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Biomedical subjects

S Kamath

Publications and source records attributed to S Kamath.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Further studies on the heterogeneity of antigens recognised by CD-1 monoclonal antibodies: distribution of epitopes and analysis of serological binding patterns.

The binding patterns of 28 monoclonal antibodies (MAB) recognizing antigens belonging to Cluster of Differentiation One (CD-1) were analyzed in order to investigate heterogeneity within this cluster. Competitive binding assays using radiolabelled MAB provided detailed information on CD-1 antigenic heterogeneity, and demonstrated that at lease six epitopic regions are recognised as CD-1 MAB. Further studies, based on single cell suspension immunofluorescence assays (using thymocytes and subclones on the cell line Molt-4), suggested that the majority of MAB studied could be serologically separated into three groups. In view of the most recent information that CD-1 MAB recognize at least three different early T-cell differentiation molecules, our results indicate that there are three or more distinct epitopes on the 'gp49'(HTA-1/CD-1a) molecule, two on the 'gp45'(HTA-3/CD-1b) molecule and one on 'gp43'(HTA-2/CD-1c).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of a p43 human thymocyte antigen.

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), designated WM-25 and WM-35, have been prepared which react with human thymocyte cell surface membrane antigens. Both antigens were found to be expressed by normal and leukaemic immature human thymocytes. However, comparative examination by tissue section staining, immunoprecipitation, and electrophoresis, as well as competitive binding studies, demonstrated clear differences in the antigens detected by these two MoAbs. Antibody WM-35 identified a 48 kilodalton (kD) protein expressed on epidermal Langerhans cells as well as thymocytes, and appears similar to the previously reported Mabs OKT-6 and NA1-34. In contrast, MoAb WM-25 immunoprecipitated a 43 kD antigen, non-covalently associated with a 12 kD light chain, which was not present on Langerhans cells. Competitive binding and sequential immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that the 48 and 43 kD proteins are antigenically distinct. These results support the concept of at least two forms of thymocyte antigens within Cluster of Differentiation One (CD-1).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Assessment of continuing education preferences in Illinois.

A survey of Illinois Dietetic Association members was done to determine demographic characteristics and continuing education (CE) preferences. Nine hundred and seven usable questionnaires (39%) were returned. Preferences were related to present position, age, number of years in job, year of highest degree, and route to ADA membership. A high preference for nutrition care topics was associated with a high number of respondents employed as clinical dietitians. Members from the Chicago metropolitan area differed from other members in preferences for CE topics and reasons for nonattendance at CE programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Teaching noncognitive skills to dietetic students: a model.

The purpose of this article is to present a model for a course that teaches noncognitive skills to dietetic students in a workshop format. The course was developed by the Department of Nutrition and Medical Dietetics in consultation with the Counseling Service at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The behavior change project and dietary compliance workshop serve as the unifying focus of the course. Also stressed are the dietitian's role as a change agent, personality-type differences, and videotape feedback on interviewing and counseling. Attention to the varying roles of change agents helps students see the dietitian as a potentially powerful instrument of change. Discussing differences in personality types leads to a realization that there is more than one appropriate way to approach professional activities. The activities on dietary compliance and behavior change integrate all other aspects of the course by examining the multiple factors that affect whether clients change eating behaviors.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1983

Taste thresholds of patients with cancer of the esophagus.

Twelve patients with untreated cancer of the esophagus and 14 control subjects matched for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption were tested for taste thresholds. Taste acuity for the four basic tastes was evaluated by three stimulus forced choice techniques (Henkin). There were no significant differences between the groups for detection and recognition thresholds for sour, salty, sweet, or bitter taste stimuli. Comparison of patients' detection and recognition thresholds with those of eight young healthy nonsmokers showed marked differences. Salivary urea nitrogen concentration was not different between patients and matched controls and did not correlate with bitter taste thresholds. Variable results have been reported for taste sensitivity in patients with malignant disease. In view of the results of this study and the many factors which influence taste acuity, it appears that a general statement regarding taste alterations in cancer patients cannot be made. Choice of appropriate control groups to correct for factors known to affect taste but not related to cancer per se is important for proper interpretation of taste testing results.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Arterial steroid receptors and their putative role in the mechanism of hypertension.

Data from clinical and experimental studies indicate that mechanism(s) for action of mineralocorticoids, other than renal, must be involved in the overall effect of mineralocorticoids on circulation--increased peripheral resistance and hypertension. We have postulated existence of such a mechanism in the arterial wall and have looked for the evidence for its presence. We have found high affinity, specific binders for mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids, with characteristics of steroid receptors, in the cytosol of rabbit aorta and femoral and carotid arteries. These binders possess physico-chemical properties of steroid receptors and, moreover, they translocate to cell nuclei (as steroid-receptor complexes) and bind to relatively specific "acceptor-sites" on nuclear chromatin. This provides evidence for the existence in the arterial wall of a molecular mechanism for a direct in situ action of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. The mineralocorticoid receptors are not present in veins. We have also found that chronically elevated levels of 11-desoxycorticosterone (DOC) result in a marked increase in permeability of arterial smooth muscle cell membrane to sodium ions; this is in accord with findings of other investigators in the rat. This change presumably leads, through a chain of biochemical events, to increased arterial and arteriolar smooth muscle contractility, increased peripheral resistance and hypertension. Study is in progress to determine whether the effect of DOC on arterial smooth muscle cell-membrane permeability to electrolytes is elicited through the receptor-mediated mechanism for the in situ action of mineralocorticoids in the arterial wall. It is postulated that this mechanism is primarily responsible for "mineralocorticoid hypertension", but may well be instrumental also in pathogeneses of various other forms of hypertension, including "essential".

