[Amoebic liver abscess].
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Antitrichomonal Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
S Kamiya
Publications and source records attributed to S Kamiya.
[A case of internal hernia through a defect in the falciform ligament treated with laparoscopic surgery].
A 22-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with abrupt onset of upper abdominal pain. Abdominal US and CT revealed dilatation of the small intestine between the abdominal wall and a lateral segment of the liver. After a diagnosis of an internal hernia through a defect in the falciform ligament, emergency surgery was performed. Laparoscopic investigation showed incarceration of the small intestine in a defect of the falciform ligament. After releasing an incarceration, the hernia orifice was opened to prevent relapse. He was discharged on the 4th postoperative day. Internal hernia through a defect in the falciform ligament is extremely rare, with six reported cases including our own in Japan. Characteristic images of abdominal US and CT enable preoperative diagnosis of this condition. Surgery should be performed at an early stage after onset. In patients with no prior history of surgery, laparoscopic techniques may be useful.
Adult↗
The Listeria monocytogenes DnaK chaperone is required for stress tolerance and efficient phagocytosis with macrophages.
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen which can escape bactericidal mechanisms and grow within macrophages. The intracellular environment of macrophages is one of the most stressful environments encountered by an invading bacterium during the course of infection. To study the role of the major stress protein, DnaK, of L. monocytogenes in survival under intracellular stress induced by macrophage-phagocytosis as well as under extracellular environmental stresses, we cloned, sequenced, and analyzed the dnaK locus from L. monocytogenes. Then we constructed an insertional mutation in the dnaK gene by homologous recombination and characterized it. Sequencing has revealed that the dnaK locus consists of four open reading frames in the order hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ. The mutant grows neither at temperatures above 39 degrees C nor under acidic conditions e.g. pH 3.0. Using the macrophage cell line JA-4, the ability of the dnaK mutant to grow intracellularly was examined. Immediately after phagocytosis, the number of viable dnaK mutant bacteria found within macrophages was significantly lower compared to that of intracellular wild type bacteria. However, following a 1-3 h latency period, the mutant multiplied in a similar fashion to the wild type within macrophage cells. A quantitative analysis of intracellular bacteria in macrophage cells by microscope and a binding assay of bacteria to the surface of macrophages by ELISA revealed that the lower number of viable dnaK mutant in macrophages after phagocytosis is due to the low efficiency of phagocytosis resulting from the reduced binding capacity of the dnaK mutant. These results demonstrate that DnaK of L. monocytogenes is essentially required for survival under high temperatures and acidic conditions. Though it does not largely contribute to the survival of L. monocytogenes in macrophage cells, it is essential for efficient phagocytosis. This is the first evidence that DnaK is required for the efficient phagocytosis of a facultative intracellular pathogen with macrophages.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Reactivity of monoclonal antibody to HSP60 homologue of Helicobacter pylori with human gastric epithelial cells and induction of IL-8 from these cells by purified H. pylori HSP60.
The monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated H20, which recognizes heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) of Helicobacter pylori, was previously established; and the epitope recognized by the mAb was shown to be species-specific. Using immunohistochemical staining of six gastric biopsy specimens with the H20 mAb, gastric epithelial cells of four biopsy samples stained positively. Flow cytometric analysis showed that H20 mAb reacted with primary human gastric epithelial (PHGE) cells, though the reactivities of the mAbs were different among the PHGE cells prepared. These results indicate that the species-specific epitope recognized by H20 mAb exists on human gastric cells. In addition, affinity-purified HSP60 from H. pylori by H20 mAb induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from PHGE cells (in one of four cases). These results indicate that H. pylori HSP60 induces IL-8 secretion from human gastric cells, and the levels of IL-8 differ among the various prepared PHGE cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Production of monoclonal antibodies neutralizing vacuolation of cultured cells by Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin.
We have succeeded in producing monoclonal antibodies which neutralize the vacuolation of rabbit kidney cells by a cytotoxin produced by Helicobacter pylori. Vacuolating activity of several H. pylori strains correlated with ELISA values using these monoclonal antibodies and culture supernatants of the strains. These results indicate that the molecules recognized by the monoclonal antibodies might be the vacuolating toxin produced by H. pylori. In addition, the sera from patients with gastritis and gastric cancer reacted strongly with the antigens captured by the monoclonal antibodies from the supernatant containing H. pylori vacuolating toxin.
Animals↗
Mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of the human phospholipase C-delta 1 gene is associated with loss of function.
