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Biomedical subjects

S Khanna

Publications and source records attributed to S Khanna.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Slow-release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay.

BACKGROUND: Slow-release fluoride devices have been investigated as a potentially cost-effective method of reducing dental caries in those with high risk of disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of slow-release fluoride devices on preventing, arresting, or reversing the progression of carious lesions on all surface types of deciduous and permanent teeth. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched (up until February 2005) multiple electronic databases (Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE), bibliographic references of identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs), textbooks, review articles, and meta-analyses. Letters were sent to authors of identified RCTs asking for clarifications and unpublished or ongoing research. Relevant journals were handsearched for more recent reports than those obtained from databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing slow-release fluoride devices with an alternative fluoride treatment, placebo, or no intervention in all age groups. The main outcomes measures sought were changes in numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (DMFT/DMFS in permanent teeth or dmft/dmfs in primary teeth) and progression of carious lesions through enamel and into dentine. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Abstracts of all reports identified were considered independently by two review authors and full reports obtained of any potentially relevant articles to allow further assessment for relevance and validity. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two and three review authors respectively, with arbitration by the fourth. Where uncertainty existed, authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Only one trial involving 174 children fully met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Although 132 children were still included in the trial at the 2-year completion point, examination and statistical analysis was performed on only the 63 children who had retained the beads. Thirty-one of these were in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Amongst these 63 children, caries increment was reported to be statistically significantly lower in the intervention group than in the placebo group (mean difference: -0.72 DMFT, 95% confidence interval -1.23 to -0.21 and -1.52 DMFS, 95% confidence interval -2.68 to -0.36) AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence of a caries-inhibiting effect of slow-release fluoride glass beads. This evidence is regarded as weak and unreliable because the results were from participants selected on the basis of bead retention rather than an intention-to-treat analysis.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed2005

Depressive and anxiety disorder comorbidity in obsessive compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Depressive and other anxiety disorders are commonly found to coexist with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Although western studies have looked at this issue, there are no reports from India investigating anxiety and depressive comorbidity in adult OCD. METHODS: Between January and December 2001, charts of 218 OCD patients seen in the OCD clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, were evaluated using the OPCRIT criteria for ICD-10 for the presence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. RESULTS: There were 146 males and 72 females; their mean age at OCD onset was 21.32 +/- 0.64 years. Thirty-six (16.5%) patients had depressive episodes, 12 (5.5%) dysthymia and 15 (6.9%) any anxiety disorder. No significant difference in terms of age, sex, marital status or age at onset was found between the OCD patients with and without comorbid anxiety disorder, major depression or dysthymia, except that female OCD patients were more likely than males to have comorbid major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study are in keeping with previous data from other parts of the world, though the actual rates of comorbidity in our sample appear to be much lower. It remains to be seen whether the differences in rates are a result of methodological issues or different characteristics of sample populations. Further long-term, prospective, methodologically sound studies investigating the comorbidity of depressive and other anxiety disorders in OCD patients are needed to clarify this issue.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Experience with aspiration in cases of amebic liver abscess in an endemic area.

The study presented here was performed to evaluate the need for aspiration in patients with amebic liver abscess (ALA). Patients older than 12 years with a diagnosis of ALA based on clinical features, ultrasound results, and positive amebic serology were included in the study (n=144). Serological testing was performed to detect the presence of immunoglobin G antibody against Entamoeba histolytica, and a value of more than 0.4 optical density units was considered positive. All patients were given intravenous metronidazole (500 mg every 8 h) and their clinical progress and need for abscess aspiration was documented. Fever, pain in the upper abdomen, and tender hepatomegaly was seen in 133 (92.3%), 128 (88.8%), and 144 (100%) patients, respectively. Multiple abscesses were seen in 40 (27.7%) patients. Six (4.1%) patients died. Seventy-one (49.3%) patients responded to metronidazole alone. A total of 73 (50.69%) patients required aspiration of the abscess. This study shows that almost 50% of the patients with amebic liver abscess failed to respond to metronidazole and required aspiration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

An in-vitro and in-vivo methodology study of alveolar bone measurement using extra-oral radiographic alignment apparatus, Image Pro-Plus software and a subtraction programme.

