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Biomedical subjects

S Kaul

Publications and source records attributed to S Kaul.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of some ecological factors on the occurrence of poultry soil-inhabiting keratinophiles.

Investigations were conducted to assess the ecological factors governing distribution and survival of keratinophilic fungi in poultry farm soils. All the poultry farm soils were rich in humus and the keratinophilic fungi were generally found to be proportional to the soil organic matter. These soils were nearly neutral to weakly alkaline and organically rich with a high content of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myocardial contrast echocardiography: basic principles.

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a new technique that can be used to examine the myocardial microcirculation. It uses gas-filled microbubbles that behave similarly to red blood cells in the microcirculation. This report describes the parts of the coronary microcirculation visualized by MCE. It also describes the types of microbubbles currently available for research. The properties of microbubbles and their interaction with ultrasound are also described as well as different imaging techniques. This information is necessary to understand the basics of MCE.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an immunoassay for BMS-191352, a single-chain immunotoxin, and its application to toxicokinetic studies.

BMS-191352 is a single-chain fusion protein composed of the variable regions of chimeric BR96 monoclonal antibody and the binding defective form of Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE40). The immunotoxin exhibits potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells expressing the Lewis antigen. A sensitive and specific double antibody sandwich ELISA has been developed and validated for the determination of BMS-191352 in rat and dog EDTA plasma. A monoclonal anti-PE40 antibody (EXA2-1H8) was used to capture BMS-191352 in plasma samples. The captured BMS-191352 was then detected using a biotinylated monoclonal BR96 antiidiotypic antibody (757-4-1) followed by the addition of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate and chromogen 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. The optical density was measured at 450 nm. The standard curve range in rat and dog plasma was 2-32 ng/mL. The RSD for the inter- and intra-assay precision was within 9.2% and the accuracy was greater than 89.0%. The ELISA method was applied to the analysis of BMS-191352 in plasma samples from toxicokinetic studies conducted in rats and dogs. These studies revealed that the systemic exposure of BMS-191352 was dose proportional and the kinetics of BMS-191352 were linear between the dose range of 1.8-7.2 mg/m2 in the dog.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A longitudinal study of growth in length and weight of Punjabi infants in Chandigarh, India.

One hundred and fifty-four Punjabi infants (86 male, 68 female) were followed longitudinally and their lengths and weights measured each month during the first year of life. Monthly distance and velocity means for their weight and crown-heel length with the respective standard deviations are presented. The general pattern of growth is characterized by a period of rapid initial increase followed by a period of slower increment during the second half of infancy. Length velocity decreased from birth onwards, but weight velocity shows a peak at around 1.5 months, followed by a decline.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular responses to platelet activation in normal and atherosclerotic primates in vivo.

Platelets release vasoactive substances that may contribute to augmented vasoconstriction. In this study, we examined vascular responses to activation of platelets in vivo by infusion of collagen. Purified bovine collagen was infused into the blood-perfused hind limb of normal and atherosclerotic cynomolgus monkeys. Resistance of the total limb and large arteries was measured at constant flow. In normal monkeys, collagen produced a decrease in total limb resistance, with a modest constrictor response of the large arteries. In atherosclerotic monkeys, collagen produced a transient, small decrease in total limb resistance, with pronounced constriction of large arteries. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) and the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist SQ29,548 (2 mg/kg i.v.) virtually abolished the large-artery constrictor response to collagen in atherosclerotic monkeys. The 5-HT2-serotonergic receptor antagonist ketanserin (0.6 mg/kg i.v.) had no effect on the vasoconstrictor response. We conclude that 1) large arteries constrict and small vessels dilate in response to collagen-mediated activation of platelets in vivo in normal and atherosclerotic monkeys, 2) large-artery constriction in response to activation of platelets is augmented in atherosclerotic monkeys, and 3) the augmented large-artery constriction in atherosclerotic monkeys may be mediated primarily by thromboxane. The findings provide evidence that platelets may contribute to augmented constrictor responses of atherosclerotic arteries.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heterogeneity of low density lipoprotein responses to fish-oil supplementation in hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