The delta-type phospholipase C (PLC) is thought to be evolutionally the most basal form in the mammalian PLC family. One of the delta-type isoforms, PLC-delta 1, binds to both phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) with a high affinity via its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. We report here a missense mutation in the region encoding the C-terminal PH domain of the human PLC-delta 1. This is also the first report of a mutation in the human PLC genes. A single base substitution (G to A) causes the amino acid replacement, Arg105 to His. Site-directed mutagenesis of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST)/PLC-delta 1 fusion protein changing Arg105 to His resulted in a fourfold decrease in the affinity of specific Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding and a reduction in PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysing activity to about 40% of that of the wild-type enzyme. This remarkable loss of function can be interpreted in terms of a conformational change in the PH domain.
Blood Proteins↗
Phospholipase C isozymes in the human brain and their changes in Alzheimer's disease.
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C is a key enzyme in signal transduction. We have previously demonstrated that an isozyme of phospholipase C, phospholipase C-delta1, accumulates aberrantly in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we examined the property of phospholipase C isozymes in human brains using the methods of chromatofocusing and gel filtration chromatography, and investigated their changes in Alzheimer's disease brains. The chromatofocusing profile of human brain phospholipase C activity on a Mono P HR column demonstrated that phospholipase C-gamma1, exhibiting an isoelectric point value of 5.2, and phospholipase C-delta1, exhibiting isoelectric point values of 5.2 and 4.6, are partly overlapped in their elution. In contrast, the elution profiles of control and Alzheimer's disease brain phospholipase C on Superdex 200 pg column gel filtration chromatography indicated that phospholipase C-gamma1 and phospholipase C-delta1 can be separated with the elution position having a molecular weight of about 240,000 and 140,000, respectively, in the human brain. Using this gel filtration chromatography it was revealed that the phospholipase C-gamma1 activity was significantly decreased and the phospholipase C-delta1 activity was significantly increased in Alzheimer's disease brains compared with controls. These results suggest that the phospholipase C isozymes are differentially involved in Alzheimer's disease.
Aged↗
Intracellular receptors for activated C-kinase in the postmortem human brain: no alteration in Alzheimer disease.
Previous studies have identified a 36-kDa protein that has the properties of an intracellular receptor for the activated C-kinase (RACK1). In the present investigation we quantified levels of RACK1 protein in brains from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-matched controls. Western analysis using a specific antibody showed that the protein levels for RACK1 were not significantly different in AD brains than in controls, indicating that RACK1 is preserved in AD.
Aged↗
A virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori: role of heat shock protein in mucosal inflammation after H. pylori infection.
Among the various virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori the role of its heat shock protein 60 (HSP60, HspB) in mucosal inflammation after H. pylori infection was examined. In flow cytometric analysis, the expression of HSP60 on the cell surface was different, depending on the H. pylori strain used. The HSP60 epitope was also detected on the surface of both human gastric cancer cells (MKN45, KATOIII, and MKN28) and human gastric biopsy specimens. The intensity of the expression of HSP60 on the cell surface correlated significantly with the adhesion of H. pylori to MKN45 cells, but not with urease activity and production of vacuolating cytotoxin. A monoclonal antibody to H. pylori HSP60 inhibited the adhesion of H. pylori to MKN45 cells. These results suggest that HSP60 of H. pylori might act as an important virulence factor after H. pylori infection.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Establishment and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody to inhibit adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelial cells.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that inhibit adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric cancer (MKN45) cells were established to clarify the mechanism of adhesion of H. pylori. Of 53 hybridoma clones screened by the primary inhibition assay for adhesion, MAb A20 of IgM class was selected on the basis of both its reactivity to whole cells of H. pylori by ELISA and its inhibitory effect on adhesion of H. pylori. The adhesion of H. pylori strain TK1029 to MKN45 cells was inhibited by MAb A20, depending on the concentration of the MAb. The MAb recognised the surface antigen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of H. pylori, suggesting that LPS is associated with adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric epithelial cells.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
[Current status of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age in Nairobi, Kenya].
Two hundreds and twenty-six children under five years of age with pneumonia were recruited from an urban poor area in Nairobi, Kenya, and examined for pathogens for 1 year from February 1997. One hundred and twenty-eight of the 226 patients were pathogen-positive cases. The patients under 1-year-old were 61.8% of the pathogen-positive cases. A total 192 organisms were isolated from 128 pathogen-positive patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae had the highest prevalence rate of 31.3%, followed by respiratory syncytial virus with 10.4%, Candida albicans with 9.9%, Moraxella (B) catarrhalis with 7.8%. In S. pneumoniae, 66.7% of the organism was resistant to oxacillin. It was also shown that 51.1% and 65.1% of the S. pneumoniae strains were resistant to gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfam, respectively. From these results, it is clear that a lot of multi-drug resistant S. pneumoniae strains including penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae were frequently detected in an urban poor area.
