An autopsy case of diffuse panbronchiolitis accompanying rheumatoid arthritis.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
S Kano
Publications and source records attributed to S Kano.
Effects of adenine nucleotide analogues on myocardial dysfunction during reperfusion after ischemia in dogs.
We examined effects of adenine nucleotide on ischemic myocardial stunning in dogs. Pentobarbitalanesthetized open-chest dogs were subjected to 20-min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), followed by reperfusion for 30 min. Either saline, 5 mM 8-bromo-5'-AMP (tributyryl-AMP), or 30 mM N6, 2', 3'-tributyryl-5'-AMP (tributyryl-AMP), 5 mM 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAr) as a positive reference, was infused at 0.1 ml/kg/min in the left femoral vein throughout the experiment. The myocardial contractile function was measured by ultrasonometry. The tissue levels of high-energy phosphates in the reperfused heart were determined. Myocardial contractile function assessed by % segment shortening (%SS) in the saline-infused group decreased during ischemia and returned toward the preischemic level during reperfusion but incompletely. A significant improvement in the %SS during reperfusion was observed in the 8-bromo-AMP- and AICAr-infused groups but not in the tributyryl-AMP-infused group. The magnitude of the protective effect of the drugs on myocardial contractility during reperfusion was 8-bromo-AMP > AICAr > tributyryl-AMP = saline. Only in the 8-bromo-AMP-infused group were the levels of ATP, ADP, and total adenine nucleotides in the reperfused heart significantly higher than those in the saline-infused group. The present result indicates that 8-bromo-AMP improves the ability of the heart to recover from ischemia and reperfusion associated with a significant restoration of ATP.
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
Effects of BIBR-277, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, on stunned myocardium in dogs.
BACKGROUND: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can protect the myocardium from ischaemic damage. We examined the effect of BIBR-277, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist, on myocardial stunning in dogs. METHODS: Pentobarbital-anaesthetized open-chest dogs were subjected to 20 min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. Saline or 0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg body weight BIBR-277 was injected intravenously 10 min before coronary ligation. The myocardial contractile function was measured by ultrasonometry. The tissue levels of energy metabolites in the 60 min reperfused heart were determined. RESULTS: Myocardial contractile function assessed in terms of percentage segment-shortening in the saline-treated group decreased during ischaemia and returned towards the pre-ischaemic level during reperfusion but incompletely (myocardial stunning). A significant and dose-dependent improvement in the percentage segment-shortening during reperfusion was observed in the BIBR-277-treated groups. The levels of ATP, ADP and AMP in the reperfused heart were not modified by BIBR-277 treatment compared with those in the saline-treated group. CONCLUSION: BIBR-277 ameliorates the myocardial contractile dysfunction during reperfusion after ischaemia, although it did not bring about any improvement in the high-energy phosphate levels in the reperfused heart.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
Role of tachykinins in bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous administration of bradykinin in guinea-pigs.
To elucidate the role of tachykinins in bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous administration of bradykinin (Bk), we studied the effects of FK224, a neurokinin-1 (NK1) and neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor antagonist, on the bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous (i.v.) administration of Bk (5-100 micrograms.kg-1) in guinea-pigs. Total pulmonary resistance -(RL) was measured using a pressure-volume sensitive body plethysmograph in anaesthetized artificially ventilated guinea-pigs pretreated with atropine (1 mg.kg-1) and propranolol (1 mg.kg-1). In the control group, i.v. administration of Bk produced a dose-dependent increase in RL. In animals pretreated with FK224, bronchoconstriction induced by higher doses of Bk (10, 50 and 100 micrograms.kg-1) was significantly reduced, whilst the bronchoconstriction caused by lower doses of Bk (5 and 7.5 micrograms.kg-1) was not. Pretreatment with a combination of FK224 and indomethacin markedly inhibited the bronchoconstriction induced by each dose of Bk compared with the groups pretreated with FK224 alone. Although pretreatment with indomethacin alone significantly reduced RL at a high dose of Bk (50 micrograms.kg-1), the reduction was significantly lower than that produced by a combination of FK224 and indomethacin. These results suggest that intravenous administration of a high dose of bradykinin causes bronchoconstriction both by cyclo-oxygenase products and by release of tachykinins.
Animals↗
Change in osmolarity of disodium cromoglycate solution and protection against exercise-induced bronchospasm in children with asthma.
