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S Kanai

Publications and source records attributed to S Kanai.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Serum beta 2-microglobulin in spinal cord injury patients--its efficacy as a screening test of renal function].

We evaluated the reliability of serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) in comparison with serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance in 164 patients with spinal cord injury. The value of serum beta 2-MG demonstrated the highest correlation coefficient (r = -0.927) in relation to creatinine clearance. The beta 2-MG value reflected the severity of hydronephrosis on excretory urography, with very few false negative values. The value of beta 2-MG is concluded to be one of the best screening tests in evaluating renal function in spinal cord injury patients.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Perivesical abscess associated with neurogenic bladders: report of two cases].

We report two cases of perivesical abscess associated with neurogenic bladders. One patient suffered from diabetic neurogenic bladder, and the other spinal cord injury. Both patients had an uninhibited contraction at the low capacity on cystometry. They complained of difficulty in micturition and presented with large lower abdominal tumors. Although the extravasation of contrast medium was not confirmed on cystography, we believe that the perivesical abscess was the consequence of urinary leakage out of the bladder. The abscesses disappeared after drainage. We have discussed the possible mechanism involved in the abscess formation which occurred in the neurogenic bladders.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

The effect of age on the adaptation of the brain to the anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital in mice.

The anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital was examined in young (6 month old) and old (24 month old) BDF1 female mice consisting of three groups each (one control and two chronically dosed phenobarbital groups), using the abolition of the tonic hindlimb extensor component of maximal electroshock seizure as the index. The minimal effective concentrations (MEC) of phenobarbital in plasma and brain in old control mice that were given a vehicle (tragacanth) for one week were significantly lower in comparison to the respective values in young adult control mice with the same treatment, confirming our previous findings. In young mice chronically treated with phenobarbital for one week (20 mg/kg daily for two days followed by daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 days), the MECs in both plasma and brain were significantly higher compared with respective control values. The 3 week treatment also produced an increase in MEc comparable to the one-week treatment. The same one-week treatment with phenobarbital in old mice similarly caused significantly higher plasma and brain MEC values but 3-week-treatment values were not significantly different from corresponding control values. It is concluded that the development of brain adaptation to phenobarbital is almost equal for young and old mice, so that the reduction in MEC with age indicates the need for lowered dosages for the aged, even when the age effect on brain adaptation developed to chronic dosing is taken into consideration.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Age-dependent increase in the threshold for pentylenetetrazole induced maximal seizure in mice.

The thresholds for inducing the maximal seizure by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) were compared for BDF1 mice of both sexes with varying ages after intraperitoneal administration of various doses of PTZ. The minimal effective PTZ concentrations (MECs) in the brain for inducing the maximal seizure were significantly higher in 24-month or older mice than in 6-month-old animals of both sexes. Some mice of 30 months did not demonstrate the maximal seizure but died within the 15-min observation period, a phenomenon never observed in mice of 24 months or younger. The relationship between plasma and brain concentrations of PTZ changed little during aging. It was concluded that the brain becomes less sensitive to PTZ with age in regard to its convulsant activity, as was previously shown for electroshock by the authors. This observation, coupled with our earlier observations on anticonvulsants, appears to support the classical hypothesis that age has a dual effect on drug sensitivity i.e. a decrease for stimulants but an increase for sedative (or depressant) drugs.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Bladder dysfunction secondary to tethered cord syndrome in adults: is it curable?

The urological aspects of the tethered cord syndrome were investigated in 15 adults. Impaired detrusor contractility was the most common among the urological symptoms and signs (73 per cent of the patients). Bladder dysfunction was confirmed urodynamically in 93 per cent of the patients and detrusor areflexia was predominant in 60 per cent. Pathological grades were proposed to classify the severity of the tethered cord syndrome. While restoration of bladder function was satisfactory in 67 per cent of the patients postoperatively, the over-all result was less (60 per cent). Patients with sensory motor paralysis of the bladder, symptoms more than 3 years in duration, cutaneous stigmas or a high pathological grade of the syndrome will not benefit from an operation. We conclude that neurogenic bladder secondary to the tethered cord syndrome is curable provided that the underlying pathological condition is recognized properly and an operation is performed early.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Differing transport maxima values for taurine-conjugated bile salts in rats and hamsters.