Previous studies have demonstrated a variable effect of fish oil on low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, particularly in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Since heterogeneity of LDL composition and metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic subjects is well described, the present study was undertaken to determine if the response of LDL to dietary fish-oil supplementation is dependent upon pretreatment differences in LDL composition. A single-blind, cross-over design was used with 18 hypertriglyceridemic subjects, who were given supplements of a safflower-oil placebo or a fish-oil concentrate (4.0 g omega-3 fatty acids; [F4 dose]) for 1 month. Sixteen subjects then received an additional month of fish-oil supplementation at a higher dose (7.5 g omega-3 fatty acids [F7.5 dose]). The initial LDL cholesterol/apo B ratio, an index of LDL composition, was correlated positively with changes in LDL apo B levels (F4.0 dose: r = 0.41, p = 0.06; F7.5 dose: r = 0.51, p = 0.03) and negatively with changes in LDL cholesterol concentrations (F4.0 dose: r = -0.51, p = 0.01; F7.5 dose: r = -0.50, p = 0.02). Twelve subjects with LDL cholesterol/apo B ratios above 1.4 had large increases in LDL apo B (51% at both doses, p less than 0.05) but much smaller changes in LDL cholesterol levels during fish-oil treatment. Six subjects with LDL cholesterol/apo B ratios below 1.4 showed a trend toward increased LDL cholesterol (12% increase from baseline at F4 dose, 10% increase from baseline at F7.5 dose, p greater than 0.05) but not in LDL apo B levels during fish-oil therapy. These data suggest that LDL responses to fish oil may be linked to underlying differences in LDL composition and, presumably, to differences in LDL metabolic behavior.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased neointimal thickening after arterial wall injury in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice.

Mechanical injury in vivo results in the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the role of iNOS in modulating neointima formation after arterial wall injury is not clear. To determine whether the induction of iNOS gene expression promotes or attenuates the neointimal response to injury, we used a murine model of perivascular injury induced by placing a periadventitial collar around the carotid arteries in both wild-type and iNOS knockout mice (iNOS-KO mice). Periadventitial injury induced iNOS expression in the wild-type but not the iNOS-KO mice. Neointimal area and the intima/media ratio were significantly less in the iNOS-KO mice compared with the wild-type mice at 21 days. Injury-induced proliferation of medial cells and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were also attenuated in iNOS-KO mice compared with wild-type mice. The induction of iNOS and the activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated pathway were also demonstrated in an in vitro injury model. We conclude that mechanical injury in vivo and in vitro induces iNOS expression and that lack of iNOS expression attenuates neointima formation after perivascular arterial injury. Taken together, these findings suggest that iNOS expression after vascular injury may promote neointima formation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of Doppler echocardiography in coronary artery disease.

Doppler echocardiography can have a major role in the evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease. This review deals with the imaging planes in relation to coronary vascular territories and the role of Doppler echocardiography in evaluating patients with acute and chronic ischemic syndromes.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategies for molecular designing of novel low-band-gap electrically conducting polymers.

Molecular designing of low-band-gap electrically conducting polymers continues to be a major challenge of the field of electrically conducting polymers. Such polymers are expected to show not only good intrinsic conductivity but also possibly a good transparency in the visible spectrum for their use as infrared sensors/detectors. Low-band-gap polymers can also be of great interest as new polymeric materials for nonlinear optics. Various routes presently followed to achieve this designing with special reference to the donor-acceptor polymers and important results obtained with this route are briefly reviewed.

Biotechnology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The General Practice Morbidity Database Project Wales--a methodology for primary care data extraction.

There is a fundamental need for accurate, timely and relevant information for health service planning; the increasing focus on a primary care led NHS has made the collection of information from general practitioners a priority. A collaborative project between general practitioners and public health physicians in Wales has developed methodologies for the extraction and analysis of routinely collected data from general practices across Wales. Four commonly used computer systems have been investigated. This paper outlines the methodologies used and describes the problems encountered and their solutions.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of URIM, a novel gene up-regulated in metastasis.