It has been suggested that osmolarity and/or nebulizer output may affect the protective effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of osmolarity of the DSCG solution on exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in children with bronchial asthma. A jet nebulizer was used for DSCG inhalation in Study 1 and an ultrasonic nebulizer in Study 2. Thirteen asthmatic children (7 males and 6 females, aged 6-14 yrs) were enrolled in Study 1, and nine asthmatic children (5 males and 4 females, aged 9-13 yrs) in Study 2. After pretreatment with saline (control), hypotonic DSCG or isotonic DSCG, children underwent exercise challenge with a cycle ergometer. The percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured at 5 and 15 min postexercise. The data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Both in Study 1 and Study 2, there were no significant differences in minute ventilation volume or maximum heart rate during exercise between the different treatment groups. Both hypotonic and isotonic DSCG significantly reduced the maximum percentage fall in FEV1. There were no significant differences in protective effects between hypotonic and isotonic DSCG in either study. We conclude that the efficacy of hypotonic and isotonic disodium cromoglycate solutions is similar for protection against exercise-induced bronchospasm. Hypotonic disodium cromoglycate seems to be clinically effective for prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm and treatment of asthmatic children.
Adolescent↗
Nitric oxide inhibits intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rat mesangial cells.
This study tested whether nitric oxide modulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in glomerular mesangial cells. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta; 10 ng/mL) increased ICAM-1 molecule expression on cultured rat mesangial cell surface in a time-dependent manner. Addition of the nitric oxide donors 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) or sodium nitroprusside significantly suppressed IL-1 beta-induced ICAM-1 molecule expression in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of SIN-1 was abolished in the presence of a nitric oxide scavenger hemoglobin, but not in the presence of superoxide dismutase or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Addition of 8-bromo-cyclic GMP showed no significant effect on IL-1 beta-induced ICAM-1 expression. In Northern blot analysis, the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA was barely detected in unstimulated cells, whereas ICAM-1 gene transcripts were clearly expressed after exposure to IL-1 beta for 3 h, and addition of SIN-1 decreased IL-1 beta-induced ICAM-1 mRNA accumulation. These results suggest that nitric oxide suppresses ICAM-1 expression in IL-1 beta-stimulated mesangial cells, independent of cGMP formation.
Animals↗
Histiocytic cytophagic panniculitis which developed during interferon-alpha therapy.
A 59-year-old woman developed edema of the face and eyelids during interferon (IFN)-alpha-2b therapy for chronic hepatitis C with a cumulative dose of 6 million x 47 units. Despite cessation of the therapy, the edema progressed and was followed by exophthalmos, pyrexia, liver dysfunction, pancytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Two months after initial presentation, she died of hemorrhagic shock and was diagnosed with histiocytic cytophagic panniculitis at autopsy. This may be a hitherto unrecognized adverse effect of therapeutic IFN alpha.
Antiviral Agents↗
The effects of pyronaridine on the morphology of Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus trivirgatus.
The effects of pyronaridine on the morphology of Plasmodium falciparum were studied in an infected owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) that was severely ill with a parasitemia of 28%. Thirty minutes after pyronaridine administration, distinct morphologic changes were already present in late trophozoites and schizonts. Ultrastructural observations revealed that the earliest and most distinct changes induced by pyronaridine occurred in food vacuoles. The most striking change in food vacuoles was the appearance of undigested endocytic vesicles surrounded by a single membrane in the vacuolar space. These findings suggest that vacuolar degradation is inhibited by pyronaridine, and that undigested endocytic vesicles accumulate inside parasite food vacuoles impairing hemoglobin degeneration. Thus, pyronaridine appears to interfere with the parasitic digestive system.
Animals↗
[Clinical characteristics and genetic background of secondary amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese].