It was recently suggested that the apparent biliary transport maximum (Tm, secretory maximum) for bile salts is primarily determined by their degree of cytotoxicity (the cytotoxicity hypothesis), based on experiments on male rats [Hardison, W. G., D. E. Hatoff, K. Miyai, and R. G. Weiner. Am. J. Physiol. 241 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 4): G337-G343, 1981]. To confirm this hypothesis, we determined the Tm of three different bile salts, taurocholate (TC), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC), and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) in female rats and hamsters. The order of Tm values in female rats was the same as that reported for male rats (TUDC greater than TC greater than TCDC), whereas in female hamsters it was TC greater than TCDC greater than TUDC. On the other hand, in hamsters, the order of cytotoxicity, evaluated in vivo by the biliary excretion of hepatocyte enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline-phosphatase and an increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels under a fixed rate infusion (0.6 and 1.2 mumol X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1) of bile salts, was inverse to the order of Tm values (TCDC greater than TC greater than TUDC) in rats, but in hamsters, too, TCDC was most cytotoxic. The order of Tm value in hamsters thus does not correspond to the order of cytotoxicity of these bile salts, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of bile salts may not be the sole determinant of bile salt Tm.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Combined prostatectomy and retropubic prostatectomy on patients eighty years old or older with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Combined prostatectomy and retropubic prostatectomy were performed on 20 patients eighty years old or older with benign prostatic hyperplasia. A comparative assessment of two surgical methods regading to operative blood loss, operating time and postoperative complications was presented. The procedure of combined prostatectomy revealed a smaller amount of operative blood loss, less operating time and lower incidence of complications when compared to retropublic prostatectomy. This modified method of suprapubic-retropubic prostatectomy appears to offer several advantages over other open methods of prostatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effect of tauroursodeoxycholate on the biliary transport maximum of sulfobromophthalein in the rat.

The effect of tauroursodeoxycholate (TU) infusion on the plasma level and biliary transport maximum (Tm) of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was examined in male rats during a continuous intravenous infusion of BSP with different TU infusion rates. The infusion rate of 0.6 mumol/min/100 gm body weight of TU caused significantly higher bile flow and BSP Tm values compared with the respective control values in rats with only a BSP infusion. These values, however, were significantly lower than values obtained by an equimolar infusion of taurocholate (TC). The higher infusion rates of TU (1.2 and 1.8 mumol/min/100 gm) tended to cause higher bile flow rates, but the BSP Tm value did not increase beyond the value obtained at the lower infusion rate (0.6 mumol/min/100 gm). In the highest TU infusion rate study (1.8 mumol/min/100 gm), plasma BSP concentrations were significantly higher than corresponding control values or values at a lower TU or TC infusion rate. It was concluded that in rats TU can significantly increase the BSP Tm, but to a lesser extent than TC. Furthermore, it was suggested that TU infusion at a higher rate significantly interferes with the hepatic uptake (or storage) of BSP.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Increased anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital with age in mice--a possible pharmacological index for brain aging.

We have recently reported that the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin increases with age in mice (1). Since some of the mechanisms of anticonvulsant action of phenytoin and phenobarbital may be different, the present study sought to determine whether a similar increase with age in the anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital could also be observed. The anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital was examined in BDF1 female mice of different ages (6, 12, 24 and 30 months old) using the abolition of the tonic hindlimb extensor component of maximal electro-shock seizure as the index. The minimal effective concentration (MEC) values of phenobarbital in plasma and brain were significantly lower in aged (24 and 30 month old) mice compared with the respective values in the youngest animal group (6 month old). Series using nearly two-fold different intensities of electroshock (30 and 55 mA) showed almost identical MEC values in 24 month-old mice. It was concluded that the brain of aged mice is more sensitive to phenobarbital, as it is to phenytoin.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Age related increased threshold for electroshock seizure in BDF1 mice.