URIM (Up-Regulated In Metastasis) was identified as a new gene by Differential Display Technique during investigation of the transcriptional pattern of a metastasizing (NMCL-1) and a non-metastasizing (530) human melanoma cell line. The protein is encoded by 206 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 10.4. In addition, URIM displays a putative nuclear localization signal and a putative leucine zipper suggesting that URIM may function as a nuclear protein. Expression of URIM in several normal tissues and tumor cell lines was studied by Northern blotting. Surprisingly, 17 fold increased steady-state mRNA levels for URIM were detected in three cell lines derived from bone marrow micrometastasis of mammary carcinoma and one mammary carcinoma cell line derived from ascites fluid compared to normal epithelial cells from mammary gland and two cell lines derived from primary mammary carcinoma. These findings indicate that expression of URIM might be deregulated in metastases of different types of tumors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transcriptional profiling of human mammary carcinoma cell lines reveals PKW, a new tumor-specific gene.

In order to identify genes associated with distinct stages of mammary carcinoma we have investigated the transcriptional profile of normal mammary gland epithelial cells, cell lines derived from primary tumors, from bone marrow micrometastases and from ascites fluid. mRNA's for ribosomal protein L41 and URIM (Up-Regulated In Metastasis) were consistently increased in all cells derived from metastatic lesions. mRNA for human secreted frizzled-related protein (hsFRP) was found to be dramatically down-regulated in all mammary tumor cells compared to non-transformed mammary gland epithelial cells. mRNA for Human Hypoxia Related Factor--2 (HRF-2) and a transcript including the human mitochondrial control region were significantly overexpressed in the cell lines derived from primary tumors and ascites fluid. A new gene, referred to as PKW, was only expressed in one of the primary tumor cell lines, the one derived from a medullary carcinoma. The small and the large transcript which are derived by differential splicing encode potential proteins comprising 95 aa and 130 aa, sharing 88 aa at the N-terminus. The IEP's suggest a nuclear localization of the proteins. Surprisingly mRNA for the new gene was detected only in the salivary gland, but not in other adult human tissues and a restricted panel of embryonic tissues. The same holds true for a panel of human tumor cell lines and cell lines derived from ductal mammary carcinoma. RT-PCR revealed expression of PKW in 4 out of 11 breast carcinomas.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of breast cancer metastasis-associated genes by chip technology.

In order to identify genes associated with metastasis of mammary carcinoma, we compared the transcriptional profile (Affymetrix chip technology) of two cell lines derived from primary mammary carcinoma, three cell lines derived from bone marrow micrometastasis, a cell line derived from a lymph node metastasis as well as a cell line derived from malignant ascites. We found that 11 genes (0.16%) were up-regulated in all five cell lines derived from metastasis and 32 genes (0.45%) were up-regulated in four of these cell lines. Sixteen genes (0.23%) were down-regulated in the five metastatic cell lines, while 24 genes (0.34%) were down-regulated in four of the metastatic cell lines. The usefulness of our system for the identification of genes associated with metastasis of mammary carcinoma is demonstrated by the identification of genes which have already been implicated in metastasis of mammary carcinoma. This suggests that further evaluation of identified de-regulated genes, which until now have not been seen in context with metastasis of mammary carcinoma, should be undertaken.

Bone Marrow Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS: nature's last laugh?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hospital malnutrition: a prospective evaluation of patients during hospitalisation.

Nutritional Status of 89 patients was assessed during their course of hospitalisation. All patients consumed diet deficit in protein and calories. The mean daily intake of calories was 819 +/- 425 Kcals and of protein was 22 +/- 19 g per day. 74.13 per cent patients lost weight while 31.25 per cent gained. 50% patients had fall in SKFT values during their hospital stay.

Developing Countries↗