In order to examine the clinical characteristics and genetic background of secondary amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis, we analyzed clinical features and HLA typing of 85 patients in a multicenter study. Eighty-five patients with secondary amyloidosis associated RA were studied. The diagnosis of secondary amyloidosis were made on histological findings by biopsy or autopsy. The most common biopsy site was gastrointestinal tract (79.5%). Clinical symptom and the frequency at the time of diagnosis were; diarrhea (35 cases), abdominal pain (22 cases) and vomiting and nausea (16 cases). Abnormalities and the frequency in a laboratory test included proteinuria (49 cases), increased serum creatinine (32 cases), anemia (30 cases) and hematuria (15 cases). Twenty-eight patients were dead and 57 patients were alive at the time of the study. The average duration between diagnosis of amyloidosis and death was 19.4 +/- 18.5 (SD) months among the dead patients. The average duration after diagnosis of amyloidosis was 24.2 +/- 19.5 (SD) months in surviving patients. The causes of death were renal failure complicated with heart failure (6 patients), heart failure alone (3 patients) and renal failure alone (2 patients). Fifty-nine patients in the control group who were negative to amyloid deposition on biopsies at more than one site in the gastrointestinal tract, were clinically compared with patients in the amyloidosis group. No difference were noted in the age of RA occurrence and the stage between the two groups. As to the class, however, the number of patients with severe functional disorder (class 3 or severe) was larger in the amyloidosis group. There were no significant difference between the two groups in Lansbury's activity index. On hematology, biochemistry and urinalysis, the incidences of increased white blood cell count, anemia, increased platelet count, increased serum creatinine, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, increased IgA, and increased urine and blood BMG were statistically significantly higher in the amyloidosis group than in the control group. HLA-A, -B, -C, and DR-locus antigens were compared in the 53 patients in the amyloidosis group and in the 59 subjects in the control group. There were no significant differences in frequency of HLA-A, and -B antigens between two groups. Frequency of CW7 antigen was significantly decreased in the amyloidosis group (13.2%) than in the control group (39.0%). Frequency of DR1 antigen was decreased in the amyloidosis group (3.8%) than in the control group (22.0%), although the difference was not significant. These findings suggest the possible involvement of genetic factors in the occurrence of amyloidosis. It is suggested that the occurrence of amyloidosis is suppressed by some genes which are linked with CW7 antigen.
Adolescent↗
[Assessment of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus].
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Humans↗
Antiribosomal P0 protein antibodies react with the surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
[Clinical value of 67gallium single photon emission tomography].
To evaluate the clinical utility of 67gallium single photon emission tomography (SPECT), we prospectively compared 67Ga SPECT with gallium planar views and with compared tomography in 94 patients with diffuse lung diseases. Differences in the accumulation of gallium between slices and between the left and right sides of a single slice were easier to detect with 67Ga SPECT than with planar views. Three-dimensional information regarding accumulation was also obtained by SPECT. Information regarding active inflammation was more difficult to obtain by computed tomography than by SPECT. Diagnosing diffuse lung diseases will be easier with the introduction of gallium SPECT.
Collagen Diseases↗
[Home terminal care for lung cancer--subcutaneous injection with morphine hydrochloride for cancer related pain from metastatic bone cancer in a terminal lung cancer patient].
Home management for cancer-related pain in a terminal cancer patient is usually performed by oral or intrarectal administration with analgesics. If such treatment fails to reduce cancer-related pain, we have to treat them with epidural, intravenous or subcutaneous injection of these agents in some cases. We encountered a terminal lung cancer patient with metastatic bone cancer who was treated with continuous subcutaneous injection of morphine hydrochloride at home. As a result, the patient's quality of life has been remarkably improved. The management of cancer-related pain with analgesics and terminal care at home are discussed.
Aged↗
[Clinico-pathological analysis of airway abnormalities in patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia].
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils into alveolar spaces. Patients with this condition may also have asthmatic episodes, chronic coughing, and bronchorrhea, even after the infiltrative opacity on the chest roentgenogram resolves. We used computed tomography, pulmonary function tests, and biopsies to evaluate the airways of 11 patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. The tomograms showed bronchial wall thickening in all patients at the time of the onset of symptoms and ten months later. Centrilobular peribronchovascular interstitial thickening was detected in four patients, 10 months after the onset. Pulmonary function tests showed that small airway dysfunction remained 13 months after the onset. Pathological analysis revealed airway abnormalities that included basement membrane thickening and cellular infiltration 2 years after the onset. These results show that airway changes had not resolved even after roentgenographic opacities had disappeared. More attention should be given to treatment of airway disease associated with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and to whether these changes in the airway are similar to those seen in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia.
Adult↗
Measurement of dynamic respiratory mechanics in neonatal and pediatric intensive care: the multiple linear regression technique.
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Airway Resistance↗
Effects of OG-VI, a nucleoside/nucleotide mixture, and its constituents on myocardial stunning in dogs.