The thresholds for inducing the minimal and maximal electroshock seizures were examined in relation to age in BDF1 mice of both sexes. The 50 percent effective intensities for the maximal electroshock seizure (tonic hindlimb extensor component) were lowest in the youngest age groups (6-month-old) for both male (10.68 mA) and female (9.18 mA) animals. The threshold increased with age and became significantly higher at 24 months (14.00 mA, 12.70 mA for male and female mice respectively). There was also a further increase in threshold at 30 months for both sexes. Similarly, the threshold for inducing the minimal seizure also increased with age but the differences in mean threshold levels between the youngest and oldest groups were much smaller in comparison to the maximal seizure. It was concluded that the threshold for inducing electroshock seizures significantly increases with age in mice of both sexes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Sex difference in the biliary excretion of digoxin and its metabolites in aging Wistar rats.

The biliary excretion of digoxin (Dg3) and its metabolites was studied in both young (3-month-old) and old (25- and 30-month-old) Wistar rats of both sexes. The 2 h biliary recovery (% of the dose) of intravenously injected [3H]Dg3 (0.01 mg/100 g) radioactivity was similar between young male and female rats, while the first 10 min excretion was significantly higher in females. In old (25-month-old) male rats, the 2 h biliary recovery of radioactivity was significantly lower than the corresponding young value. This was primarily due to the drastic decrease with age in excretion of bis-digitoxoside. On the other hand, in old female rats (25- and 30-month-old) the 2 h recovery value was not significantly different from the corresponding young (3-month-old) value. This was due to the much higher percentage (more than 80% of the total) of Dg3 in the female bile radioactivity which did not significantly decrease with age. The results suggest that the rate of stepwise cleavages of the sugar chain of Dg3 decreases with age more rapidly in male than in female rats as has been previously shown by the authors for digitoxin. Large sex differences observed in the age-dependent alteration in Dg3 metabolism and its biliary excretion raise a caution against a generalization of the data obtained from a single sex in this animal species with regard to the effect of aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

The hepatic handling of sulfobromphthalein in aging Fischer-344 rats: in vivo and in vitro studies.

Biliary transport maximum (Tm) and relative storage capacity (S) for sulfobromphthalein (BSP) were compared in male and female Fischer-344 rats of different ages ranging from 3 to 30 mth. When expressed per unit liver weight, the male Tm value decreased rapidly with age reaching 40% of the 3-mth-old value at 30 mth. Female values, which were significantly lower than corresponding male values during the first year also decreased steadily with age but the rate of decrease was much lower than in male values. Consequently, at 30 mth there was no longer any difference between male and female rats. S values expressed per gram liver stayed essentially unchanged with age in both male and female rats, although female values were always lower than male values. The liver's in vitro conjugation capacity for BSP with glutathione also decreased significantly with age in male rats, while in female rats it remained unchanged between 3 and 28 mth of age. Thus, the decrease in BSP Tm value with age could not be fully explained by the decrease in liver's conjugation capacity with glutathione. The results of the present study, coupled with our previous observations on other rat strains suggest that, at least in rats, BSP Tm decreases with age but S does not, despite contrary reports made by other authors on man and rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Tauroursodeoxycholate prevents biliary protein excretion induced by other bile salts in the rat.