OBJECTIVES: (a) To validate a method for acquiring reproducible radiographic images and repeatable measurements of digital images. (b) To investigate the clinical and radiographic changes following periodontal surgery and in a periodontally healthy control group. METHODS: In-vitro study. Sixteen dried human skulls had replicate intra-oral radiographs taken using an extra-oral alignment apparatus under simulated clinical conditions, and measurements were made on the images using Image Pro-Plus analysis software. In-vivo study. Seven subjects, aged 38-63 years with chronic periodontitis, were treated using replaced flap surgery. Nine patients with healthy periodontal tissues were recruited as a control group. Clinical measurements and radiographs were taken pre-surgery and 6 months afterwards, and at the same interval for untreated healthy controls using the alignment apparatus. Radiographs were analysed using Image Pro-Plus and subtraction radiography. RESULTS: Radiographs had a high degree of reliability (ICC 0.98-0.99) for the in-vitro study and intra-operator repeatability of measurements was high (ICC 0.65-0.99) for the in-vivo study. Over this interval there were both significant clinical improvements and in bone gain within infra-bony defects on radiographs. Subtracted images showed that out of 17 surgically treated sites, 13 showed evidence of bone gain, one showed no change, two showed bone loss and one could not be interpreted due to poor alignment. Overall there were no significant clinical or radiographic changes in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic images were highly reproducible. Measurements had a high degree of repeatability. The methods used allowed accurate quantitative and qualitative measurement of change in alveolar bone. This technique would allow accurate measurement of any changes in alveolar bone levels in patients with periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The relationship between disease activity and quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the quality of life (QOL) in SLE patients and correlate it with disease activity. METHODS: Lupus patients fulfilling the ACR 1997 criteria for SLE were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were administered the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) to assess their quality of life. Disease activity was measured using Mexican Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (Mex-SLEDAI). RESULTS: The study group comprised 73 lupus patients (70 females and three males) with mean age 35.22 +/- 11.15 yr and mean disease duration 5.62 +/- 5.14 yr. Mean Mex-SLEDAI score was 3.31 +/- 3.19. Higher disease activity scores were associated with lower QOL scores in the physical (P = 0.001) and psychological domains (P = 0.01) but showed no significant correlation with the domains of social and environmental QOL. Patients with clearly active and probably active disease showed significantly lower scores in the physical (P = 0.01) and psychological (P = 0.02) domains than patients with inactive disease. However, no significant difference was found in the domains of social and environmental QOL. Age or disease duration did not affect the QOL in any of the domains. CONCLUSIONS: Physical and psychological QOL are impaired to a larger extent in active lupus. However, social and environmental QOL do not correlate with the disease activity status in lupus patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Laparoscopic lateral pancreaticojejunostomy: our experience of 17 cases.

BACKGROUND: Although lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) is one of the most commonly performed procedures for the management of chronic obstructive pancreatitis, it is seldom performed laparoscopically. We report our experience of 17 consecutive laparoscopic LPJ (lap LPJ) and their outcome. METHODS: Seventeen patients (nine male and eight female) with ages ranging between 16 and 48 years underwent lap LPJ by a single surgical team. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and weight loss. RESULTS: The mean operating times for lap LPJ and lap LPJ with one or more additional procedures were 277 min and 377 min, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 5.2 days. Conversion to laparotomy was required in four patients. There were no deaths and the overall complication rate was 11.8%. On follow-up, ranging from 3 months to 1 year, 82.3% of the patients were pain-free. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is the surgical procedure of choice for the management of chronic obstructive pancreatitis. The same procedure can be performed laparoscopically; although it is technically demanding, the results are excellent. However, the procedure is still in the early phase of feasibility owing to the limited number of cases reported in the world literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Molecular diversity of tannic acid degrading bacteria isolated from tannery soil.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to enrich and isolate bacteria from a tannery soil that were capable of utilizing tannic acid and gallic acid as sole source of carbon aerobically, and to characterize their diversity in order to identify efficient strains that can be used for tannin bioremediation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacterial strains were isolated after enrichment in minimal medium with tannic acid or gallic acid as sole carbon source. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restricted fragment length polymorphism of 16S rDNA [amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA)] and BOX-PCR was used to characterize their diversity. Two strains showing relatively high efficiency in degrading tannic acid and gallic acid were identified on the basis of carbon source utilization pattern (BIOLOG) and 16S rDNA sequence. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial strains capable of degrading tannic acid and gallic acid could be grouped into six and seven clusters on the basis of ARDRA and BOX-PCR, respectively. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence, the most efficient isolate degrading tannic acid belonged to Pseudomonas citronellolis, whereas the most efficient gallic acid degrader showed maximum phylogenetic relatedness to P. plecoglossicida. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Aerobic tannic acid degraders such as the two strains isolated in this study can be used for tannin bioremediation, and in the study of genes involved in the production of tannase, an industrially important enzyme.

