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Biomedical subjects

S Kessler

Publications and source records attributed to S Kessler.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Dimethyl sulfoxide does not suppress an experimental model of arthritis in rabbits.

We studied the ability of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to influence the course of an experimental model of inflammatory arthritis. A Dumonde-Glynn model of arthritis was induced in both tibio-femoral joints of 10 rabbits, using ovalbumin as the immunogen. At one month post induction of the arthritis, the right tibio-femoral joint of 6 animals was treated for 3 months with topical 80% DMSO--1 g/kg body weight applied to the shaved skin for 5 out of 7 days each week. In another 4 animals, the right tibio-femoral joint was injected with 0.5 ml of 80% DMSO at one month post induction of the arthritis. Joint radiographs were taken at monthly intervals. The rabbits were sequentially sacrificed and the joint tissues evaluated by a blinded observer. Neither the topical DMSO nor the intraarticular DMSO treated joints showed any favorable responses to therapy; in fact the topically treated joints exhibited somewhat more inflammatory and destructive changes than the untreated joints. However the repeated injection of DMSO into normal joints did not, of itself, produce any deleterious effects. This study indicates a need to assess more thoroughly a possible deleterious effect of DMSO on the course of untreated inflammatory arthritis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Role of the thymus in directing the development of a subset of B lymphocytes.

In an effort to evaluate the role of the thymus in influencing the development of Lyb-5- B lymphocytes, mice expressing both the xid and nu gene defects were studied. Mice expressing either of these defects respond to both trinitrophenylated Brucellus abortus and lipopolysaccharide; whereas mice with the combined defect show markedly suppressed responses. The other abnormalities included: (a) greater than 80 percent diminution of serum Ig levels; (b) significant increase in the number of sIgM+ sIgD- B lymphocytes; (c) reduced expression of IgD on sIgD+ cells; and (d) a strikingly abnormal histology of their lymphoid tissue. Because nu/nu mice that do not express the xid defect appear relatively normal, it would suggest that the development of Lyb-5- B lymphocytes require a thymic influence for normal maturation, whereas, Lyb-5+ B lymphocytes are relatively independent of such influences.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Psychological aspects of genetic counseling. II: Quantitative analysis of a transcript of a genetic counseling session.

The Bales system of scoring small group interactions was used to analyze a transcript of a preamniocentesis (genetic) counseling session in which a husband (H), wife (W), and a male counselor (C) participated. Scoring required the subdivision of communication into the smallest meaningful and scorable units, assigning each unit one of twelve possible category scores and designating the initiator and intended recipient(s) of the unit. The categories included "positive" and "negative" reactions, questions and attempted answers. Over half the units were found to consist of interactions in which information, orientation, and clarification were provided. C initiated 54% of all units of which three-quarters consisted of factual information regarding amniocentesis, genetic risks, Down syndrome, and mental retardation. C interacted significantly more frequently with W than with H, but units directed toward H were significantly more positive than those toward W. One interaction, in which C responded to affective material, significantly altered the subsequent frequency and direction of units; H became more verbal and there was an increase in further affective expression. Although evidence of persuasion was present, no directiveness was demonstrated. The data show that quantitative study of genetic counseling is feasible. Further research on different counseling styles and on the influence of specific interventions on later outcome has been undertaken.

Genetic Counseling↗
PubMed1982

Pulmonary fat embolization in the immunocompromised patient: its relationship to steroid medication.

Three immunosuppressed patients developed respiratory distress while receiving steroids. The main pulmonary findings were fat embolization with secondary hemorrhagic alveolitis. The pulmonary changes were similar to those found in patients who had traumatic fat embolization. Pulmonary distress in immunosuppressed patients may develop for a variety of reasons; fat embolization should be included in the differential diagnosis when these patients are receiving steroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Multiple peripheral lung cysts and hemoptysis in an otherwise asymptomatic adult.

