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Biomedical subjects

S Katz

Publications and source records attributed to S Katz.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defenses in mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation whose cellular components are capable of oxidative respiratory bursts that may result in tissue injury. Mucosal biopsies were analyzed for protein carbonyl content (POPs), DNA oxidation products [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), trace metals (copper, zinc, and iron) and superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD). In Crohn's disease biopsies, there was an increase in ROIs, POPs, 8-OHdG, and iron, while decreased copper and Cu-Zn SOD activity were found in inflamed tissues compared to controls. For ulcerative colitis, there was an increase in ROIs, POPs, and iron in inflamed tissue compared to controls, while decreased zinc and copper were observed. An imbalance in the formation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant micronutrients may be important in the pathogenesis and/or perpetuation of the tissue injury in IBD and may provide a rationale for therapeutic modulation with antioxidants.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed1996

Can ultrasonography replace computed tomography in the initial assessment of children with blunt abdominal trauma?

The evaluation of injured children with suspected blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is clinically challenging. Computed tomography (CT) requires that patients be sedated, stable, and transportable, and even so, it is considered the diagnostic modality of choice for children with BAT. The authors questioned whether abdominal ultrasonography (US) performed during the initial assessment of the injured child is accurate enough to replace CT in the detection of intraabdominal injury. One hundred twenty-four children with BAT aged 2 to 14 years; (average, 8.3) were admitted to the authors' institution during 1992 and 1993. Some had associated injuries (head, 60; chest, 25; extremities, 15; pelvis, 5). The indications for US were pelvic, abdominal, or lower chest trauma, tenderness, or guarding; altered consciousness; microhematuria; and/or low hemoglobin/hematocrit values. Three patients underwent abdominal CT at the time of admission. For 121 children, an emergency US examination was performed using a 3.5-MHz transducer and a portable machine. The examination evaluated the kidneys, liver, and spleen for parenchymal injuries, and the subhepatic, subphrenic, and paracolic spaces and the pelvis for evidence of free peritoneal fluid. The presence of fluid and/or parenchymal injury was interpreted as a positive US result. Twenty-eight patients had positive US findings. Ten of these had a subsequent positive CT result, eight had a normal CT result, and 10 had a negative second US result. Eleven patients (with a total of 17 visceral injuries) were treated conservatively. One patient underwent emergency surgery for liver and caval injuries. Four patients required blood transfusions. Ninety-three of the 121(78%) had a negative US result. For one of these patients, a subsequent CT scan showed a minor subcapsular splenic hematoma, which resolved spontaneously. The authors conclude that US is sensitive in detecting free peritoneal fluid or visceral injuries and is an effective screening modality. It has replaced abdominal CT in 76% of our patients with suspected BAT. In view of the reliability, simplicity, low cost, and bedside availability of US, the authors suggest that this modality be used in the initial assessment and diagnosis of children with suspected intraabdominal injury from blunt trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Transient gastric outlet obstruction and tetralogy of Fallot: a true association or a coincidental finding?

Infants suffering from congenital heart anomalies who are receiving intravenous prostaglandins may present with gastric outlet obstruction. We describe a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot who was not being treated with prostaglandins and presented with gastric outlet obstruction. The typical clinical and radiological signs of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis resolved spontaneously within several days. We suggest that there may be an association between cyanotic heart disease and gastric outlet obstruction unrelated to the use of prostaglandins.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Minimal change nephropathy associated with sclerosing mesenteritis.

A 65-year-old man with sclerosing mesenteritis developed the nephrotic syndrome. Percutaneous renal biopsy revealed classical histologic findings of minimal change nephropathy with a mild interstitial nephritis. Immunomodulation with prednisone led to a rapid and complete remission of the proteinuria but did not alter the course of the underlying sclerosing mesenteritis. The association of lymphomatous and nonlymphomatous neoplasms with minimal change nephropathy has been well-described. Our review of the literature indicates a parallel association of malignant lymphoma with sclerosing mesenteritis and a variety of disorders that constitute a spectrum of disease. The occurrence of this histopathologic form of renal injury and therapeutic response in the setting of a known lymphoreticular disorder suggests a role for a generalized alteration in cell-mediated immunity and not a tumor-induced elaboration of a factor(s) that directly damages the glomerular filtration barrier.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Can cocaine addicts with severe mental illness be treated along with singly diagnosed addicts?

Large numbers of indigent cocaine abusers now present in center-city hospitals. Since many are also diagnosed for severe mental illness, options for their effective treatment are needed. The authors investigated the feasibility of treating these dually diagnosed patients along with the majority of abusers who were not severely impaired in a program that combines peerled treatment with psychiatric management and pharmacotherapy. Although group confrontation techniques were used, schizophrenics (N = 71) and patients with major depressive disorder (N = 50) experienced an outcome as good or better than the less impaired (N = 177) on retention, visit rates, and urinalysis results.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Our technique of partial inferior turbinoplasty: long-term results evaluated by rhinomanometry.

Conservative surgical technique (Partial inferior turbinoplasty) for enlarged inferior turbinates, not responding to adequate local and systemic therapy is described. Short and long term results are evaluated. Relief of nasal obstruction is reported in 94.7% of the patients. There is a good correlation between this success-rate and the objective measurements of the nasal resistance by active anterior rhinomanometry. Rhinorrhea or postnasal drip was still present in 34.2%. Atrophic changes in the nasal mucosa were not observed. Early post-operative epistaxis was found in 5.3% of the patients. Late post-operative epistaxis did not occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The treatment of hand ischemia by arterial ligation and upper extremity bypass after angioaccess surgery.

