Biomedical subjects

S Katsuno

Publications and source records attributed to S Katsuno.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Vestibulo-ocular reflex and visual vestibulo-ocular reflex during sinusoidal rotation in children.

To clarify the relationship between vestibular and visual (optokinetic) stimuli in normal children, we investigated the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visual VOR (VVOR). The subjects were 20 healthy children aged 3-6 years and 24 healthy adults aged 21-29 years. The VOR gains and phase were measured under two visual conditions: with eyes open in complete darkness and with eyes open in a lighted optokinetic drum. In both visual conditions, phase did not significantly differ between children and adults. In the dark, children presented a significantly larger gain than that of adults. In the optokinetic drum, however, the gain values of the children were almost the same as in adults. We suggest that the large VOR gain values of children may be due to immaturity of the inhibitory regulation system of the VOR.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Two cases of intrascrotal liposarcoma.

Liposarcomas in the scrotum are relatively rare and only 40 cases have previously been reported in Japan. The inside wall of the scrotum is an unusual origin and we report here two cases arising at this site that have been followed for 21 and 40 months, respectively, after surgical resection. Case 1: the patient was a 24-year-old male who noticed a left intrascrotal mass which was histologically demonstrated to be a myxoid type liposarcoma. Case 2: the patient was a 66-year-old male who had the complaint of a left intrascrotal swelling. He underwent radical orchiectomy and histologic examination of the resected tumor revealed a well-differentiated type of liposarcoma. These two cases are the 41st and 42nd intrascrotal liposarcomas reported in Japan.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Management of chronic orchialgia of unknown etiology.

The treatment of patients with chronic unilateral or bilateral orchialgia, defined as intermittent or constant testicular pain of greater than 3 months and of unclear cause, is difficult. This pain significantly interferes with the daily activities of the patient. We have seen 12 patients with chronic orchialgia of unknown etiology and each had a normal history, physical examination and normal scrotal sonogram. Three patients were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and obtained partial pain relief. Three patients underwent spermatic cord nerve blockade using a combination of 1% lidocaine and 40 mg methylprednisolone and experienced partial pain relief. Four patients underwent inguinal orchiectomy after failing conservative management: three reported complete relief of pain, and the other partial relief. Two patients had bilateral transrectal injections of local anesthetic (5 ml bupivacaine) and methylprednisolone into the region of the pelvic plexus under transrectal ultrasound guidance. They were successfully treated with this injection technique. On the basis of our results, we recommend transrectal blockade of nerves from the pelvic plexus or inguinal orchiectomy as the procedure of choice for patients in whom medical treatment fails.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[One stage ipsilateral vascular reconstruction of the carotid artery--distal or proximal limits at cervical operation].

Since 1990, in treating 10 cases with head and neck tumors which had invaded the carotid artery, the authors have performed vascular reconstruction of the carotid artery. The standard surgical procedure is en bloc resection of the tumor and carotid artery and one stage ipsilateral vascular reconstruction of the carotid artery at cervical operation using a temporary shunt tube. When the tumor is located in a distal or proximal cervical portion, craniotomy or thoracotomy is needed in addition to the usual surgical procedure. The author classifies one stage ipsilateral reconstruction of the carotid artery into four types, depending on the anastomotic site, and describes distal or proximal limits of this procedure at cervical operation. Type A: Cervical operation after partial resection of the carotid wall; Patch angioplasty or simple arteriorrhaphy. Type B: Cervical operation after round resection of the carotid wall; Common carotid-internal carotid artery graft interposition, etc. Type C: Using craniotomy in addition to the cervical operation; Common carotid-middle cerebral artery bypass, etc. Type D: Using thoracotomy in addition to the cervical operation; Transthoracic subclavian-internal carotid artery bypass, etc. The design of the operative technique and adjunct enable distal or proximal limits of this procedure to be expanded. It is necessary to discuss the limits of this procedure in each case. Selecting an adequate surgical procedure based on intraoperative findings requires close teamwork with neurosurgeons and thoracic surgeons.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Vascular reconstruction of the carotid artery--studies of a one stage ipsilateral reconstructive procedure].

