Eicosapentaenoic acid and apoplexy. Influence of EPA loading on SHRSP.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Kato
Publications and source records attributed to S Kato.
Retrograde adriamycin sensory ganglionectomy: novel approach for the treatment of intractable pain.
Selective sensory ganglionectomy by means of retrograde suicide transport of adriamycin was performed on 3 patients with neuropathic pain in the areas of the trigeminal and intercostal nerves, producing significant pain relief, particularly from hyperalgesic pain. Adriamycin ganglionectomy is considered as a less invasive and highly selective pain treatment, which may possibly become an alternative for surgical ganglionectomy or rhizotomy.
Aged↗
[The behavior of 1,4-benzodiazepine drugs in acidic media. XVI. Estimation of cis/trans isomer ratio of benzodiazepinooxazoles using nuclear magnetic resonance shift reagent].
The ratio of cis/trans isomers (referring to 11b-substituent and 2- or 3-substituent) of benzodiazepinooxazoles was estimated by using the lanthanide shift reagent (Eu(fod)3-d27) for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The amide carbonyl oxygen at 6-position is considered to coordinate with the reagent, because the largest downfield shifts were observed at the amide carbonyl carbon (C-6) in 13C-NMR and the amide hydrogen (H-7) in 1H-NMR. The ratios depend largely on the substituents at 11b-, 2-, and 3-positions. The cis isomer for compounds having 11b-hydrogen increases with an increase in the bulkiness of the substituents at 2-position. The cis isomer for compounds having 3-methyl group decreases with change from 11b-2'-chlorophenyl group (mexazolam) to 11b-hydrogen.
Benzodiazepines↗
Heterogeneity of Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen glycoproteins in different species animal sera.
A heterophilic Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigen is present in many animal sera except human and chicken sera. To visualize the antigenic molecules, nine species animal and human sera were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, followed by Western blotting and immunostaining with avain anti-N-glycolylneuraminyl-lactosyl ceramide antibody which recognizes the terminal N-glycolylneuraminic acid moiety of glycoconjugates as an epitope of the HD antigen. Several HD antigen-active glycoprotein bands were detected in the sera of fetal calf, calf, horse, goat, monkey, rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse, except for human serum. The HD antigenic proteins showed heterogeneities in their molecular weights and were not identical with any major band visualized with silver-staining, indicating that they are minor components of serum proteins in each animal. Neuraminidase treatment destroyed the antigenicity of all proteins, confirming that N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) at the non-reducing terminal of carbohydrate chains is the antigenic epitope in serum glycoprotein molecules as already confirmed in glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigens. The finding of HD-antigenic glycoproteins in animal sera suggests that they also stimulate HD antibody production in patients who received animal antiserum for therapeutic aim.
Animals↗
[Breeding of cataract rat strain (ICRF/Kmu//Yg)].
A inbred strain, ICRF, which can be used as a model of both human cataract and epilepsy is described. The strain was bred from the ICR cataractous rat (Ihara, 1983). The original ICR strain showed bilateral cataract on 11-12 weeks of age, but the cataractous syndrome frequently disappeared during life. In the new ICRF strain the cataractous syndrome continued through the life, as shown by primary investigation of 38 males and 32 females. Besides cataract, severe epilepsy-like seizures were observed in 90% of the males. Seizures were rare in females (3%). The life span of the ICRF rats was short, 58% of the males and 6% of the females died before 52 weeks of age.
Animals↗
Dose dependency of intratracheal elastase-induced changes in pressure volume curve and morphometry in rat lungs.