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Observations on the length and diameter of vessels forming the circle of Willis.

The dimensions of vessels forming the circle of Willis were studied in 100 fixed brains from cadavers. The coefficient of variation for length was greatest for the anterior communicating artery, and that for diameter was greatest for the posterior communicating artery. Abnormally narrow diameter occurred in 25 vessels of 24 circles and was most frequently seen in the posterior cerebral (11) and posterior communicating arteries (10). A significant inverse relationship existed between the diameters of the posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries of the same side. The left cerebral hemisphere appeared to enjoy a better blood supply.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1979

The mast cells of the mammalian central nervous system. IV. Culture of neurolipomastocytoid cells from rabbit and rat leptomeninges.

Leptomeningeal cells of 1-3 day-old rabbits and rats were cultured in Hamm's complete medium or in Eagle's Basal Medium (BME); the latter proved to be favorable for the present research. Three types of granular cell could be differentiated and isolated from other mesenchymal, neuronal and neuroglial elements. These three closely resembled (i) mast cells (MCs), (ii) neurolipomastocytoid cells (NLMs), and (iii) typical macrophages. Because MCs are absent from adult rabbit leptomeninges but present in the rat, it was concluded that the MC-like elements in rabbit cultures were derived from precursor cells normally capable of producing NLMs. The macrophages appeared typical, but their cell of origin, as that of the MCs and NLMs, could not be determined conclusively; a small round mononuclear cell might have given rise to all three cell types. NLMS, like MCs but unlike macrophages, are sensitive to the MC-discharger compound 48/80. This finding, plus the peculiar morphological features of the NLMs, in addition to evidence of a strong phagocytic activity by the macrophages, distinguishes the mature NLMs from mature macrophages as distinct cellular entities. It is closely concluded that NLMs in culture resemble ordinary MCs more closely.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968-February 1970: GETAH virus isolations from mosquitoes.

14 strains of Getah virus were isolated from a variety of mosquito species collected in Sarawak between October 1968 and February 1970. Ten strains were isolated from C. tritaeniorhynchus 7 of them at K. Tijirak. Single strains were isolated from C. gelidus, C. pseudovishnui, M. bonneae/dives and Aanopheles species. 6 of the isolates were obtained in October 1968 when Japanese encephalitis, Tembusu and Sindbis viruses were also very active. The available evidence suggest that Getah virus in Sarawak is maintained in a cycle similar to that of Japanese encephalitis virus and involves C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. gelidus and domestic pigs.

Arbovirus Infections↗
PubMed1975

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968-February 1970: human serological studies in a land Dyak village.

449 human sera collected in a Land Dyak village were tested for antibodies to 11 arboviruses. Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus antibodies were particularly prevalent. The rates of infection with these viruses were estimated to be 5-2% per annum for Japanese encephalitis, 8-8% for dengue 1 and 4-3% for dengue 2. Chikungunya virus antibodies were quite common with an annual infection rate of the order of 5% per annum. Infections with other Group A and B and Bunyamwera group viruses were generally at a low level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968--February 1970 Tembusu and Sindbis virus isolations from mosquitoes.

Thirty isolations of Tembusu virus and four of Sindbis virus were obtained from approximately 280 000 mosquitoes collected between October 1968 and February 1970 in Sarawak, particularly from K. Tijirak, a Land Dyak village 19 miles South of Kuching. Twenty-two isolations of Tembusu virus and two of Sindbis virus were from Culex tritaeniorhynchus; two of Tembusu virus and two of Sindbis virus came from Culex gelidus. Tembusu virus was active throughout the year at K. Tijirak, the highest infection rates in C. tritaeniorhynchus being in January-March and May-August, when the C. tritaeniorhynchus population was declining and ageing. These results confirm that C. tritaeniorhynchus is the principal arthopod host of Tembusu virus in Sarawak. Antibody studies suggest that birds, particularly domestic fowl, are probably vertebrate maintenance hosts of Tembusu and Sindbis viruses in Sarawak.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in Malaysia.

One hundred and ninety hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAG+) sera were subtyped, belonging to : blood donors, hepatitis patients, patients and staff in a hemodialysis unit, all from Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian aborigines from three jungle locations in Peninsular Malaysia; and East Malaysians from Sarawak, East Malaysia; Three subtypes adr, adw and ayw were present in Malaysia in the following frequencies: 44%, 29%, and 27%, respectively; In Kuala Lumpur 87% had subdeterminant d and 13 per cent y, whereas in the deep jungle aborigines of Perak and Pahang, the y subdeterminant was present in 87% and the d in 13%. A similar pattern of preponderance of y prevailed in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In Kuala Lumpur the two main ethnic groups, Malays and Chinese, differed in subtype distribution, in that adr predominated in the Malays (61%), while the adw predominated in the Chinese (51%); Subtype distribution was not related to age or sex of carriers of the antigen, or to whether they had hepatitis, or asymptomatic antigenemia.

Blood Donors↗