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Biomedical subjects

S Kamidono

Publications and source records attributed to S Kamidono.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A new approach to orthotopic bladder replacement using the transplanted bowel segment.

PURPOSE: When constructing an orthotopic neobladder, a short colonic mesentery may make the operation difficult. We have developed a new technique to autotransplant a free segment of intestine into the pelvis to augment the bladder. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this animal feasibility study, we used eight female dogs to perform orthotopic bladder replacement using a transplanted bowel segment. A segment of bowel was transected and revascularized between the ileal artery of the reservoir and the internal iliac artery in the end-to-end fashion. RESULTS: Follow-up studies revealed that the bladder autoaugmentation using the transplanted bowel segment was functional and free of leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Our work in dogs demonstrates that the use of an autotransplanted segment of intestine appears to be feasible for augmenting the bladder in those cases where mechanical difficulty arises in anastomosing the urinary reservoir to the urethra. This procedure merits clinical evaluation in cases that present difficulty for completing orthotopic neobladder.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Bacterial adherence in a rat bladder augmentation model: ileocystoplasty versus colocystoplasty.

PURPOSE: Various intestinal segments are used to reconstruct the urinary tract. For unclear reasons asymptomatic chronic bacteriuria is common in patients treated with reconstruction. We compared bacterial adherence in ileum, colon and bladder in rats with ileal and colonic bladder augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder augmentation using ileum or colon was performed in 8-week-old rats. After 3 months urinary pH was measured and urine was cultured. Urovirulence factors of Escherichia coli aspirated from the augmented bladders were detected by polymerase chain reaction. In rats with negative urine culture after augmentation experimental cystitis was induced by the transurethral inoculation of E. coli C5, with type I pili and aerobactin or E. coli C92 with type I pili, P fimbriae and aerobactin at a concentration of 10(5) colony forming units per 0.3 ml. After 14 days we counted the colony forming units per cm.(2) of bladder and cm.(2) of intestinal augmentation tissue. RESULTS: When cultures were negative, mean urinary pH plus or minus standard deviation for ileocystoplasty (7.35 +/- 0.33) was significantly higher than that for colocystoplasty (6.80 +/- 0.45) or in controls (6.67 +/- 0.30). Bacterial colonization occurred in 60 of 96 ileocystoplasties (62.5%) and 36 of 68 colocystoplasties (52.9%). All 32 E. coli strains aspirated from ileocystoplasties had type I pili. In colocystoplasties 14 strains had type I pili, 4 had P fimbriae and type I pili, and 1 had no virulence factor. In experimental cystitis in the ileal patch and bladder there were 10(3.2) to 10(6.2) (log mean 4.9) and 10(1.1) to 10(5.1) (log mean 3.5) colony forming units of E. coli C5, respectively. In the colonic patch and bladder there were 10(2.2) to 10(6.2) (log mean 3.9) and 10(2.1) to 10(5.1) (log mean 3.7) colony forming units of E. coli C5, respectively. In the ileal patch and bladder versus the colonic patch and bladder there were 10(3.2) to 10(6.2) (log mean 5.0) and 10(3.1) to 10(6.1) (log mean 4.5) versus 10(3.2) to 10(6.2) (log mean 4.3) and 10(2.1) to 10(6.1) (log mean 3.8) colony forming units of E. coli C92, respectively. E. coli C5 adhered to more ileum than bladder, while bacterial adherence did not differ for colon and bladder. Adherence of E. coli C92 did not differ significantly in bladder and implanted ileum or colon. CONCLUSIONS: The colonic segment offers more resistance to E. coli than the ileal segment in urinary diversion.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Long-term follow-up of children with surgically treated primary vesicouretral reflux].

We reviewed the symptoms of hypertension and proteinuria and evaluated the renal function in patients aged 15 and over with surgically treated primary vesicoureteral reflux. Twenty-two patients were enrolled in this study. There were no patients with hypertension except one patient with proteinuria. The extraction factor by Heyman's method in these patients tended to increase with age at operation and decrease with the grade of reflux at operation. There findings suggest that long-term follow-up is particularly essential to patients who had severe reflux and underwent anti-reflux surgery in the early stage of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Diagnostic value of MRI for the female urethral diverticulum.

