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Biomedical subjects

S Kamiya

Publications and source records attributed to S Kamiya.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Correlation between cytotoxin production and sporulation in Clostridium difficile.

Correlation between cytotoxin production and sporulation was demonstrated when a Clostridium difficile culture was inoculated into fresh broth to give an initial count of less than 10 vegetative cells/ml with no spores. Under these conditions, cytotoxin was produced and released during sporulation. Addition of a sporulation inhibitor (acridine orange, 30 mg/L), resulted in a marked decrease in both sporulation and cytotoxin production, despite there being no change in the number of vegetative cells in the culture. These results indicate that sporulation might be closely related to cytotoxin production.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1992

Clostridium botulinum type C in healthy swine in Japan.

Healthy cattle and swine bred in a district of Japan were examined for the presence of Clostridium botulinum in their liver. Liver specimens were cultivated in chopped meat-glucose medium and the cultures were examined for botulinum toxin. In cattle, none of the cultures of 100 liver specimens yielded the toxin. In swine, however, C1 or C2 toxin was demonstrated in 8 of 100 liver specimens from 36 farms. One of the five farms where the carrier-state swine were present was surveyed for about 2 years to determine whether the carrier-state was transient or resident. C. botulinum type C was found in swine livers and feces, and environmental specimens at extremely high rates during the surveillances, with 76% of specimens yielding botulinum toxin following the culture. These data suggest that it is not uncommon for healthy swine to carry C. botulinum type C in the liver and that there is a close relationship between C. botulinum carrier-state in swine and the presence of this organism in their raising environments. In 20 cattle and 20 swine suffering from parturient paresis of unknown etiology no evidence for involvement of C. botulinum type C was obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Production of monoclonal antibody to Clostridium difficile toxin A which neutralizes enterotoxicity but not haemagglutination activity.

Nine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to Clostridium difficile toxin A were produced. The isotype of one mAb (37B5) was IgG2b, kappa, and that of the other eight mAbs was IgM, kappa. Immunoblot analysis after non-denatured PAGE showed that with the exception of one mAb (112G6) all mAbs gave a positive reaction with the 540 kDa band of toxin A. Immunoblot analysis showed that four mAbs (2E15, 3B4, 37B5 and 49C4) gave a positive reaction with the 240 kDa major band of toxin A. In neutralisation tests with these mAbs for enterotoxicity, mouse lethality, haemagglutination activity and cytotoxicity, 37B5 neutralised enterotoxicity in a rabbit ileal loop response test but did not neutralise any other biological activities. None of the other eight mAbs showed any neutralising activities at all.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A monoclonal antibody to scopolamine and its use for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A hybridoma clone producing a monoclonal antibody (SC78.H81) against scopolamine was established. The monoclonal antibody was an IgG1 (k) antibody with high affinity (1.6 x 10(9) M-1 for methylscopolamine). The monoclonal antibody was cross-reactive with methylscopolamine and butylscopolamine, and showed weak cross-reactivity with 6 beta- and 7 beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine. The cross-reaction with L-hyoscyamine, atropine, scopine and DL-tropic acid was very weak. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using SC78.H81 was established to quantify scopolamine. The sensitivity of the assay allowed detection of 20 pg assay-1 (0.2 ng ml-1) of scopolamine. The assay was applied to the estimation of scopolamine content in hairy root cultures of a Duboisia hybrid.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Lectin histochemistry of foamy cells in non-nervous tissues of feline sphingomyelinosis.

Foamy cells in non-nervous tissues from a female Siamese cat with sphingomyelinosis were examined by lectin histochemistry. Many foamy cells, so-called Niemann-Pick cells, were found in the non-nervous tissues, such as liver, spleen, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, lymph node and tonsil. These cells were positive for Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin-I and wheat germ agglutinin. Storage materials in the foamy cells were different from those in affected cells of the nervous tissues. This study suggests that lectin histochemistry might be helpful in the diagnosis of sphingomyelinosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Lectin histochemistry of feline polyglucosan bodies.

Lectin histochemistry was conducted to identify sugar residues of the polyglucosan bodies (PGB) in the feline brain. PGB stained with Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A) and peanut agglutinin, but not with soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin or Ulex europaeus agglutinin. In addition, PGB bound to Con A after periodate oxidation. These results suggest that feline PGB contain mannose and galactose in addition to glucose and that the partial component of PGB is derived from rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Polyglucosan bodies in the central nervous system of a fox.