Recent advance in vascular surgery have made vascular reconstruction of the carotid artery possible. Since 1990, the authors have performed en bloc resection of the carotid artery and vascular reconstruction of the carotid artery, using a temporary shunt tube, in 10 cases. Among these 10 cases of tumors involving the carotid artery, two cases had carotid body tumors and the other eight cases had metastatic lymph nodes from head and neck cancers. Transient motor paralysis occurred in three cases and disorientation in one after the operation. None has developed severe neurological complications such as death, coma or permanent hemiplegia. Despite preoperative irradiation, local infection was noted in only one case after the operation. Rupture of the vein graft was prevented by using a DP flap to cover dead space at the anastomotic site. The two patients with a carotid body tumor are alive without evidence of recurrence. Among eight patients with cancer, three are still alive and disease free (respectively 44, 30 and 16 months). Two patients died of local recurrence, two of distant metastasis and the other of acute heart failure. Local tumor control was possible in six out of eight patients. We were able to safely perform en bloc resection of the carotid artery and vascular reconstruction of the carotid artery using a temporary shunt tube. In conclusion, we anticipate increasing curability of advanced tumors involving the carotid artery using this procedure.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Serum estradiol levels in normal men and men with idiopathic infertility.

Serum estradiol levels were measured in 360 men attending an infertility clinic and 68 proven fertile men to determine whether estradiol measurements are clinically useful. The normal range of estradiol levels found in fertile men was 10-82 pg/ml. Serum concentrations of estradiol in azoospermic or oligozoospermic patients were significantly lower than those in normozoospermic men (p < 0.021). Serum concentrations of testosterone were also significantly decreased in infertile patients (p < 0.025). This decrease in serum estradiol may be partly due to reduced testosterone levels in these men because estradiol is mainly formed by peripheral aromatization of testosterone in fatty and muscle tissues. However, the exact mechanism for the decrease in the serum estradiol levels remains undetermined. It is concluded that serum estradiol levels are significantly low in the men with various testicular disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of a new polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in young patients with acute epididymitis].

Specimens from 15 young patients presenting with acute epididymitis were tested for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for other bacteria by standard laboratory techniques. C. trachomatis urethral infection was detected in 3 patients by an EIA test of the urethral swabs (20%) and in 13 patients by the PCR (87%). This difference in detection rate was statistically significant (p < 0.005). Thirteen specimens were positive by the PCR, but only three of them were positive by the EIA method. These findings indicate that the PCR assay is a highly sensitive assay for the detection of C. trachomatis in male urine specimens and provides a noninvasive technique for routine screening of chlamydia infection in the patient with acute epididymitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Serum inhibin levels in normal men and men with idiopathic infertility.

In vitro studies have shown that the Sertoli cell is the primary source of inhibin in the male. To assess the regulation of inhibin production we measured serum inhibin, FSH, LH and testosterone in 21 normal men and 104 men with various testicular disorders resulting in infertility. The infertile men were subdivided into groups on the basis of their mean sperm count, FSH and LH levels. The mean serum concentrations of inhibin in the normal men were 602 +/- 29 U/L and were significantly decreased in those groups with severe oligozoospermia (p < 0.01) or azoospermia (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). The FSH concentrations correlated inversely with serum inhibin concentrations (p < 0.001) in azoospermic men. Azoospermic men with high FSH had significantly lower inhibin and testosterone levels when compared with normal men (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Serum FSH concentrations were significantly increased in azoospermic men (p < 0.001). Our present results of serum concentrations of inhibin correlating inversely with those of FSH levels suggest that measurement of inhibin may be a useful circulating marker of Sertoli cell function.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Antibiotic and ejaculation treatments improve resolution rate of leukocytospermia in infertile men with prostatitis.