We studied the dose-dependency of the lung pressure-volume curve (n = 37) and morphometry (n = 30) with intratracheally administered elastase. Four weeks after elastase was instilled at dosages of 20 (EL-20), 40, 80, and 100 U/100 g wt., chord compliance between 50 and 70% of total lung capacity (TLC) (C50-70) and that between 80 and 100% TLC (C80-100) were measured. After a significant initial reduction, the weight of the EL-80 group recovered to the control level, whereas the weight curve of the EL-100 significantly decreased below that of the EL-80. Lung volumes of all the elastase-treated groups were significantly larger than those of control. Air-filled lung volumes monotonously increased when the elastase dose was increased from 20 to 80 U/100 g wt. In contrast lung volume of the EL-100 was significantly lower than that of the EL-80. On the other hand, liquid-filled lung volumes monotonously increased from 20 to 100 U/100 g wt. C80-100 was significantly smaller in the EL-100 than in the EL-80. The mean linear intercept increased and alveolar surface area decreased monotonously over the dose range tested. We conclude that there is a critical dose of elastase below which lung volume is increased and above which the increase is suppressed when elastase is administered intratracheally to Wistar rats.
Animals↗
Pulmonary vascular response to acetylcholine in isolated rat lungs treated with intratracheal bleomycin.
We tested the hypothesis that during alveolar hypoxia the vasodilator response to acetylcholine (ACh) is impaired in lungs injured by intratracheal bleomycin. Isolated rat lungs were ventilated with normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (2% O2) gas and perfused with homologous blood. The effect of ACh on pulmonary vascular resistance was estimated during ongoing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPVC) after the temporal pattern of HPVC was established. The magnitude of the decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly smaller in the bleomycin-treated group (group B, n = 7) than in the saline-treated group (group S, n = 7) (p less than 0.05). The magnitude of HPVC itself did not differ between groups. The pulmonary vascular reactivities to angiotensin II and KCl were similar in the two groups (group S, n = 4, group B, n = 5). At any given transpulmonary pressure the lung volumes of group B (n = 5) were significantly smaller than those of group S (n = 4) (p less than 0.01). We conclude that vascular dilation in response to ACh during ongoing HPVC was impaired in bleomycin-injured rat lungs.
Acetylcholine↗
Enzyme-histochemical demonstration of intralobular lymphatic vessels in the mouse thymus.
Intralobular lymphatic vessels in the mouse thymus were demonstrated enzyme-histochemically by combined light and electron microscopy. In sections reacting to both 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), the intralobular lymphatic vessels were identified as irregularly shaped spaces with strong 5'-Nase activity. The lymphatic vessels were closely associated with the branches of ALPase-positive intralobular arteries and veins. The initial lymphatics, which presumably originate from the perivascular spaces, were 5'-Nase positive. The distribution and intensity of the 5'-Nase activity in the lymphatic vessels revealed by light microscopy correlated well with those by backscattered image electron microscopy. The backscattered image scanning electron microscopy of the same area as observed under a light microscope more clearly highlighted the peculiar contours of lymphatic endothelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that specific reaction product of the 5'-Nase after incubation in a medium containing L-tetramisole was predominantly localized on the outer surface of the lymphatic endothelial cell membranes.
5'-Nucleotidase↗
Enzyme-histochemical identification of lymphatic vessels by light and backscattered image scanning electron microscopy.
The walls of lymphatics are characterized by strong 5'-nucleotidase activity, whereas those of blood capillaries reveal significantly lower or no activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity, on the other hand, is markedly higher in blood capillaries than in lymphatic vessels. On the basis of such characteristics, lymphatics and blood capillaries were distinguished histochemically in rat stomach using 5'-nucleotidase-alkaline phosphatase double staining. The distribution and intensity of lead-demonstrated 5'-nucleotidase activity in lymphatic vessels could be determined by comparing the images of the same histochemically stained cryostat section as seen by light and backscattered image scanning electron microscopy. The specificity of the 5'-nucleotidase reaction was obtained by inhibiting nonspecific alkaline phosphatase by including L-tetramisole in the 5'-nucleotidase incubation medium. The products of the 5'-nucleotidase activity were deposited on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the lymphatic endothelial cells.
5'-Nucleotidase↗
[Clinical study on recurrence of urinary tract lithiasis of ESWL].
