Biomedical subjects

S Kataoka

Publications and source records attributed to S Kataoka.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Plasma levels of carboxy terminal propeptide of type I procollagen and pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen in healthy school children.

The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship of the plasma levels of the carboxy terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide domains of type I collagen (ICTP) to age and height velocity (HV), and to compare PICP and ICTP levels in those who have not reached their final height with those who have. PICP and ICTP levels were measured by RIA in 271 healthy children (161M, 110F) aged from 10 to 15 y. The HV was calculated from their health check-up cards. The subjects were divided into two groups in this study: the final height (FH) group whose HV was <1.0 cm/y, and the non-final height (NFH) group whose HV in the last year was > or =1.0 cm/y. PICP and ICTP levels almost paralleled the values of age-related changes of HV. Furthermore PICP and ICTP levels significantly correlated with HV. PICP and ICTP levels of the FH group were higher than those of adults previously reported. The values will be useful as reference for healthy children and growth disorder. Before reaching final height, PICP and ICTP can be useful makers of not only bone turnover but also of linear growth. Bone turnover rate is still increasingly active just after linear growth has been completed, and then it become similar to the levels of adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

The increase of memory T cell subsets in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Two-color and three-color flow cytometry was carried out to determine whether the memory T cells (CD45RO+ T cells) play a major role in lymphocyte dysfunction of 26 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The INS patients were divided into three groups: (1) 10 patients who were not receiving glucocorticoid hormone (GCH) and were suffering from acute nephrotic state were referred to as N1; (2) 8 patients who were in remission maintained by GCH therapy alone were referred to as N2; (3) 8 patients who were free of GCH therapy for at least 4 months were referred to as N3. Group N1 demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of CD45RO+CD4+ T cells and CD45RO+CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05) compared with 11 controls, and these subsets were noted to have a tendency to decrease to control levels in groups N2 and N3. Furthermore, interleukin-2 receptor-alpha expressed subsets in CD45RO+CD4+ T cells (CD45RO+CD4+CD25+ T cells) were also increased only in group N1 (p < 0.02). A similar tendency of absolute counts was observed in these subsets. These results suggest that activated memory T cells reflect lymphocyte dysfunction at initial onset or relapse in INS children.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1998

Radiation kills human peripheral T cells by a Fas-independent mechanism.

The mechanism by which radiation induces human peripheral T cell apoptosis is not known. We examined sequential changes in post-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC(S)) taken from normal volunteers, by using flow-cytometer and an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, annexin V, propidium iodide, anti-Fas antibody, and anti-Fas ligand antibody. After 5 or 10 Gy of irradiation with a 60Co radiation therapy unit, most of the human peripheral T cells showed positivity against annexin V in 15 h, and positivity against propidium iodide in 23 h after irradiation. On a microscopy-video system, approximately 80% of mononuclear cells revealed apoptotic changes in 24 h after irradiation. Because of its proposed role in activation-induced cytotoxicity, we also examined the Fas (CD95/Apo-1) pathway in killing T cells by irradiation. Irradiated PBMC, displayed no increase in surface Fas expression and caspase-3 activity relative to non-irradiated cells. In addition, the anti-Fas ligand failed to eliminate the apoptotic death of PBMC, after irradiation. These results suggest that irradiation induces direct apoptosis of T cells by a Fas-independent mechanism.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1998

Cytotoxicity of Fas ligand against lymphoma cells with radiation-induced Fas antigen.

Fas antigen, also termed APO-1 or CD95, is a transmembrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily which mediates apoptosis upon oligomerization. The Fas/Fas ligand system is considered to be a key regulator of apoptosis. Recently, we have demonstrated that Fas antigen expression is induced by low-dose irradiation of some types of lymphomas, and we also demonstrated that irradiation-induced Fas antigen expression increased with the passage of time until peaking at 48 h after irradiation in CML-C1, CML-C2, DL-40, and DL-95 cell lines. In this study, we also examined the potential cytotoxicity of Fas ligand peptide against several types of lymphoma/leukemia cell lines that showed induction of Fas antigen expression under irradiation. Flow cytometry analysis was performed at 6, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. Samples (1 x10(6) cells/ml) from irradiated and non-irradiated cells of each cell line were incubated with or without 5 microg/ml of Fas ligand peptide for 2 h at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) in air. The killing effect of Fas ligand against cell lines of CML-C1, DL-40, and DL-95 were clearly identified as the percentage of cells with Fas antigen expression induced by irradiation. Concerning HD-70 cell line, for which soluble Fas antigen has been identified, the killing effects were clearly observed in samples pre-treated with PBS washings. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a possible application of the Fas/Fas ligand system in treatment of certain types of malignancies in which Fas antigen is inducible by irradiation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1998

[Studies of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--treatment results with the CCLSG NHL 960 protocol. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG)].