Polyglucosan bodies (PGB) in the central nervous system of an old male fox, Vulpes vulpes japonica, without neurological signs were examined by light and electron microscopy, lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Fox PGB were round, slightly-basophilic and PAS-positive structures. Most of the bodies were situated free in the neuropil. Electron microscopically, fox PGB were composed mainly of branching filaments and electron-dense material. Lectin histochemistry revealed that fox PGB contained mannose and galactose in addition to glucose. Fox PGB were immunoreactive for monoclonal antibodies raised against human polyglucosan. These findings indicate that fox PGB are similar to feline ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Glycosylation of measles virus haemagglutinin protein in infected cells.

Processing of the measles virus haemagglutinin (H) protein was analysed by the pulse-chase method, immunoprecipitation with an anti-H monoclonal antibody and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, combined with the addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) or monensin (inhibitors of intracellular processing of secretory proteins) to cultures and digestion of the protein with endoglycosidase H or neuraminidase. The apparent Mr of the H protein was increased from 74K to 78K during the chase period. Addition of either CCCP or monensin to the chase medium inhibited the appearance of the 78K H protein, but not the immunoreactivity of the H protein or dimer formation, suggesting that these two events occur in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The 74K H protein processed in the presence of CCCP was fully sensitive to endoglycosidase H digestion, whereas the 74K H protein processed in the presence of monensin was partially resistant to endoglycosidase H. In experiments using 3H-labelled sugars, [3H]galactose was incorporated into the 74K H protein in the presence of monensin. Neuraminidase treatment increased the electrophoretic mobility of the 78K H protein to 74K. Only the 78K H protein was detected on the surface of untreated cells, and it was resistant to endoglycosidase H digestion. These data suggest that after galactose addition sialic acid is added to the H protein in the trans-Golgi complex and then the mature 78K H protein is transported to the cell surface.

Glycoside Hydrolases↗
PubMed1991

Lectin histochemistry of feline sphingomyelinosis.

The brain from a Siamese cat with sphingomyelinosis was examined with lectin histochemistry. Swollen neurons were stained with Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A). Some of them were also stained with Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I). A small number of axonal spheroids and glia cells were positive for Con A, RCA-I, UEA-I and wheat germ agglutinin. Control tissues were weakly stained with Con A, but not with any of the other lectins. These results indicate that affected neurons contain mannose and glucose residues in addition to sphingomyelin. This study points to the possibility that the characteristics of lectin histochemical study might be helpful for the diagnosis of sphingomyelinosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Improvement of nutritional value and functional properties of soybean glycinin by protein engineering.

Glycinin is one of the predominant storage proteins of soybean. To improve its functional properties (heat-induced gelation and emulsification) and/or nutritional value, the A1aB1b proglycinin subunit was modified on the basis of genetically variable domains suggested from the comparison of amino acid sequences of glycinin-type globulins from various legumes and nonlegumes and the relationships between the structure and the functional properties of glycinin. Thus, nucleotide sequences corresponding to each of the variable domains were deleted from the cDNA encoding the A1aB1b proglycinin, and a synthetic DNA encoding four continuous methionines was inserted into the cDNA region corresponding to each of the variable domains. Expression plasmids carrying the modified cDNAs were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli strain JM105. Some of the modified proteins were accumulated as soluble proteins in the cells at a high level and self-assembled. They exhibited functional properties superior to those of the native glycinin from soybean, which establishes the possibility of creating theoretically designed novel glycinins with high food qualities.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Temperature elevation enhances cell surface expression of measles virus fusion protein in infected cells.

Cell fusion proceeded gradually in measles virus-infected cells incubated at 35 degrees C. Shift-up of incubation temperature to 39 degrees C induced rapidly increased cell fusion in spite of the cessation of de novo synthesis of the fusion (F) protein. Pulse-chase experiments showed that there was little difference in the acquisition of immunoreactivity by haemagglutinin (H) and F proteins between the two temperatures. H protein was detected on the cell surface 60 min after the chase at either temperature. However, appearance of F protein on the cell surface took less than 3 h at 39 degrees C whereas it took 5 h at 35 degrees C. These data indicate that temperature elevation induces more efficient expression of F protein on the cell surface accompanied by marked syncytium formation in measles virus-infected cells.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis, chemical properties and mutagenicity of 1,6- and 3,6-dinitrobenzo[a]pyrenes.

Nitration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) with HNO3 (d = 1.38) produced a mixture of dinitroBaPs (1,6- and 3,6-isomers) and mononitroBaPs (1-, 3- and 6-isomers). Pure 1,6-dinitroBaP and 3,6-dinitroBaP were obtained by the reduction of the dinitroBaPs mixture with NaSH to yield the separable products 1-amino-6-nitroBaP and 3-amino-6-nitroBaP, followed by conversion to dinitroBaPs via the the diazonium salts. The half-wave potentials (E1/2) corresponding to the one-electron reduction of dinitroBaPs were measured and the relationship of these values to the mutagenicity is discussed.

Benzopyrenes↗