During the 4 year period from September 1, 1984 through August 31, 1988, a total of 1,866 patients with calculi of the urinary tract (125 patients had bilateral calculi) were subjected to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with a DORNIER HM3 ESWL apparatus. Follow-up was performed factor 1,056 cases 3 or more months after complete elimination of the calculi, and data were obtained for 343 of them. Lithiasis was found to have recurred after ESWL in 30 cases, with a recurrence rate of 11.1%. Recurrence was seen in 16.9% of cases with multiple calculi and 6.5% of cases with a single calculus. The difference was statistically significant. Surgical removed of calculi or spontaneous discharge of calculi had been experienced in 50.0% of the recurrent cases and 27.8% of the non recurrent cases. The difference was also statistically significant. Stone size, stone location and urinary tract infection were unrelated to the recurrence.
Adult↗
N-protected tripeptide inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Effects of anti-androgens on sexual function. Double-blind comparative studies on allylestrenol and chlormadinone acetate Part I: Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring].
Allylestrenol (ALE) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) were administered to patients with prostatomegaly by the double-blind method, and the effects of these antiandrogens on their sexual function were objectively compared. Each agent was orally administered to 58 patients in a dosage of 50 mg/day for 12 consecutive weeks. For the objective evaluation of the sexual function, nocturnal penil tumescence (NPT) was measured using an erectometer. For the subjective evaluation the conventional interview method was employed. The levels of hormones relating to sexual function were also determined. A decrease in NPT was noted in both the ALE and CMA groups, but the degree of the decrease was significantly smaller in the ALE group than in the CMA group (p less than 0.001). The results of the interview, revealed a large between the two drug groups; in the CMA group, marked worsening for all items. In the determination of hormones, levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and estradiol were decreased in both drug groups, while the prolactin level was increased in both groups. The changes in the testosterone, estradiol and prolactin levels in the CMA group were significantly dominant compared with those in the ALE group. In addition, drop-out cases due to a decrease in the sexual function numbered 7 (12.1%) in the CMA group, while there were no such drop-out cases in the ALE group; the difference in the drop-out rate was thus significant. In conclusion, ALE's effects on the sexual function were concluded to be smaller than those of CMA.
Aged↗
[Effects of anti-androgens on sexual function. Double-blind comparative studies on allylestrenol and chlormadinone acetate. Part II: Self-assessment questionnaire method].
Allylestrenol (ALE) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) were administered to patients with prostatomegaly by the double-blind method, and a self-assessment questionnaire method developed by the authors was used to study the influence of these two antiandrogens on their sexual function. Each test drug was orally administered to 58 patients, in a daily dosage of 50 mg for 12 consecutive weeks. The questionnaires consisted of 6 categories each consisting of 5 questions, or 30 questions in total. The 6 categories were "sexual desire," "erectile capacity" and "ejaculation," which relate to the sexual function, and "living environment (including the frequency of sex)," "dysuria" and "dummy (personality)." Each question was graded into 0-10 points, and each patient was requested to circle the number which best described his status. The scores were compiled and statistically analyzed. Many patients were senile. Evaluable answers were obtained for 99 (85.3%) of the 116 patients. Factor analysis based on the preadministration scores confirmed the contents of the questionnaires to be appropriate for the objectives of the present study. Multiple regression analysis revealed a high correlation between the self-assessment scores and objective data (nocturnal penile tumescence values; NPT values) when dropout cases due to a decrease in the sexual function and non-replying cases were excluded. The self-assessment questionnaire method was concluded to be as useful an objective test method as the NPT measurement for examining the sexual function. Aggravation of the "frequency of urination during night" was conspicuous in the CMA group, and there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in this parameter between the two groups. Except for this parameter, dysuria was improved in both administration groups, and there was no significant difference in the efficacy of the two drugs. Both drugs tended to suppress overall sexual function, but the suppression was less severe in the ALE group. Especially the suppression was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in the ALE group regarding the 3 parameters of "contact sexual arousal," "contact erection" and "morning erection", which are included in the category of "sexual desire" or "erectile capacity." Also, suppression of "frequency of sex" and "intensity of sexual desire" tended to be lower in the ALE group at a level of significance of p less than 0.1. Regarding questions in the category of "ejaculation," the incidence of non-replies was high in both groups, but its rate was higher in the CMA group.