A woman, who discharged pus at the time of intercourse, was diagnosed to have a urethral diverticulum by combination of urethroscope and MRI. MRI provided clear view of the diverticulum in terms of the relationship with the surrounding organs.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Human heparanase: roles in invasion and metastasis of cancer].

Heparanase, which is an extracellular matrix degradative enzyme, degrades heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are chief components of extracellular matrix and vascular basement membrane. The gene structure of this enzyme was recently determined. The biological functions of this enzyme in vivo were as follows: 1) this enzyme accelerates cancer cell invasion and metastasis though the degradation of vascular basement membrane and extracellular matrix by cancer cells; 2) this enzyme releases and activates heparin-binding growth factors such as bFGF and VEGF from heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and induces angiogenesis; 3) the degradative products of heparan sulfate proteoglycans by this enzyme suppress the biological function of activated T-lymphocytes. Therefore, heparanase is thought to be a favorable molecule for acceleration of cancer invasion and metastasis. The expression of heparanase is strongly correlated with the metastasis of melanoma and fibrosarcoma. Thus, heparanase may play important roles in invasion and metastasis of cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Increased angiogenin expression in the tumor tissue and serum of urothelial carcinoma patients is related to disease progression and recurrence.

BACKGROUND: The progression of solid tumors is at least partly dependent on angiogenesis, the induction of which is mediated by several angiogenic factors, including angiogenin (ANG). The authors evaluated the expression of ANG in the tumor tissue and serum of patients with urothelial carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of ANG in 5 human bladder carcinoma cell lines and 24 urothelial carcinomas (10 superficial carcinomas and 14 invasive carcinomas) and in corresponding normal urothelial tissues was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis. Serum levels of ANG in 52 healthy volunteers and in 135 patients with urothelial carcinomas (81 superficial carcinomas and 54 invasive carcinomas) were measured by using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: ANG mRNA transcripts were detected in all of the bladder carcinoma cell lines, urothelial carcinomas, and normal tissues. The mean level of ANG expression in invasive urothelial carcinomas was 4-fold higher than in superficial carcinomas and 5-fold higher than in normal tissues. The mean serum ANG concentration for invasive urothelial carcinoma patients (514.6+/-211.1 ng/mL) was significantly higher than for superficial urothelial carcinoma patients (381.7+/-169.3 ng/mL) and healthy volunteers (337.5+/-71.4 ng/mL). The overall survival rate of patients with elevated serum levels of ANG was significantly lower than that of patients with normal levels. Moreover, among the 47 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who underwent complete resection, the disease free survival rate of patients with elevated serum levels of ANG was significantly lower than that of patients with normal levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ANG is strongly expressed in the tumor tissue and is present in high levels in the serum of patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma compared with superficial carcinoma patients and that elevation of serum ANG level could be used as a novel predictor of the prognoses of patients with urothelial carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Elevation of serum levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor is associated with disease progression and prognosis in patients with prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Several investigators have revealed that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) are overexpressed in serum as well as in tumor tissues in patients with various types of cancer. In this study, we examined whether the serum levels of uPA and uPAR could be used as predictors of the progression and prognosis of prostate cancer. METHODS: Serum levels of uPA and uPAR in 54 healthy controls, 62 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and 72 patients with prostate cancer were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The mean serum levels of uPA and uPAR in patients with prostate cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and patients with BPH. Furthermore, the serum uPA and uPAR levels in prostate cancer patients with metastasis were significantly elevated compared with those in patients without metastasis. Among patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, the serum levels of uPA and uPAR in patients with pathologically organ-confined disease were significantly lower than in those with advanced disease. The overall survival rate of prostate cancer patients with elevated serum levels of either uPA or uPAR, or of both, was significantly lower than that of patients with normal serum levels of uPA and uPAR. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the elevation of serum levels of either uPA or uPAR, or of both, could be used as new predictors of progression and prognosis in patients with prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Synergistic antitumor effects of interleukin-12 gene transfer and systemic administration of interleukin-18 in a mouse bladder cancer model.