In this report we describe a young adult man who developed multiple, thin-walled cystic lesions of the lungs on chest roentgenograms over a 2-yr period and whose only symptom was infrequent hemoptysis. There were no objective findings of pulmonary infection. Microscopic examination of one of the lesions showed the histologic features of a lung cyst. The cyst wall contained numerous ectatic vascular channels and disordered growth of vascular elements, findings not previously described in association with peripheral lung cysts. The presence of both endodermal and mesodermal derivatives contributing to the composition of the lesions raises the possibility that these represent hamartomatous malformations.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Psychological aspects of genetic counseling: analysis of a transcript.

A transcript of a genetic counseling session is presented and discussed by 2 separate readers. The style of counseling emphasized content material at the expense of process. The counselor avoided or evaded affective issues and thus limited his ability to clarify the current attitudes and beliefs of the counselees as well as to identify their future needs. However, one empathic intervention did have an important impact on changing the tone of the session. The issues of directiveness and neutrality were examined in light of the process of the session. The counselor appeared to be largely nondirective in his advice-giving and ostensibly neutral in his educational approach. Nevertheless, his overall counseling strategy seemed to be aimed at persuading the counselees to agree to have the amniocentesis procedure. The need for more information on what actually occurs in the course of genetic counseling is underscored.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Long-term culture of normal mouse B lymphocytes.

A procedure is described for the preparation of long-term lines of normal mouse B lymphocytes. Surface immunoglobulin-bearing splenic B lymphocytes were purified with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and then cultured with lipopolysaccharide for 1-4 wk. The cells were then transferred into medium supplemented with a T-hybridoma-derived supernatant containing interleukin 2 (IL2). Continuous feeding with this supernatant led to the establishment of cell lines that also could be propagated to IL 2-free medium containing interleukin 1 but not in culture medium alone. Cell lines have been propagated in this manner for as long as 10 mo. The cells in these lines have the appearance for small, dense lymphocytes, which all bear surface IgM detectable by immunofluorescence, rosetting, and surface radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation. The cells express Ia and lack Thy 1. These cultured B lymphocytes are unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide but can be activated to become more rapidly dividing, immunoglobulin-secreting cells by exposure to culture supernatants containing both T-cell-replacing factor and IL 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cutaneous lesions of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Comparison with lymphomatoid papulosis.

Histopathologic changes in skin lesions from 14 patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (some of which were from the original series of Liebow, Carrington, and Friedman) are described. These are compared to the microscopic changes in skin lesions from 17 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis. Significant differences between the two diseases are present, notably the lack of epidermal and papillary dermal involvement and almost exclusive vasocentricity of the lesions of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Lymphomatoid papulosis exhibits extensive involvement of the epidermis and papillary dermis. A diffuse cellular infiltrate is present in the reticular dermis as well as around blood vessels in lymphomatoid papulosis. The relationship of the two diseases to B- and T-lymphocytes is discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Genetic associates/counselors in genetics services.

A survey of US directors of genetic services showed that about 38% of the non-physician professionals providing such are genetic associates/counselors (GAs). Over 90% of GAs appear to be involved in direct human services, rather than in the performance of laboratory procedures or research. Although they wanted GAs to be competent in communication and inter-personal skills, counseling, and community education, employers and potential employers tended to rank a background preparation in and knowledge of psychosocial principles relatively less important than a knowledge of biological principles. The possible consequences of these attitudes are discussed in light of the fact that GAs represent a new profession which is still evolving and struggling to define its professional role in genetic services. Despite some role ambiguities, employers familiar with their work expressed a strong vote of confidence in these professionals.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1980

The genetics of schizophrenia: a review.

The evidence suggesting that genetic factors are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia is reviewed. Despite methodological and other difficulties, independent lines of research--family, twin, and adoption studies--point in a common direction: Persons genetically at risk for schizophrenia are more likely to become affected than those who are not. Current attempts to understand the mode of inheritance of the gene or genes involved have become increasingly sophisticated and, consequently, less accessible (and possibly useful) to clinicians and nongeneticist researchers. Guidelines are provided for the provision of genetic counseling to affected persons and their relatives. Such counseling is frequently enmeshed with multiple psychosocial (rather than strictly medical) issues and should be provided by professionals with appropriate training and experience in psychotherapy.

Adoption↗