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Biomedical subjects

S Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to S Kelly.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Systematic analysis of yeast strains with possible defects in lipid metabolism.

Lipids are essential components of all living cells because they are obligate components of biological membranes, and serve as energy reserves and second messengers. Many but not all genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid, phospholipid, sterol or sphingolipid biosynthesis of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been cloned and gene products have been functionally characterized. Less information is available about genes and gene products governing the transport of lipids between organelles and within membranes or the turnover and degradation of complex lipids. To obtain more insight into lipid metabolism, regulation of lipid biosynthesis and the role of lipids in organellar membranes, a group of five European laboratories established methods suitable to screen for novel genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in these processes. These investigations were performed within EUROFAN (European Function Analysis Network), a European initiative to identify the functions of unassigned open reading frames that had been detected during the Yeast Genome Sequencing Project. First, the methods required for the complete lipid analysis of yeast cells based on chromatographic techniques were established and standardized. The reliability of these methods was demonstrated using tester strains with established defects in lipid metabolism. During these investigations it was demonstrated that different wild-type strains, among them FY1679, CEN.PK2-1C and W303, exhibit marked differences in lipid content and lipid composition. Second, several candidate genes which were assumed to encode proteins involved in lipid metabolism were selected, based on their homology to genes of known function. Finally, lipid composition of mutant strains deleted of the respective open reading frames was determined. For some genes we found evidence suggesting a possible role in lipid metabolism.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1999

Glycated hemoglobin as an indicator of social environmental stress among indigenous versus westernized populations.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed whether glycated hemoglobin concentration, an indicator of psychogenic stress, differs between indigenous populations and non-indigenous reference groups. METHODS: Multivariate and stratified analyses were undertaken of cross-sectional data from multi-center community-based diabetes diagnostic and risk factor screening initiatives in Canada and Australia. Population groups were Australian Aborigines (n = 116), Torres Strait Islanders (n = 156), Native Canadians (n = 155), Greek migrants to Australia (n = 117), and Caucasian Australians (n = 67). Measurements included fasting glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) concentration, fasting and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and demographic variables. RESULTS: Mean HbA(1c) concentrations were greater for indigenous groups than for Greek migrants and Caucasian Australians (P < 0. 0001). The covariate adjusted indigenous versus non-indigenous difference (95% CI) was 0.90 (0.58-1.22) percentage units, 18.2% higher for indigenous people. Stratified analyses indicated greater HbA(1c) for indigenous than for non-indigenous persons with normoglycemia (P = 0.009), impaired glucose tolerance (P = 0.097), and diabetes (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: HbA(1c) concentrations are greater for indigenous than for non-indigenous groups. Social changes, low control, and living conditions associated with westernization may be inherently stressful at the biological level for indigenous populations in westernized countries.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1999

An instrument for the multiparameter assessment of speech.

This paper describes the development of SNORS+, a clinical, user-friendly instrument for measurement of the articulators during speech. The design criteria for the instrument were based upon a wide-ranging review of current practice and available techniques. SNORS+ allows objective assessment of the function and co-ordination of key articulators. Appropriate targeting of therapy is therefore possible. Visual feedback is provided, for therapy, and an objective measurement of outcome is easily obtained. Preliminary results are presented. These suggest that the instrument will prove extremely useful in the assessment and management of many speech disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Identifying strategies for managing urinary incontinence with women who have multiple sclerosis.

The aim of this pilot project was to identify strategies for managing incontinence with women who have multiple sclerosis (MS). The project used the formation of a group in which eight women with MS and four Continence Nurse Advisers (CNAs) and the first author were brought together. In the course of the research process, the women found a voice on a topic previously thought of as taboo. When they realized that they had suffered alone and in silence they felt empowered to act. In this way, the methodology evolved from group work into a participatory action research process (PAR), as the group initiated action. Participants formed a self-help group, and continued to meet with each other after the research had run its course.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Implementing and sustaining evidence-based clinical practice in Australia: the Evidence Based Clinical Practice Research Initiative.