We introduced the interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene into the mouse bladder cancer cell line (MBT2) to establish sublines that secrete bioactive IL-12. IL-12-secreting MBT2 (MBT2/IL-12) sublines were completely rejected when subcutaneously implanted into immunocompetent syngeneic C3H mice. Although this antitumor effect did not change when IL-12-secreting cells were injected into immunodeficient mice whose CD8(+) T or CD4(+) T cells had been depleted by the corresponding antibody, it was abrogated when natural killer cells were depleted by anti-asialoGM1 antibody. In addition, when parental MBT2 cells mixed with MBT2/IL-12 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice, admixed MBT2/IL-12 inhibited the growth of the parental tumor. Furthermore, this antitumor effect was enhanced by systemic IL-18 administration. This synergism was abrogated when the mice were treated with interferon-gamma-neutralizing antibody in vivo. In conclusion, local secretion of IL-12 led to effective antitumor activity that was enhanced by systemic administration of IL-18. Interferon-gamma plays an important role in the synergism of IL-12 gene transduction and systemic administration of IL-18.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Decrease in apoptosis of germ cells in the testes of infertile men with varicocele.

To determine whether the regulation of apoptosis in the testes of patients with varicocele testes was abnormal, affecting germ-cell differentiation and sperm production, we studied apoptosis in the testes of normal men and infertile men with varicocele. In all, 56 testicular biopsy specimens were collected from 28 varicocele patients. The specimens from the testes of five normal volunteers with informed consent were used as controls. In situ end-labeled cells were counted with a CAS 200 image analyzer, and an apoptotic index (AI) was calculated by division of the number of labeled cells by the total number of spermatocytes and spermatogonia in over 20 seminiferous tubules. The apoptosis was also examined by electron microscope. The mean AI was 9.67 +/- 0.93% in normal testes (n = 5). In contrast, the mean AIs determined in the right and left testes of varicocele patients (n = 28) were 3.90 +/- 2.28% and 3.78 +/- 2.87%, respectively. The AIs recorded for the testes of varicocele patients were significantly lower than those noted for normal men (P < 0.05). In varicocele patients the AI obtained in the right testis was not statistically significantly different from that found in the left testis. The numbers of apoptotic cells per Sertoli cell also decreased in the testes of varicocele patients as compared with normal men (P < 0.01). Evaluation of all specimens, including the normal controls, revealed no significant correlation either between the AI and the sperm concentration on the seminogram or between the AI and Johnsen's mean score. There was also no relationship between the AI and the serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, testosterone, or estradiol. In conclusion, apoptosis is decreased in germ cells in the testes of infertile men with varicocele as compared with normal men.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Synergistic enhancement of resistance to cisplatin in human bladder cancer cells by overexpression of mutant-type p53 and Bcl-2.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of mutant-type p53 and Bcl-2 expression on the sensitivity to cisplatin in a human bladder cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We transfected mutant-type p53 cDNA, Bcl-2 cDNA, or both cDNAs into KoTCC-1, a human bladder cancer cell line that does not express mutant-type p53 or Bcl-2 protein. The effects of the overexpression of mutant-type p53, Bcl-2, or both on the sensitivity to cisplatin and the apoptotic features in vitro were evaluated by the MTT assay, staining with Hoechst 33258 and a DNA fragmentation assay. We then examined the in vivo effects of cisplatin treatment on the transfectants by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumor cell injection models in athymic nude mice. RESULTS: The introduction of mutant-type p53 or Bcl-2 conferred resistance to cisplatin on KoTCC-1 cells through the inhibition of apoptosis. This phenotype was more remarkable in the cell line transfected with both mutant-type p53 and Bcl-2 than in the cell lines transfected with either mutant-type p53 or Bcl-2 alone. Furthermore, the KoTCC-1 cells transfected with both mutant-type p53 and Bcl-2 exhibited significantly higher resistance to cisplatin treatment than cells transfected with mutant-type p53 or Bcl-2 alone in experimental models in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the overexpression of both mutant-type p53 and Bcl-2 in bladder cancer cells synergistically interferes with the therapeutic effect of cisplatin through the inhibition of the apoptotic pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Conservative therapy for stage T1b, grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively evaluate the usefulness of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and intravesical instillation for pT1bG3 transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. METHODS: Between May 1984 and May 1997, 45 patients with pT1bG3 transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder underwent TURBT and intravesical instillation with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or other anticancer agents. Random biopsy was carried out in 37 patients. The recurrence-free survival rate was determined by tumor size, number of tumors, lymphovascular invasion, and drugs used for intravesical instillation. The median follow-up period was 63 months (range 4 to 145) after the initial TURBT. RESULTS: Of 37 patients who underwent random biopsy, concomitant carcinoma in situ was detected in 18 patients (48.6%). The incidence of concomitant CIS was significantly higher in patients with multiple tumors (P = 0.029). Vesical recurrence was noted in 16 patients (35.6%). The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 88.5%, 66.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. Progression (muscular invasion) occurred in only 2 patients (4.4%). Total cystectomy was performed in 4 patients, including the 2 patients with progressive disease, and 2 patients with recurrent CIS that resisted BCG therapy. None of the patients died of bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that aggressive attempts at initial or subsequent TURBT combined with BCG therapy achieved good control of pT1bG3 transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Elevation of serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor as a new predictor of recurrence and disease progression in patients with superficial urothelial cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in patients with urothelial cancer could be used as a predictor of recurrence and disease progression. METHODS: Serum levels of VEGF in 51 healthy controls and 135 patients with urothelial cancer (81 superficial and 54 invasive cancers) were measured using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay, and the results were analyzed with respect to several clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: Significant differences in the serum VEGF level were observed between healthy controls and patients with superficial urothelial cancer (34+/-12 pg/mL versus 49+/-27 pg/mL, P<0.001) and between healthy controls and patients with invasive cancer (34+/-12 pg/mL versus 51+/-35 pg/mL, P<0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in the serum VEGF level between superficial and invasive cancers (49+/-27 pg/mL versus 51+/-35 pg/mL, P = 0.31). Among patients with superficial cancer, the disease-free survival rate of patients with elevated serum levels of VEGF was significantly lower than that of patients with normal levels (P<0.05). The progression-free survival rate of superficial cancer patients with elevated serum levels of VEGF was also significantly lower than that of patients with normal levels (P<0.01). In addition, Cox's multivariate analysis revealed that the elevation of serum VEGF level was strongly associated with disease-free survival and progression-free survival in patients with superficial cancer (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the elevation of serum VEGF level could be used as a new independent predictor of recurrence and disease progression in patients with superficial urothelial cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Expression of MAGE genes in testicular germ cell tumors.