We report here on the preliminary treatment findings of a CCLSG NHL 960 study that was initiated in March 1996. In this study, 37 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were assigned to 4 different treatment groups according to disease stage and histology: (1) localized disease; (2) advanced disease, lymphoblastic type; (3) advanced disease, large cell type; and (4) advanced disease, Burkitt type. The first three groups received the modified protocols of the NHL 890 study. Groups 1 and 3 received COPADM induction therapy (CPM, VCR, PRD, ADR, and MTX). After achieving remission, Group 1 received only maintenance therapy consisting of alternate administration of 7 drugs, while Group 3 received additional intensification therapy with combination chemotherapy consisting of MTX and Ara-C, followed by a maintenance phase involving the administration of 9 drugs. Group 2 received COPADL induction therapy (CPM, VCR, PRD, ADR, and LASP) and consolidation/intensification therapies followed by a maintenance phase. Group 4 received short-term intensive COPADM polychemotherapy. Twelve patients with localized with localized disease (stage I-II) and 25 patients with advanced disease (stage III-IV) were enrolled in this study. Except for 2 patients in the advanced disease stages who died earlier in the course of the study, all patients remained in remission.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[A case of giant advanced breast cancer responding remarkably to chemo-endocrine therapy chiefly with doxifluridine].

A 68-year-old woman presented with advanced ulcerative breast cancer of the precordium; edema of the face, cervix and bilateral upper extremities; dyspnea from carcinomatous pleurisy; and multiple bone metastases, which suggested a terminal state. Her general condition improved with symptomatic therapies; thus, doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) and an endocrine therapeutic drug were given to reduce the primary focus, eliminate the edemas and decrease the plural effusion. When the tumor markers increased again, CEFT therapy [cyclophosphamide (CPA), epirubicin (epi-ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and tamoxifen (TAM)] was conducted. This resulted in no adverse drug reaction, further reduction of the primary focus, and extremely improved Performance status (PS). The patient was discharged on 5'-DFUR and TAM therapy, which resulted in scarring of the ulcer, normalization of tumor marker levels, disappearance of the pleural effusion, and a reduction of metastatic bone foci. The findings suggest 5'-DFUR and endocrine therapeutic drugs can have a favorable clinical effect without impacting QOL and should be employed in patients with advanced cancer and poor general condition.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

High fat, high cholesterol diets alter low density lipoprotein size and binding affinity in monkeys.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various dietary fats on low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding in an in vitro system where receptor number is not regulated. Cynomolgus monkeys were fed diets containing 37% of energy from fat, with various degrees of saturation, and 0.4 mg/kcal cholesterol or low-fat (13% of energy), low cholesterol (0.03 mg/kcal) chow. Plasma LDL was isolated after 16 weeks. The fatty acid composition of LDL showed enrichment corresponding to the dietary fats consumed, and the high fat, high cholesterol diets produced marked hypercholesterolemia compared to chow feeding. Of those fed the high fat diets, monkeys fed the fish oil diet had the highest LDL cholesterol concentrations, 13.25 +/- 0.77 mmol/l, while those fed the safflower oil diet had the lowest, 7.51 +/- 3.31. LDL from chow fed monkeys had the lowest binding affinity; the Kd was 26.2 +/- 8.7 microg/ml, nearly twice that of the high fat diets (P = 0.003). No significant differences in binding were found between the different high fat diets, although there was a trend toward lower affinity in the diets enriched in polyunsaturated fat. LDL size was affected by diet with chow fed monkeys having the smallest average LDL, 259.3 +/- 1.7 A compared to the other groups (P = 0.03). Monkeys fed the fish oil diet tended to have smaller LDL, but this was not significantly different from the other high fat diets. Binding affinity was correlated with LDL size, r = 0.54, P < 0.01. LDL composition, as measured by apo B/cholesterol ratio, was altered by feeding a high fat, high cholesterol diet. The ratio was reduced in the LDL samples from monkeys fed the high fat diets compared to those fed chow, but this ratio was not significantly correlated with binding. Thus, it appears that increasing dietary fat and cholesterol intake increases LDL size and binding affinity, such that LDL metabolism may be altered independently from effects on receptor number; the type of dietary fat does not seem to influence this process when fat and cholesterol content is very high.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

