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Biomedical subjects

S Kapur

Publications and source records attributed to S Kapur.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Gammaglobulin for intravenous use induces an Fc gamma receptor-specific decrement in phagocytosis by blood monocytes.

Intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) increases the circulating platelet count in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in association with mononuclear phagocyte system blockade and decreased blood monocyte phagocytosis. To investigate whether IVIG treatment induces an Fc receptor-specific defect or a generalized phagocytic dysfunction which might impair host defenses, we studied the influence of IVIG on Fc receptor-dependent and Fc receptor-independent internalization by monocytes. In purified monocytes incubated in suspension with IVIG (10 mg IgG/ml) for 48 hr, our data demonstrate that Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes (EA) is significantly decreased. By contrast, there was no significant change in the phagocytosis of neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes which are internalized via the B-glucan receptor. A similar decrease in EA ingestion was observed in adherent monocytes incubated with IVIG. By contrast, the capacity of IVIG-treated adherent monocytes to internalize tannic acid-treated erythrocytes, an Fc receptor-independent probe, was the same as that of control cells. These findings demonstrate that IVIG does not induce a generalized phagocytic blockade, but rather a selective deficit in Fc gamma receptor-mediated internalization. Thus, Fc receptor-independent mechanisms may provide adequate mononuclear phagocyte system function for host defense in patients receiving IVIG.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1986

Isolated congenital bowed long bones.

An infant with prenatal bowed long bones is reported. History of bowed leg bones in the mother during her infancy and improvement of the bowed bones in the child and mother support benign nature of the condition and probable A.D. inheritance.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Diffuse pulmonary opacification in infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: clinical and pathologic correlation.

Diffuse pulmonary opacification is commonly seen on chest radiographs from infants with severe respiratory failure treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The chest radiographs and clinical records of 18 such infants were reviewed to determine the correlation among degree of abnormality on chest radiograph (as determined by a radiographic score), clinical severity of disease (as measured by ECMO requirements [ECMO flow rate]), and dynamic lung compliance determinations. Increasing lung compliance and decreasing ECMO flow rates correlated well with decreasing (improving) radiographic score. Pathologic changes were mainly those associated with intensive respiratory support and the underlying pulmonary condition. One patient had diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. Other than bleeding, no distinctive pathologic features could be attributed to therapy with ECMO. We conclude that the degree of pulmonary opacification seen in infants undergoing ECMO therapy is an accurate reflection of markedly decreased lung compliance and lung volumes caused by hyaline membrane formation, pulmonary edema, and atelectasis associated with the various causes of severe respiratory failure.

Extracorporeal Circulation↗
PubMed1986

An unusual cause of facial trismus in a child: report of case.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of facial pain, especially in patients of Asian descent. The foregoing case describes an unusual cause of a symptom often associated with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. It also emphasizes the need to eliminate an underlying neoplastic process when dealing with patients who have temporomandibular joint dysfunction or who have atypical facial pain. Malignancies of the temporomandibular joint and the periarticular area, although rare, do occur. This case shows the usefulness of computed tomography in the evaluation of a patient with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

"Nasal gliomas" and related brain heterotopias: a pathologist's perspective.

Brain heterotopias are rare congenital malformations embryologically related to encephaloceles. They present as a mass in or about the nose (nasal glioma) or in the nasopharynx. We present the clinical and pathological features of 5 cases of heterotopic brain tissue. Four nasal gliomas consisted of mature neuroglial tissue, including neurons in 2 cases, embedded in a fibrovascular stroma. A nasopharyngeal brain heterotopia showed histologic features of mature neuroglial tissue including neurons and ependymal-lined cystic structures. The finding of mature neuroglial tissue in a mass from the head and neck region raises three differential diagnostic possibilities: teratoma, encephalocele, or heterotopic tissue. A teratoma can be ruled out by examination of the entire specimen. Encephaloceles and brain heterotopias can be distinguished only after correlation with the patient's clinical and radiologic findings.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Focal giant cell cardiomyopathy with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Cardiac involvement in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is mostly limited to mild cardiomegaly. Although these patients have visceromegaly, macroglossia, gigantism, and adrenal cytomegaly, no significant myocardial changes have been described. An infant with dysmorphic features of this syndrome had supraventricular tachycardia since birth. Nodular lesions were present in the right atrium. Morphologically these lesions were composed of hypertrophic myocardial fibers admixed with multinucleated giant cells of myogenic origin. The exact nature of these lesions remains undetermined. It is postulated that hypertrophic myocardial cells may represent cardiac cytomegaly as a manifestation of the accelerated growth potential of cells seen with this syndrome.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Detection of herpes simplex infection in cytologic smears.

We compare the results of direct immunofluorescence (IF) with cytology (Papanicolaou's stains) for diagnosis of herpes simplex infection. Thirty smears were examined. Yellow-green fluorescence was seen in 17 smears. Only eight of these smears had diagnostic cytology, and nine of the smears with positive fluorescence had none (four) to minimal (five) cytologic changes, suggesting that direct IF is a much more sensitive method for diagnosis of herpes simplex infection in cytologic smears.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1983

Reconstruction of the renal artery after unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in children.

The use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as the primary treatment of renovascular stenosis in adults has recently been described. Previously, only three children have been reported to have undergone transluminal angioplasty for stenosis of the renal artery and hypertension. At our hospital, transluminal angioplasty was attempted in four children with renal artery stenosis; one attempt was successful and three were unsuccessful. The three patients who required surgical repair of the renal artery after unsuccessful transluminal angioplasty have been described in detail. The histopathology of the stenotic vessels is also discussed. Based on the analysis of the three children, certain criteria have been derived to select pediatric patients with renovascular hypertension either for attempted transluminal angioplasty or for primary surgical revascularization.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1983

Medical practice and genetics in the mid-Michigan area.

In this report the authors provide information on the knowledge of and attitudes on genetics of allopathic and osteopathic physicians of the Mid-Michigan area. The type of degree (M.D. or D.O.) made no difference with respect to physicians' knowledge of genetics, while their specialty and year of graduation from medical school each had a significant impact on the physicians' genetic performance. Although there are important differences by specialty area, the average score on a multiple-choice genetic knowledge test was approximately 50 percent correct. Respondents were more likely to indicate a lack of knowledge than to choose an incorrect answer, but the overall level of knowledge was low. Ninety-two percent of the respondents stated that their present knowledge was inadequate and preferred continuing medical education courses and case-related conferences to increase their knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Herpes simplex virus and congenital malformations.

We have reported a case of transplacentally transmitted herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in association with both congenital malformations and other serious abnormalities, including facial abnormalities, microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and microscopic cranial calcifications. Before death, the infant showed marked neurologic deficits, seizures, and respiratory distress. Serum IgM and complement fixing antibodies to HSV were elevated at birth. Light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies confirmed the presence of the virus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Early failures of Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis after mitral valve replacement in children.

Two infants, 101/2 and 11 1/2 months of age, underwent mitral valve replacement with Ionescu-Shiley bovine bioprosthesis for congenital cardiac defects. Both patients had early valve failure, 19 months and 4 months after implantation, due to the growth of excessive collagen on the ventricular surface of the bioprosthesis with adherence of the collagen primarily to the sewing rings and struts of the valves. The cause of this excessive collagen reaction is unknown. Further study is needed to document the true incidence of this problem.

Bioprosthesis↗