OBJECTIVES: Some of the MAGE gene family that encode tumor-rejection antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes are expressed at the mRNA level in various malignant tumors. However, these genes are silent in normal tissues, except in the testis and placenta. It is therefore important to understand how MAGE gene expression changes with malignant transformation of the testis. We investigated the expression of MAGE-1, -2, -3, and -4 genes at the mRNA level in testicular germ cell tumors. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for MAGE genes was performed using 32 testicular germ cell tumor specimens. RESULTS: MAGE-1, -2, -3, and -4 mRNA was detected in 16 (72%), 15 (68%), 18 (82%), and 17 (77%) of 22 patients with pure seminoma or mixed type with seminomatous elements. MAGE-1 , -2, -3, and -4 mRNA was found in 2 (20%), 5 (50%), 4 (40%), and 4 (40%) of 10 patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). The expression rate of MAGE-1, -3, and -4 mRNA was significantly higher in patients with seminomatous elements than that in those with NSGCT. MAGE expression did not correlate with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: MAGE genes are more preserved in seminoma than in NSGCT. This suggests that seminoma has traits more similar to normal testis than does NSGCT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Expression of CD44 adhesion molecules in nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma and normal kidneys.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between the alterations in the expression of the CD44 gene in nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and several clinicopathologic factors. METHODS: The expression of the CD44 gene in 10 human RCC cell lines, 60 nonpapillary RCC tumor samples, and 15 normal kidney samples was investigated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a set of primers capable of amplifying all CD44 variant isoforms. The results were analyzed with respect to several clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: Nine of the 10 human RCC cell lines predominantly expressed the standard CD44 isoform (CD44s); CD44v10 was the major isoform in the 10th RCC cell line. The 15 normal kidney samples revealed the identical CD44 gene expression pattern; that is, CD44s, CD44v8-10, and CD44v10 were detectable in normal kidneys, and among them, CD44s was expressed most dominantly. In the 60 nonpapillary RCC samples, CD44s, CD44v8-10, and CD44v10 were the major isoforms in 46 (77%), 11 (18%), and 3 (5%) cases, respectively. Furthermore, the incidence of the predominant expression of CD44v8-10 in high-stage RCC was significantly higher than that in low-stage RCC. CD44s was more frequently expressed as a major isoform in clear cell RCC than in other histologic types of RCC. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the alternative splicing pattern of CD44 gene in RCC is different in each histologic type of RCC and suggest that CD44v8-10 upregulation in the progression of nonpapillary RCC is important.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prostatitis--the Japanese viewpoint.