Adult↗
Increased numbers of CD8+CD11+, CD8+CD11- and CD8+Leu7+ cells in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 25 allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients were studied serially using flow cytometry and two colour analysis. Fourteen patients were transplanted for haematologic malignancies, eight for aplastic anaemia, two for congenital immunodeficiencies and one for Morquio's disease. All patients were alive more than 100 days post-grafting; nine patients had chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Dual labelling with monoclonal antibodies, CD4/2H4, CD4/4B4, CD8/CD11, CD8/HLA-DR and CD8/Leu 7 was used to analyse the surface phenotypes of lymphocytes. The population of CD4+2H4+ cells was decreased, and CD8+CD11+, CD8+CD11- and CD8+Leu7+ cells were markedly increased in patients with chronic GVHD. The increase of CD8+CD11+, CD8+CD11- and CD8+Leu7+ cells closely correlated with clinical signs of chronic GVHD in each patient. These results suggest that CD8+ cells may play an important role in effector and/or suppressor mechanisms of chronic GVHD and could be used as an indicator of need for and response to treatment.
Adolescent↗
[Effects of vitamin E deficiency on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in hamsters].
We examined the effect of free radicals on lung defense mechanism in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in hamsters. The concentration of vitamin E (VE) in the lung tissue increased significantly after intratracheal BLM administration. VE deficient hamsters showed increased lipid peroxide values in the lung tissue at a very early stage after BLM treatment. This was followed by decreased superoxide dismutase activities in the lung tissue. The results indicate that; 1) VE appears to be necessary for the prevention of lipid peroxidation in BLM-induced oxidant lung injury, 2) VE deficiency produces a large number of free radicals at the early stage after BLM treatment, and might induce protease-antiprotease imbalance within the lung, which probably causes an emphysematous change in the BLM-treated lung at a late stage after BLM administration.
Animals↗
Application of backscattered electron imaging to enzyme histochemistry of lymphatic capillaries.
A backscattered electron imaging (BEI) in scanning electron microscope (SEM) was applied to the observation of lymphatic capillaries on cryostat-cut tissue blocks of monkey stomachs with enzyme-histochemical method. The differentiation of the lymphatics from blood capillaries was established on cryostat sections using 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase)-alkaline phosphatase double-staining method. On the tissue surface, 5'-Nase-positive lymphatic capillary walls were seen as highlights with good contrast and resolution by the BEI. A pair of the backscattered and secondary electron imaging in the same area clearly reveals the correlation between the enzyme activity and surface structure of the tissue. Observation of stereo-pairs of the BEIs increases the information on the three-dimensional architecture of lymphatic capillaries. The present study demonstrates the applicability of the BEI of 5'-Nase reaction to SEM histochemistry of lymphatic capillaries stained with heavy metal.
5'-Nucleotidase↗
[Bone marrow transplantation for girls with aplastic anemia utilizing modified field of total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide: with emphasis on the field of pelvic cavity].
A preparative regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, consisting of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) with 750 cGy and cyclophosphamide (CY), was used in five girls with aplastic anemia. All patients received bone marrow from HLA matched/mixed lymphocyte culture negative siblings. In our regimen the "inverted Y" field to irradiate the pelvic nodes was modified, which did not include the whole pelvic cavity in an attempt to protect the ovaries from irradiation. Although some of the pelvic nodes was supported not to be irradiated in order to protect the ovaries, engraftment occurred in all five patients including four who had been transfused prior to transplantation. All five are alive from 47 days to 1378 days (median 285 days) after transplantation without transplantation-associated complications. The calculated dose to the ovaries was sixteen percent of the entire dose of the regimen. Both of the two evaluable patients that had received transplantation just before or during the puberty are developing normal sex maturity including menstruation. This study suggests that our preparative regimen is effective not only for engraftment of the donor marrow but also for protecting the ovaries from irradiation.
Adolescent↗