Evidence-based medicine is a process by which clinicians translate clinical information needs into answerable questions, track down answers to those needs as efficiently and effectively as possible using the best evidence available, apply the information to patients and evaluate their performance. Implementing evidence-based medicine is fragmented and variable. The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia has implemented a research program to determine successful strategies for implementation and sustaining of evidence-based clinical practice. In addition this research program will help to answer whether evidence-based practice improves patient outcomes. This paper describes this program and other strategies that improve the application of evidence-based practice in clinical settings.

Australia↗
PubMed1999

The nature of the attenuation of Salmonella typhimurium strains expressing human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles determines the systemic and mucosal antibody responses in nasally immunized mice.

We have recently shown by using a recombinant Salmonella typhimurium PhoPc strain in mice the feasibility of using a Salmonella-based vaccine to prevent infection by the genital human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). Here, we compare the HPV16-specific antibody responses elicited by nasal immunization with recombinant S. typhimurium strains harboring attenuations that, in contrast to PhoPc, are suitable for human use. For this purpose, chi4989 (Deltacya Deltacrp) and chi4990 [Deltacya Delta(crp-cdt)] were constructed in the ATCC 14028 genetic background, and comparison was made with the isogenic PhoPc and PhoP- strains. Although the levels of expression of HPV16 virus-like particle (VLP) were similar in all strains, only PhoPc HPV16 induced sustained specific antibody responses after nasal immunization, while all strains induced high antibody responses with a single nasal immunization when an unrelated viral hepatitis B core antigen was expressed. The level of the specific antibody responses induced did not correlate with the number of recombinant bacteria surviving in various organs 2 weeks after immunization. Our data suggest that the immunogenicity of attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains does not correlate with either the number of persisting bacteria after immunization or the levels of in vitro expression of the antigen carried. Rather, the PhoPc phenotype appears to provide the unique ability in Salmonella to induce immune responses against HPV16 VLPs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cost-effective methods for isolation of Salmonella enterica in the clinical laboratory.

Data from 8,717 fecal specimens indicate that primary inoculation of xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar may enhance the speed, but not the sensitivity, of isolation of Salmonella enterica over that achieved with Selenite enrichment only. Plating of Selenite broth onto both brilliant green and XLD agar offers no advantage over plating onto XLD alone.

Agar↗
PubMed1999

Polishing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Prophylaxis↗
PubMed1999

Child protective services and domestic violence.

Studies estimate that domestic violence is present in at least one-third of the families involved in child protective services (CPS). Yet, until recently, CPS has not directly addressed domestic violence in its handling of child abuse and neglect cases. By the same token, domestic violence programs have historically emphasized services for battered women, with limited understanding of the child safety goals of CPS. Despite these historical differences, collaborative efforts between CPS and domestic violence service programs are emerging based on a common goal of safety from violence for all family members. Innovative strategies include the use of domestic violence specialists in a variety of child protection settings for case consultation and for support to the battered women, direct referrals of battered women from domestic violence programs to family preservation services, and cross-training of CPS workers and domestic violence service providers. A survey of state CPS administrators and domestic violence coalition directors conducted for this article revealed that although there is mutual interest in greater collaboration, such efforts remain limited. New forums, such as CPS citizen review panels and community-based CPS partnerships, hold promise for further collaboration. Critical to successful strategies are supportive agency leadership, greater trust and understanding across systems, a recognition of common goals, and a willingness to change policies and practice.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Selecting a clinical system.

For more than three decades, health care information systems have built upon the administrative and financial information needs of the health care delivery organization. Industry analysts project that administrative and financial information systems will continue to be important to health care, but post-Y2K resources increasingly will fall on the purchase, installation and support of clinical documentation and reporting tools. This manuscript provides a brief overview of the electronic medical record (EMR), and identifies and explains the need for EMRs in health care. This article also provides strategies for medical group managers and information systems managers to successfully select and negotiate a contract for an electronic medical record.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed1999

Understanding what is important for women who live with multiple sclerosis.