Acute Disease↗
[The role of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) of Helicobacter pylori in adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric epithelial cell].
Adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to both human gastric carcinoma cell lines (MKN45, MKN28 and KATO III) and prepared primary human gastric epithelial cells were analyzed with flow-cytometry. All strains adhered to human gastric carcinoma cells. Especially, these strains strongly adhered to MKN45 cells. Adhesion of H. pylori strains to prepared primary human gastric epithelial cells was also observed. However, the adherence rates of H. pylori to these cells were different among the cells used. These results suggested that the host factor might be important for adhesion of the bacteria to human gasgric cells. In addition, H20 monoclonal antibody directed to H. pylori HSP60 inhibited the adhesion of H. pylori to both cells. These results indicate that H. pylori HSP60 might be associated with the adhesion of the bacteria to human gastric epithelial cells.
Bacterial Adhesion↗
Detection of Helicobacter pylori in fecal samples of gnotobiotic mice infected with H. pylori by an immunomagnetic-bead separation technique.
By an immunomagnetic-bead (IMB) separation technique, isolation of Helicobacter pylori from gastrointestinal and fecal samples of gnotobiotic mice infected with the microorganism was tried. The isolation rate of H. pylori from stomach samples after IMB separation was not higher than that of direct culture of the samples. After IMB separation of feces, H. pylori was detectable by PCR, although H. pylori was not culturable.
Animals↗
Effects of prostaglandin E1 on hepatic blood flow in conscious dogs with chronic biliary obstruction.
To evaluate the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the hepatic circulation in cholestasis, hepatic arterial blood flow (HAP), portal venous blood flow (PVF), cardiac output, and heart rate during PGE1 infusions were investigated before and 2 weeks after biliary obstruction in conscious dogs by a transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter. In the control period, HAF and PVF increased dose dependently with the infusion of PGE1 from 0.05 to 0.5 micrograms/kg/min. During the biliary obstruction period, a lower dose of PGE1 increased HAF and PVF. The plasma concentration level of PGE1 during the infusion of PGE1 was significantly higher at each dose in the cholestatic animals. These results suggest that the metabolism of PGE1 is attenuated by cholestasis. Plasma PGE1 concentrations should be useful in deciding the optimal dose of PGE1.
Alprostadil↗
[Effects of affective intensity and pleasantness on memory of dialogues].
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of affective intensity and pleasantness on memory. One hundred and nineteen undergraduates read 15 dialogues, taking one speaker's position, and then rated each dialogue on two emotional dimensions. One hour later, subjects were given an incidental memory test about the dialogues. In agreement with most research done so far, recall for affectively intense dialogues was better than recall less intense dialogues. More importantly, it was indicated that recall for pleasant dialogues was better than that for unpleasant dialogues when the intensity level was high. It is necessary to consider not only affective intensity but also pleasantness when the relation between affective nature of stimuli and recall is discussed.
Adult↗
BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties.
A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells.
Animals↗
A new antitumor antibiotic, BE-19412A, produced by a streptomycete.
A new antitumor substance, designated BE-19412A, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. A19412. The active principle was extracted from the mycelium by methanol and purified by Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. BE-19412B was prepared by methylation of BE-19412A. BE-19412A and B exhibited cytotoxic activity against murine and human tumor cell lines. BE-19412A prolonged the survival of CDF1 mice bearing i.p. implanted Ehrlich carcinoma cells.
Animals↗
Relationship between expression of HSP60, urease activity, production of vacuolating toxin, and adherence activity of Helicobacter pylori.
The relationship between the expression of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) of Helicobacterpylori on the bacterial surface and its pathogenic factors of urease activity, production of vacuolating toxin, and adherence to human gastric carcinoma cells was examined. There was no correlation between urease activity, production of vacuolating toxin, and the expression of HSP60. However, there was a significant correlation between the adherence activity to human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cells and the expression of HSP60 (correlation coefficient; r = 0.68). In an inhibition assay with anti-HSP60 antibody, we examined the adhesion of H. pylori to MKN45 cells. The adherence of 3 of 13 H. pylori strains was inhibited by anti-HSP60 antibody. The results suggest that H. pylori HSP60 may be associated with the adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric cells.
Bacterial Adhesion↗