Benzoates↗
PubMed2003

A follow-up study of juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder from India.

OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term course and outcome of juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: Two to 9-year follow-up of largely self-referred, drug-naïve subjects (n = 58) by employing catch-up longitudinal design. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 5 years. Nearly three-fourth of the sample was adequately treated with medications. Only 21% of the subjects had clinical OCD at follow-up and 48% were in true remission (no OCD and not on treatment). Earlier age-at-onset was associated with better course and outcome. CONCLUSION: Juvenile OCD has favorable outcome. Our findings are applicable to psychiatric hospital settings in India and perhaps to the general psychiatric settings in the Western countries. Whether the better outcome in this sample is the result of differing clinical characteristics or because of true cross-cultural variation in the course needs further exploration. It is speculated that early onset OCD could be a subtype of juvenile OCD with better outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Production of 13C labelled pea flour for use in human digestion and fermentation studies.

Stable isotope breath tests offer a new approach to the study of digestion and fermentation of carbohydrates in man. In this study, 13C labelled peas were grown by pulsing 250 ml 13CO2 into a sealed growth chamber. A second pulse was added to a portion of the peas to increase the 13C enrichment. This generated pea flour with an enrichment of 2.36 at.% excess (range 2.09-2.71 n = 3) and 8.64 atom % excess (range 7.37-9.78 n = 3) respectively. This represented incorporation of an absolute yield of 3.8% of the 13CO2 into peas in the 'once-labelled' treatment and 7.5% in the 'twice-labelled' treatment. Ingestion of a mixture of the labelled pea flour (300 mg) by two volunteers generated measurable 13CO2 excretion for breath test analysis. The profile of breath 13CO2 enrichment increased to a maximum within three hours after consuming the pea flour followed by a decrease almost back to baseline by 13 hours. Breath 13CO2 appeared to rise again after this apparent nadir at 13 hours until the end of the sampling period. Mathematical analysis of the data suggested that two peaks best described the profile of breath 13CO2 up to 13 hours. A third peak was necessary to describe the late rise in breath 13CO2 enrichment. This use of 13C enriched pea flour may provide a useful non invasive method for measurement of digestion and fermentation in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Behaviour of estrogen receptor, histological correlation, and clinical outcome in patients with benign breast disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the value of estrogen receptor (ER) in benign breast diseases and to find out if the response of benign breast diseases to danazol depends on the ER status of the tissue. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital, India. MATERIAL: Samples of tissue from benign breast lesions, 40 fibrocystic disease and 10 fibroadenomas. INTERVENTIONS: Enzyme immunoassay for the presence of cytosolic ER. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ER concentrations, and correlation with effect of treatment with danazol. RESULTS: Fibrocystic disease and fibroadenomas showed 30% and 40% ER positivity, respectively. The mean (SD) ER concentration was significantly higher in premenopausal than postmenopausal patients 14.75 (3.79) fmol/mgm compared with 6.2 (1.59) fmol/mg (p < 0.05). All ten patients with mastalgia who had ER-positive lesions (n = 26) responded to danazol, compared with 6 of 16 patients who had ER-negative lesions (p < 0.05). Lesions with diffuse fibrosis (n = 14) and five with lymphocytic infiltration on histology were all ER-negative. CONCLUSION: The patients with ER positive breast disease responded better to danazol than patients with ER negative breast disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Mammary tuberculosis: report on 52 cases.

Fifty two cases of tuberculosis of the breast encountered over a 15 year period and accounting for 3% of all breast lesions are reported. The classic presentation was a breast lump with associated sinus in 39%, isolated breast lump in 23%, sinus without lump in 12%, and tender nodularity in 23% of the patients. Associated axillary lymphadenopathy was found in 41%. Diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology or histology in all the cases and antitubercular therapy formed the mainstay of treatment.

Adolescent↗