In this pilot-project eight women with multiple sclerosis (MS), four Continence Nurse Advisers (CNAs) and one researcher formed a participatory action research (PAR) group. Ten group sessions were held in 1997. The CNAs found that 80 of their referrals for continence management were women with MS and they wanted to explore the way in which women manage their incontinence. Although the group was brought together to discuss incontinence, other emergent themes were raised by the women. These themes were: women's ad hoc experience with community services, their problems concerning access to toilets for the disabled, concern with health professionals' lack of knowledge about MS, their formidable experiences of hospitalisation and respite care admissions, their individual efforts in maintaining wellness in the context of chronic illness and the effect of MS on sexual relationships.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

A new interference-free lysine biosensor using a non-conducting polymer film.

An electrochemical biosensor for the determination of lysine to be used for rapid evaluation of food quality has been developed. Platinum electrodes have been coated by electropolymerisation with 1,2-diaminobenzene (1.2-DAB) using cyclic voltammetry. The reduction in the oxidation of interferents compared with the bare platinum electrode was 100% for ascorbic acid, 99% for acetaminophen and 99% for cysteine. The enzyme L-lysine-alpha-oxidase was then immobilised onto the polymer layer by passive adsorption and a calibration curve for lysine constructed. This gave a linear range of 1 x 10(-5) mol/l to 1 x 10(-3) mol/l and a limit of detection of 2 x 10(-7) mol/l.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1998

Amperometric immunosensor for lactate dehydrogenase LD-1.

An amperometric immunosensor for the detection of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme LD-1 has been developed. Polyclonal antibodies for LD-1 have been covalently immobilised onto a preactivated Immunodyne ABC membrane, reacted with standard LD-1 solutions and placed onto a platinum working electrode polarised at +600 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Lactate dehydrogenase activity has been measured by detection of the oxidation of NADH at the electrode surface. A calibration curve for LDH in the 0.005-0.12 U range has been obtained with a repeatability of 3% and a reproducibility of 10%. The probe exhibited good selectivity (response of LD-2 was 18% of LD-1) which was further improved using thermal treatment of the membranes. Measurement of LD-1 content in human control serum with the developed procedure gave a LD-1 concentration in the reported assigned range.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Extended aortic arch atherectomy.

We report 2 cases of extensive atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta, arch of the aorta, innominate artery, and bilateral carotid arteries treated surgically at St. Vincent and Veterans Administration Medical Centers of Portland, Oregon.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Lansoprazole triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori--is 5 days enough?

BACKGROUND: Seven-day proton pump inhibitor triple therapy is currently the treatment of choice for Helicobacter pylori infection. It is unclear whether triple therapy for less than 7 days might preserve efficacy while at the same time improving patient acceptability and compliance. AIM: To evaluate the Helicobactericidal efficacy, ulcer healing capacity and patient acceptability of a 5-day lansoprazole-based triple therapy regimen. METHODS: Sixty-nine consecutive patients with H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer received lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily in combination with metronidazole 400 mg twice daily and clarithromycin 250 mg twice daily for 5 days. Ulcer healing medication was not continued after the 5-day regimen. H. pylori status was assessed before and at least 4 weeks after therapy by rapid urease test and histology. Adverse events and compliance were assessed by direct questioning. RESULTS: All 69 patients attended for repeat endoscopy and 63 were H. pylori-negative after therapy giving a cure rate of 91%, (95%, Cl: 85-98%). Of the 59 patients with active ulcers, 58 were healed at repeat endoscopy giving an ulcer healing rate of 98% (95% Cl: 92-100%). All patients fully complied with therapy and mild adverse events, mainly gastrointestinal, were reported by 11 patients (16%). CONCLUSIONS: Five-day lansoprazole triple therapy is an effective regimen for H. pylori infection which combines a high cure rate and ulcer healing efficacy with the advantages of excellent patient acceptability and compliance.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