BACKGROUND: Hand ischemia remains an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of angioaccess operations. In the past, fistula ligation, arterial banding, and graft lengthening have been recommended as treatment with varying degrees of success. The procedure of arterial ligation and upper extremity bypass has recently been proposed as a more physiologic alternative method of treating this problem. STUDY DESIGN: The records of six patients with hand ischemia after hemodialysis access surgery who were treated with arterial ligation and revascularization were reviewed. Indications for operation, patient demographics, and risk factors were noted. The clinical results of surgery as well as fistula and bypass graft patency were recorded. RESULTS: All six patients demonstrated marked improvement in the perfusion of the affected hand. Five of six patients had complete resolution of their symptoms, while one continues to have a mild residual numbness of the hand. All fistulas and arterial bypass grafts remain patent at a follow-up period of two to 18 months (mean, 7.4 months). There were no perioperative complications or deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The technique of arterial ligation and upper extremity bypass provides a consistent and reliable method of correcting hand ischemia after angioaccess surgery. We believe it is the procedure that is most likely to alleviate the clinical symptoms of hand ischemia without jeopardizing the long-term function of the hemodialysis fistula.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Censored lifetime data in adaptive neural networks.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: In clinical research, survival, reliability and failure analyses, the use of censored lifetime data often becomes a necessity. In this paper we present a novel methodology developed to allow for the use of censored data to train neural networks to predict the time of specific adverse events. METHODS AND RESULTS: Specifically, for patients with implanted bioprostheses, we were able to design and train a neural system to successfully predict the time from valve implant to valve dysfunction. Further, we were able to demonstrate the clear improvement in performance and predictive accuracy of the system when trained using this method. The assertion that censored data carry additional and extremely valuable information, especially in cases of rare events, is substantiated by this correlation analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This new methodology, in combination with results obtained from previous models which were able to identify the patients most likely to experience such events, now completes the picture by pin-pointing the 'who', as well as the 'when'.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMed1995

Interrupted air column in the large bowel on plain abdominal film: a new radiological sign of intussusception.

Intussusception is a frequent cause of small bowel obstruction in infants and toddlers. Early confirmation and treatment are paramount. We have recognized a fairly consistent radiological finding in plain abdominal x-rays that had not been described previously. The study compares the x-ray findings of patients with proven intussusception with those of patients with colicky abdominal pain related to other causes. In association with the relevant symptoms, this "interrupted air column" in the large bowel should alert one to the possibility of intussusception.

Colic↗
PubMed1995

Screening for asymptomatic celiac sprue in families.

We evaluated the reliability of IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies (AGA-A, AGA-G), antireticulin antibody (ARA), endomysial antibodies (EmA), and alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance (alpha 1-AT CL) in the detection of celiac sprue (CS) in 59 first-degree asymptomatic relatives of celiac patients who had duodenal biopsy. Twenty-four relatives who had normal results of screening tests were selected at random for biopsy; 35 relatives with at least one abnormal test result were biopsied. Eleven relatives were noted to have villous atrophy at biopsy; the diagnosis of celiac sprue was confirmed by histological improvement after gluten-free diet in six. AGA-G, alpha 1-AT CL, and EmA had sensitivities of 73%, 73%, and 64%, respectively, with very high levels of specificity. Sensitivity was improved by the combination of two serological markers (AGA-G + alpha 1-AT CL = 91%; AGA-G + EmA = 82%; EmA + ARA = 82%). Furthermore, combination of EmA and ARA has shown the best specificity and positive predictive value. AGA-G, alpha 1-AT CL, and EmA are reliable individual markers for the detection of asymptomatic celiac sprue. However, a combination of two of them, including ARA, was more sensitive than the individual tests.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Severity of symptoms in chronically institutionalized geriatric schizophrenic patients.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to characterize the symptoms of geriatric, chronically ill, institutionalized schizophrenic patients and investigate age-related differences in schizophrenic symptoms and cognitive performance from early adulthood to late senescence. METHOD: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Mini-Mental State examination were used to assess the schizophrenic symptoms and cognitive performance, respectively, of 393 institutionalized schizophrenic patients stratified into seven groups designated by 10-year age intervals from 25 years to over 85 years. RESULTS: In the comparisons of the seven age groups, significant differences between groups in positive and negative subscale scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and in Mini-Mental State scores were revealed. Significant correlations between Mini-Mental State scores and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptom scores, but not positive symptom scores, were found for all age groups, except for the youngest patients studied. Current treatment with neuroleptics and prior treatment with ECT, insulin coma, or leukotomy could not account for the poor cognitive performance of the older schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The older schizophrenic patients continued to experience psychotic and nonpsychotic symptoms in senescence. Their positive symptoms were moderately less severe and their negative symptoms and cognitive impairment were significantly more severe than those of the younger patients. Somatic treatment appeared not to be responsible for the severe cognitive impairment and negative symptoms of the older patients. These data are relevant to chronically hospitalized geriatric schizophrenic patients but not necessarily to all geriatric schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