Leukocytospermia has been associated with notable adverse effects on semen parameters and sperm function. The present study was undertaken to identify men with leukocytospermia and prostatitis in an infertility population and assess the effects of various treatments. One million white blood cells (WBC)/ml semen was defined as leukocytospermia. An expressed prostatic fluid was analyzed for the presence of white blood cells. The presence of more than 10 WBCs/high power field on expressed prostatic secretion was needed for the diagnosis of prostatitis. Those men who had more than one million WBCs in their semen and more than 10 WBCs/high power field on expressed prostatic secretion were enrolled in this study. Of two hundred sixty-three men screened for the presence of leukocytospermia and prostatitis, forty-eight men met both criteria. They were blindly and randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received no treatment. Group 2 were treated with trimethoprim 80 mg-sulfamethoxazole 400 mg (TMP-SMX) orally twice per day for one month. Group 3 were treated not only with the same antibiotic regimen as group 2 but also were instructed to ejaculate frequently (at least once every three days) for one month. Significant resolution of leukocytospermia occurred in the order of patient groups 3 > 2 > 1 at one month. The resolution rate of leukocytospermia of each group was 76% in group 3, 56% in group 2 and 6.7% in group 1. The rates in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

The effect of varicocelectomy on testicular volume in infertile patients with varicoceles.

The presence of a varicocele has been associated with decrease in testicular volume both in adult and pediatric patients. However, a study on the effect of varicocelectomy on testicular volume in the adult varicocele patient has never been reported. We determined the testicular volume before and after varicocelectomy in 52 patients with varicocele. A significant increase in testicular volume with the right side showing a greater increase was observed (p < 0.05). No greater increase in testicular volume was noted among the patients who achieved a pregnancy with their spouses. In addition, the age of the patient did not correlate with the observed change in testicular volume. These results suggest that varicocele is clearly related to decreased testicular volume and that varicocelectomy can increase bilateral testis volume resulting in improved testicular function.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Successful in vitro fertilization and pregnancy by the micromanipulation with sperm from efferent duct retrieved by micropuncture technique in a patient with congenital absence of the vas deferens.

A case of successful in vitro microfertilization and pregnancy of 30-year-old woman with sperm from efferent duct retrieved by a micropuncture technique combined with perivascular nerve stimulation from a patient with congenital absence of the vas deferens is reported. Treatment of couples involving men with surgically unreconstructible vasal obstruction is now possible. Our experience indicates that sperm from the efferent duct retrieved by this new technique, when combined with assisted reproductive technologies, permit fertilization and subsequent pregnancy for the men with surgically irreparable vasal obstruction.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A case of sex reversal syndrome with sex-determining region (XX male).

We examined a 32-year-old man with a 4-year history of infertility. The man's sex life, male hair pattern, and penis were normal, and he had no history of erection problems. Left and right testicular volumes were 2 ml and 3 ml, respectively. Semen analysis showed no sperm. The endocrine panel revealed increased serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and a normal serum testosterone level. A testicular biopsy demonstrated that both Leydig cell and Sertoli cell hyperplasia were present, and that no germ cells were found in the tubules. A chromosome analysis done on the peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a karyotype of 46, XX. We identified the sex-determining region, Y, by polymerase chain reaction using Y-specific probes in this patient. The diagnosis was XX male.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Effects of varicocelectomy on testis volume and semen parameters in adolescents: a randomized prospective study.

Because the treatment of a varicocele in adolescents remains controversial, we undertook a prospective study in 51 male adolescents, aged 15-21 years, who were referred for a varicocele. Twenty-nine patients were treated with high retroperitoneal ligation of the left spermatic vein, and 22 were untreated. Eighteen healthy adolescent volunteers without a varicocele were also assessed. Testicular volume was measured using an orchiometer, and semen analyses were carried out at referral and after 1 year of follow-up. In addition, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Both patient groups had significantly smaller testis volumes than the controls at the outset. In the follow-up, the treated patients had testis volumes similar to those of the controls. Both testes increased significantly in volume after treatment. Although semen parameters were comparable in all groups initially, sperm concentration increased significantly after treatment of the varicocele. We concluded that varicocele treatment in adolescents leads to increased testis volume and a higher sperm concentration; however, whether early treatment will improve testicular function remains to be elucidated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Tympanometric changes following acute otitis media in Japanese children.