The molecular interaction of Fas and FAP-1. A tripeptide blocker of human Fas interaction with FAP-1 promotes Fas-induced apoptosis.

Fas (APO-1/CD95), which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a cell surface receptor that induces apoptosis. A protein tyrosine phosphatase, Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), that was previously identified as a Fas binding protein interacts with the C-terminal 15 amino acids of the regulatory domain of the Fas receptor. To identify the minimal region of the Fas C-terminal necessary for binding to FAP-1, we employed an in vitro inhibition assay of Fas/FAP-1 binding using a series of synthetic peptides as well as a screen of random peptide libraries by the yeast two-hybrid system. The results showed that the C-terminal three amino acids (SLV) of human Fas were necessary and sufficient for its interaction with the third PDZ (GLGF) domain of FAP-1. Furthermore, the direct cytoplasmic microinjection of this tripeptide (Ac-SLV) resulted in the induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis in a colon cancer cell line that expresses both Fas and FAP-1. Since t(S/T)X(V/L/I) motifs in the C termini of several other receptors have been shown to interact with PDZ domain in signal transducing molecules, this may represent a general motif for protein-protein interactions with important biological functions.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed1997

High incidence of angiotensin I converting enzyme genotype II in Kawasaki disease patients with coronary aneurysm.

UNLABELLED: A 287 base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 16 of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction in 36 Kawasaki disease patients (16 without coronary aneurysm, 20 with coronary aneurysm). A polymorphism in the ACE gene was characterized by three genotypes: two D alleles (genotype DD), two I alleles (genotype II), and heterozygous allele (genotype DI). Genotype II was found in 65% of the patients with aneurysm and 12.5% of those without aneurysm (P < 0.01, odds ratio 13.0, 95% confidence intervals). CONCLUSION: Patients with Kawasaki disease and coronary aneurysm more often than expected had the genotype II suggesting that reactions induced by the type of ACE polymorphism predispose to coronary aneurysm formation.

Age of Onset↗

PubMed1997

Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced mouse forestomach neoplasia and reduction of H2O2 concentration in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes by flavour components of Japanese-style fermented soy sauce.

Previously it was reported that 4-hydroxy-2 (or 5)-ethyl-5 (or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF), a characteristic flavour component of Japanese-style fermented soy sauce that exhibits antioxidant activity, inhibits benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in mice. The antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities of other structurally similar soy sauce flavour components are now reported. 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HMF) and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) were found to be antioxidants. In particular, HMF and HDMF (as well as HEMF) reduced hydrogen peroxide concentration in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes stimulated by arachidonic acid or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. HMF and HDMF were administered individually in semipurified diet to female ICR mice previously treated with benzo[a]pyrene (1.5 mg/wk, orally for 4 wk) to initiate forestomach neoplasia. The mice were killed at 30 wk of age. Both furanones reduced forestomach neoplasms, with HDMF exhibiting more potency. The data indicate that HDMF and HMF, like HEMF, inhibit carcinogenesis in this system by acting at the post-initiation stage.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Serum level and gene polymorphism of angiotensin I converting enzyme in Japanese children.