Japanese inclusion criteria in acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis are explained. Objective criteria of acute prostatitis are a bacterial count of 10(4) cfu/ml or more and 10 or more WBCs/hpf in VB1 or VB2. Criteria for chronic prostatitis are a bacterial count of 10(3) cfu/ml or more (if only Gram-positive cocci are isolated from EPS, a bacterial count of 10(4) cfu/ml or more is required) and 10 or more WBCs/hpf (including macrophages) in EPS or VB3. Secondly, we describe recent topics such as bacterial biofilm formation in prostatic tissues by electron microscopy in three out of 12 patients with intractable chronic prostatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Overexpression of Bcl-2 enhances metastatic potential of human bladder cancer cells.

We investigated the effect of Bcl-2 expression on the metastatic process of bladder cancer cells by using the Bcl-2-transfected human bladder cancer cell lines (KoTCC-1/BH) and the control vector only-transfected cell line (KoTCC-1/C), which were generated in our previous study (Miyake et al (1998) Oncogene 16: 933-934). When they were injected intravenously into athymic nude mice, KoTCC-1/BH formed more than three times as many tumour nodules in the lungs as did KoTCC-1/C. In addition, tumour progression, including lymph node metastasis and haemorrhagic ascites, was observed to be more advanced after the implantation of KoTCC-1/BH cells into the bladder wall of nude mice than after implantation of KoTCC-1/C cells. These enhanced malignant progression of KoTCC-1/BH cells were well correlated with anti-apoptotic activity under anchorage-independent conditions in in vitro experimental models. In contrast, there were no significant differences among these cell lines in their growth rates both in vitro and in vivo, invasive ability and cell motility. These findings suggest that, if it is overexpressed, Bcl-2 prolongs cell survival under unfavourable conditions encountered in the metastatic process, resulting in the enhanced metastatic potential of bladder cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Outcome of precise vesicourethral anastomosis following retropubic radical prostatectomy using a Foley catheter.

PURPOSE: In order to evaluate precise anastomosis using a Foley catheter, complications following radical retropubic prostatectomy were examined. METHODS: Twenty-one patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. Precise vesicourethral anastomosis was performed, visualizing the urethral stump by raising up the urogenital diaphragm using a Foley catheter. Complications, such as prolonged urinary extravasation and temporary urinary retention, were checked when the catheter was removed. Incontinence was evaluated both within 6 weeks and more than 6 weeks after operation. Anastomotic and urethral strictures were also checked during follow up. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 47 months (mean (+/- SD) 22.0 +/- 12.1 months). Eighteen of 21 patients (85.7%) achieved continence after the operation. However, two patients still had stress incontinence and one patient had mild incontinence. Neither prolonged urinary extravasation nor temporally urinary retention were observed. Anastomotic and urethral stricture were not experienced during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Precise anastomosis using a Foley catheter is technically easy and useful, even for relatively inexperienced urologists, to perform. Patients can often achieve continence following this procedure.

Adult↗