Using tympanometry we investigated potential changes in both middle ears developing during and after unilateral acute otitis media (AOM) in Japanese children. In 144 children with unilateral (AOM), tympanometry was performed at presentation and was repeated at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks and then every 2 weeks up to 12 weeks after entry into the study. Type B tympanograms were recorded in 81 (56%) of the affected ears and in 37 (26%) of the unaffected ears at presentation. Twelve weeks after AOM, the type B tympanogram was still observed in 21 (15%) of the affected ears and in 16 (11%) of the unaffected ears. Ears with type B changes at presentation showed a significantly slower recovery of middle ear ventilation than did those with either type A or type C1.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMed1994

Changes with aging in head and center of foot pressure sway in children.

To quantitate the development of equilibrium in children, we investigated movements of the head and of the center of foot pressure (COF) in standing subjects, using a cephalograph, a force measuring platform, and a technical computer. We studied 126 subjects, 105 healthy children, aged 4-18 years, and 21 adults, aged 20-28 years. Each subject stood with their feet together on a platform for 60 s each with eyes open or closed. The area and total length of head and COF movements decreased with increasing age, and were significantly greater in children under 12 years than in adults. The ratio of the lengths of head to COF movements was significantly larger in children under 9 years than in adults. The ratio of the anteroposterior to lateral movement of COF was also larger in children under 9 years. These observations suggested that body sway in children was not only larger than that in adults, but different in nature.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Vascular reconstruction of carotid artery invaded by extensive parotid gland carcinoma.

A 63-year-old male with the left parotid gland carcinoma was operated with the reconstruction of the left carotid artery after the left radical neck dissection. The greater saphenous vein was used for the vein graft between the left common carotid artery and the medial cerebral artery. Postoperatively, a temporary loss of consciousness and a half body paresis of the contralateral side occurred, but they were recovered completely in 12 hours. Postoperative angiography showed a good blood flow in the reconstructed vessel.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Bilateral carcinomas of the maxillary sinus.

We report a 68-year-old male with a rare case of synchronous bilateral carcinomas of the maxillary sinus. A CT scan revealed a large tumour mass that extruded from the left maxillary sinus; tissue of soft density filled the right antrum which had intact bony walls. A probe antrostomy on the right side disclosed a tumour which was diagnosed histologically as the same poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma as that in the left antrum. The incidence and aetiology of this disorder are presented, and its diagnosis and management are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Effects of physical exercise and cold stimulation on serum testosterone level in men.

The concentrations of testosterone (TS) and other related hormones in serum were examined before and after physical exercise with a bicycle ergometer (90 Watts, 20 min.) and a cold water stimulation in 32 19-year-old males. While exercising, the serum TS level significantly increased by 20.8% (p less than 0.05), the luteinizing hormone (LH) level by 3.6% (p less than 0.05) and noradrenaline (NA) level by 140.0% (p less than 0.01). During cold water stimulation, TS decreased by 10.0%, LH increased by 22.1% and NA decreased by 23.8%. Based on changes in hormone levels within the individual during the loads. there was a significant positive correlation coefficient (r) between TS and LH, and between TS and NA, with r (TS-LH) = 0.399 (p less than 0.05) and r (TS-NA) = 0.481 (p less than 0.05) for physical exercise, while r (TS-LH) = 0.403 (p less than 0.05) and r (TS-NA) = 0.431 (p less than 0.05) for cold water stimulation, respectively. These results suggest that physical exercise increases TS level in serum by increasing LH and NA levels, but these tendencies were not found with cold water stimulation.

Adult↗