The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene in Japanese children. In addition, the relationship between this polymorphism and serum ACE levels in the same population were analyzed. Insertion/deletion polymorphism located in intron 16 of the ACE gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction in Japanese children aged 10-15 years. Allele frequencies were 0.64 for the insertion allele and 0.36 for the deletion allele in 122 subjects. No association was found between genotypes in this polymorphism and the level of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. A significant relationship between this polymorphism and serum ACE activity was observed. These results suggest that interindividual variability of serum ACE level is strongly influenced by the ACE genotype as early as in childhood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

High-dose dexamethasone therapy for a 14-month-old boy with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

A 14-month-old boy with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), who was successfully treated with pulsed high-dose oral dexamethasone therapy is reported. The platelet count increased after six scheduled courses of treatment (10 mg/day x 4 days, six courses). Twenty-four months later, the platelet count remained over 10.0 x 10(4)/microL. No obvious side effects were observed during or after the therapy. This treatment could be taken into consideration not only for adults but also for young children with refractory ITP. It is effective, safe, easy to administer, patient comfort is taken into consideration, and hospitalization duration and costs are minimized.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗

PubMed1997

Inhibition of PDGF-mediated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by calcium antagonists.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The mechanism by which calcium antagonists (CAs) inhibit proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of four CAs (clentiazem, verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine) on signal transduction pathways activated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). To determine these effects, the levels of inositol phosphates (IPs), protein kinase C (PKC), and the induction of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) were measured. METHODS: The mitogenic effect of PDGF on VSMCs was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA. IP production was monitored by [3H]myo-inositol incorporation. PKC activation was determined by measurement of myristoylated, alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) phosphorylation in digitonin-permeabilized VSMCs. The induction of AP-1 complex was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. RESULTS: Each CA significantly inhibited the [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in unstimulated cells. Similar significant decreases in [3H]thymidine incorporation by CAs were observed when cells were stimulated by rPDGF-BB. The phosphorylation of MARCKS mediated by rPDGF-BB was significantly reduced by each CA. Clentiazem and verapamil significantly reduced the expression of AP-I induced by rPDGF-BB (P < .01, P < .05). Clentiazem also significantly reduced the expression of AP-1 induced by rPDGF-AB (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: PDGF-mediated proliferation of VSMCs correlates with activation of PKC but not with induction of the AP-1 complexes. In addition, our results suggest that CAs block proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting DNA synthesis, possibly via PKC.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Paramedian pontine infarction. Neurological/topographical correlation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There have been few reports of pontine syndromes secondary to paramedian pontine infarctions. To clarify the clinicotopographical correlation and prognosis of paramedian pontine infarct syndromes, we analyzed the clinical signs and their association with MRI findings. METHODS: We studied 49 patients with acute paramedian pontine infarcts and classified them into three subtypes on the basis of lesion location on MRI. Patient clinical status was assessed by Rankin Disability Scale (RDS) scores on admission and at 60 days after onset of stroke. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had basal infarcts. Clinical findings included dysarthria (n = 27), hemiparesis with upper extremity predominance (n = 15), brachial monoparesis (n = 4), and pathological laughing (n = 3). Fifteen patients had basal-tegmental infarcts. Clinical findings presented with hemiparesis and horizontal gaze abnormalities, including abducens nerve palsy (n = 1), internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) (n = 5), horizontal gaze palsy (n = 1), one-and-a-half syndrome (n = 1), and superficial or proprioceptive sensory dysfunction (n = 8). Seven patients had tegmental infarcts. Clinical findings included INO (n = 1), horizontal gaze palsy (n = 2), one-and-a-half syndrome (n = 3), and sensory changes (n = 2). On both admission and 60 days later, the RDS scores of the patients with upper pontine lesions were significantly better than those with lower pontine lesions (P < .01). The RDS scores of the patients with basal-tegmental infarct in the upper pons were significantly better than those with infarct in the lower pons (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS: Paramedian pontine infarcts, which are usually due to thrombosis of perforating arteries, presented with a faciobrachial dominant hemiparesis with dysarthria, somatosensory disturbance, and horizontal gaze abnormalities. The favorable outcome may be related to the level of the pontine lesion, which influences the effect on the corticospinal tract.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Measurement of erythrocyte volumes in splenectomized horses and sham-operated horses at rest and during maximal exercise.