Biliary excretion of various proteins (5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and albumin) was investigated in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats infused with different bile salts [taurocholate (TC), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC), and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC)]. A TCDC infusion at 0.4 mumol . min-1 . 100 g body wt-1 caused much higher increases in the biliary excretion of these proteins compared with the respective values in rats that received an infusion of TC at a threefold higher rate (1.2 mumol . min-1 . 100 g body wt-1). In contrast, a TUDC infusion at 1.8 mumol . min-1 . 100 g body wt-1 showed the minimum effect on these protein leakages. A combined infusion of TCDC (0.4 mumol . min-1 . 100 g-1) and TUDC (0.6 mumol . min-1 . 100 g-1) resulted in drastic (8- to 20-fold) decreases in excretion of these enzymes and albumin compared with respective values in rats infused with TCDC alone. Similar preventive effects were observed with the addition of TUDC to the infusion of TC (1.2 mumol . min-1 . 100 g-1). These results suggest that the hepatic cytotoxic effects of TC and TCDC can be prevented by the simultaneous infusion of TUDC in rats.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1985

Ursodeoxycholate-induced choleresis in taurine-deprived and taurine-supplemented rats.

The effect of i.v. infused ursodeoxycholate (1.2 micromol/(min . 100 g body weight)) was compared in control rats and in taurine supplemented (i.p. administration of a taurine solution) and taurine deprived (oral administration of beta-alanine) rats. In the control rats, the bile water output during the first hr was significantly lower than that of the second hr, while the bile salt output was significantly lower in the second hr. In beta-alanine pretreated rats, the increase in the bile flow in the first hr was more rapid compared to control rats, and the bile flow rate reached a peak earlier. The first hr and total 2 hr bile water outputs were significantly higher in the beta-alanine pretreated rats compared to the corresponding bile flow values of the control rats, while the bile salt outputs were significantly lower than respective control values. In taurine supplemented rats, the increase in bile flow in the second hr was less than in control rats, while the bile salt excretion rate was the highest among the three rat groups. Thus, among these three groups, the bile flow and bile salt excretion rate during the first hr and 2 hr total infusion periods were negatively correlated. On the other hand, a significant positive correlation was observed between the bile flow rate for 1 or 2 hr and bile salt concentration in the liver examined after a 1 or 2 hr bile salt infusion. These results seem most easily explained by our previous thesis that at least part of the bile is produced not by the excretion of bile salt into the bile canaliculus but by its presence inside the hepatocyte (secretory mechanism).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The effectiveness of a combination of trimethoprim plus rifampicin and local injection of antibiotics into the prostate in chronic bacterial prostatitis].

Seventy out-patients suffering from chronic bacterial prostatitis were treated with a combination of trimethoprim plus rifampicin or trimethoprim alone. A combination of 300 mg. rifampicin plus 160 mg. trimethoprim (rifaprim) was used. Forty-four patients were administered rifaprim at doses of 920 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Twenty-six patients were administered trimethoprim at doses of 320 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Cultures of the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) yielded gram-positive bacteria in 61 patients and gram-negative bacteria in 9. In rifaprim group, clinical responses were excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 23 cases and poor in 12 cases. The efficacy rate was 73%. In trimethoprim group, excellent in 1 case, moderate in 14 cases and poor in 11 cases. The efficacy rate was 60%. Seven patients of chronic bacterial prostatitis were treated by local injection of tobramycin into the prostate. The antibiotic level in the prostatic fluid twenty-four hours after injection was very high. The pain and discomfort experienced by the patients during injection into the prostate were minimal. Local necrosis was not found after histologic or electron microscopic studies of biopsied prostatic specimen after the injection. Results show that this simple method should be valuable in the treatment of the refractory group of chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Abnormal urinalysis in acute appendicitis.

In a retrospective review of 32 consecutive patients (20 adults and 12 children) with acute appendicitis, we correlated abnormal urinalysis with the operative findings. Abnormal results on urinalysis were noted in 10 adults and 5 children. All urine specimens were collected by the clean-catch method. Abnormal findings were found more frequently in female patients. The majority of the patients with abnormal urinalysis had a ruptured or inflamed appendix in proximity to the urinary tract.

Acute Disease↗