BACKGROUND: OG-VI is a solution composed of 30 mmol/l inosine, 30 mmol/l sodium 5'-guanylate, 30 mmol/l cytidine, 22.5 mmol/l uridine and 7.4 mmol/l thymidine, and has a protective effect on stunned myocardium. We examined the effects of the constituents of OG-VI on stunned myocardium in dogs, and compared them with that of acadesine (5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside; AlCAr) to try to elucidate the mechanism of the effect of OG-VI. METHODS: Dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 20 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min. Saline, OG-VI, its purine component (inosine and sodium 5'-guanylate; IG), its pyrimidine component (cytidine, uridine and thymidine; CUT) or AlCAr (30 mmol/l) was infused at 0.1 ml/kg/min, starting 30 min before the ischemia. Myocardial segment shortening function was determined by sonomicrometry. The tissue level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was determined in the hearts reperfused for 30 min. RESULTS: Following reperfusion, the group treated with saline showed an incomplete recovery of segment shortening function, which had been decreased by ischemia, to the pre-ischemic level. The segment shortening function was almost completely recovered in the groups treated with OG-VI and IG, to a lesser extent in the AlCAr-treated group, and CUT was found to be ineffective. The levels of ATP in the OG-VI- and AlCAr-treated groups were significantly higher than that in the saline-treated group. In contrast to saline, IG and CUT were both ineffective at increasing ATP during reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Of the compounds tested, only OG-VI improves both ATP levels and segment shortening recovery in stunned dog myocardium. The increase in ATP levels is not the only factor responsible for contractile recovery.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Prolongation of the QT interval observed in a Japanese patient with vivax malaria following treatment with halofantrine.
In 1992, some 90 countries or territories where 42% of the world's population resided were considered malarious and estimation of deaths from malaria worldwide per year were in the order of 1.4 of 2.8 million. The higher the number of Japanese who go abroad becomes (the total number in 1994 was 13,578,934: Records of Statistical Division of the Ministry of Justice), the greater is the risk of their contracting malaria. Indeed, the reported annual number of imported malaria cases increased to not less than 100. Now, malaria should first be presumed if a patient complains of a higher fever after a visit to a tropical country. And the importance of instituting prompt diagnosis and proper treatment should also be stressed. One of the antimalarials which has been highlighted for its effectiveness is halofantrine. This drug has been used for treatment of human malaria since 1984, and to date clinical trials have involved about 3.4 million patients in more than 30 countries (personal communication). Several patients successfully treated with halofantrine without any treatment failure have also been documented in Japan. However, in 1993, a clinical study involving 400 patients on the Thai-Burmese border revealed cardiac effects of antimalarial treatment with halofantrine, including one sudden death after the treatment. There have also been some spontaneous reports of serious ventricular dysrythmiasis with prolongation of the QT intervals, rarely associated with death. The pharmaceutical company producing Halfan has reported 8 cardiac arrests, leading to 6 deaths, when a higher dose than recommended was used, there was recent or concomitant treatment with mefloquine, there was pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval or the patient had a thiamine deficiency. Finally, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a "drug alert" on halofantrine advising a change in recommendations for its use. In the present paper, we discuss the first Japanese vivax malaria patient whose QT interval was prolonged after treatment with halofantrine.
Adult↗
Endothelin-1 release from cultured endothelial cells induced by sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the pathophysiological role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the vascular injury associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by investigating the effect of sera from patients with SLE on ET-1 release from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. METHODS: Confluent monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with serum samples (diluted 1:10) from 25 patients with SLE and 16 normal controls for two hours at 37 degrees C and ET-1 concentration in the culture supernatant was measured by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The mean release of ET-1 from endothelial cells in the presence of serum from SLE patients was greater than in the presence of serum from normal controls (p < 0.005). ET-1 release from endothelial cells significantly correlated with the titre of IgM anti-endothelial cell antibodies (IgM-AECA) and immune complex concentration in sera from SLE patients (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). After gel chromatography of the serum from an SLE patient, those fractions containing IgM-AECA or immune complex were shown to stimulate ET-1 release from endothelial cells. Heat aggregated IgG also stimulated ET-1 release from endothelial cells in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: IgM-AECA and immune complexes may stimulate ET-1 release from endothelial cells and ET-1 may play an important role in the initiation and development of vascular injury, such as pulmonary hypertension and lupus nephritis, in SLE.
Adolescent↗