Erythrocyte volumes of thoroughbred horses were measured. The volumes of splenectomized horses and sham-operated horses 2 hr after injection of 50Cr-tagged erythrocytes (at rest) and during maximal exercise were measured using the non-radioactive isotope 50Cr. Because splenic erythrocytes are released into circulation during exercise, it was estimated that the erythrocyte volumes of the sham-operated horses during maximal exercise are larger than those of the horses at rest. However, the erythrocyte volumes of the sham-operated horses at rest were about equal to those during maximal exercise. In the splenectomized horses, furthermore, erythrocyte volumes at rest and those at exercise were nearly equal. From these results, blood stored in the equine spleen is gradually mixed with circulating blood, and it was clarified that the phenomenon was completed within 2 hr. Although it is basically impossible to measure the circulating erythrocyte volume at rest using the erythrocyte tagged method, we observed that it is possible to measure the total erythrocyte volume using the 50Cr method. Also, the plasma volumes of the splenectomized horses during maximal exercise were found to be slightly smaller than those at rest. On the other hand, in the sham-operated horses, the plasma was decreased by a large quantity after maximal exercise. Therefore, it was suggested that the spleen participates in the phenomenon involving the disappearance of plasma from circulation due to exercise.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Investigation of the usefulness of CYFRA 21-1 as a tumor marker in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck].

It has been demonstrated that CYFRA 21-1 (ELISA kit), which recognizes the soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment, is useful for assessing circulating tumor antigens in sera of patients with lung cancer. In this study, we compared the clinical significance of this new marker with the established squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag), using sera from patients with head and neck malignant disease, healthy controls, and supernatants of established cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. The subjects were: Group A, 39 patients with malignant disease of the head and neck. Group B, 11 patients considered to be tumor-free after treatment. Group C, 67 patients with benign disease or healthy volunteers. Culture supernatants: 11 cell lines established from squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag of group A were significantly higher than those of group C. This finding suggests that CYFRA 21-1 is useful as a tumor marker as well as SCC Ag. CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag levels of patients in group A at the early and progressive stages of disease were comparable to the levels in group C. Both tumor markers are therefore useful for diagnosis of in the early stage of cancer. We attempted to set a cut-off level of CYFRA 21-1. The sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 is higher than that of SCC Ag, especially in patients in the early stage of the disease. This finding indicates that the CYFRA 21-1 is preferable to SCC Ag as a tumor marker for the diagnosis of patients even in the early stages of malignant disease. The levels of CYFRA 21-1 in culture supernatants derived from tumor cell lines are higher than those of SCC Ag in all cell lines. The levels of CYFRA 21-1 are measurable, with levels varying with the cell line. There appears to be no correlation between the level of CYFRA 21-1 and the character of the cell lines, but this issue remains to be further investigated.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Development of anti cancer drugs targeted on Fas-mediated apoptosis signal].

The elimination of tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is, in part, executed by inducing apoptosis through the cell surface antigen Fas on the target cells. There are many cancer cells that resist Fas-mediated apoptosis. To elucidate the mechanism of this resistance is very important to understand the process of tumor development. We focused on FAP-1 (Fas-associated phos phatase-1), a negative regulator of Fas-mediated apoptosis. The expression of FAP-1 was detected in many colon cancer cell lines. On the other hand no FAP-1 expression was detected in the normal colon tissue. We have found that the tri-peptide of Fas C-terminus inhibited the binding of Fas and FAP-1 in vitro. Microinjection of the tri peptide (Ac SLV) could induce Fas-mediated apoptosis in the DLD 1 human colon cancer cell line that was resistant to anti-Fas-antibody. These findings suggest that the interaction of Fas and FAP-1 has a very important role in Fas-mediated apoptosis signal transduction. The inhibition of the Fas/ FAP-1 binding will provide a good target to develop anti-cancer drugs.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1997

[A case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral multiple adrenal adenomas].

We report a case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal adenomas. A 45-year-old woman was found to have Cushing's syndrome during the course of treatment for diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome was based on the absence of a diurnal rhythm in plasma cortisol and failure to suppress plasma cortisol by 1 or 4 mg of dexamethasone. The plasma level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was below the normal range, and plasma cortisol responded normally to rapid ACTH injection. Abdominal computed tomography revealed bilateral adrenal tumors. Bilateral uptake of radiocholesterol by the adrenal cortex was observed in adrenal scintigraphy. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. Microscopic examination and analysis of steroid contents by high performance liquid chromatography showed that the tumor was cortisol-producting adenoma.

Adenoma↗