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Biomedical subjects

S Kamata

Publications and source records attributed to S Kamata.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effect of metronidazole on TPN-associated liver dysfunction in neonates.

The effect of metronidazole (MNZ) on hepatic dysfunction associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in neonates was investigated. Neonates receiving TPN for more than 2 weeks were divided into three groups. In group 1, TPN was given alone, in group 2, 25 mg/kg/d of MNZ was administered intravenously for the first 2 weeks of TPN, and in group 3, 50 mg/kg/d of MNZ was given for the first 3 weeks of TPN. Several parameters of liver function tests (LFTs) during the first 4 weeks of TPN were compared among these three groups. There was no significant difference of these parameters between group 1 and group 2. Although there was no significant difference of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, direct bilirubin, and total bile acid between groups 1 and 3, transaminase (glutamic oxaloacetic, glutamic pyruvic) of group 3 remained significantly lower than those of group 1. In conclusion, the administration of MNZ 50 mg/kg/d for 3 weeks, at least, prevented the elevation of transaminase during TPN in neonates, suggesting the possible involvement of intestinal anaerobic flora in the pathogenesis of TPN-associated liver dysfunction.

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of thromboxane receptor antagonists with bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ring systems.

Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists 11a, 15a, 26a, 30a, 34a, 36a, 46a, 52a, 61a, 72a, and 82a, which contain 6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 6-thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, or 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ring systems with heptenoic and (phenylsulfonyl)amino side chains, and their corresponding sodium salts and methyl esters were synthesized. This study then examined the inhibitory effects of their sodium salts for the platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid with rabbit platelet-rich plasma and platelet aggregation induced by collagen with rat washed platelets.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identification of staphylococci from bovine mastitis and an examination of their susceptibility to antibiotics and beta-lactamase production.

Strains of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitic milk at 66 dairy farms in Japan during the period from November 1988 to May 1989 were identified, and examined for their drug susceptibility and beta-lactamase production in order to clarify an epidemiological aspect of bovine mastitis caused by staphylococci. The results of bacteriological identification showed that the most predominant species was S. xylosus. Other major species isolated were S. aureus, S. sciuri and S. hyicus. Thirty-eight (71.7%) isolates of S. xylosus, 21 (45.7%) of S. aureus and 5 (71.4%) of S. epidermidis were positive for beta-lactamase production. Most of the beta-lactamase-producers of S. aureus were classified as high producers, although all of the beta-lactamase-positive S. xylosus isolates remained to be low producers. All isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to methicillin and cloxacillin at 6.25 micrograms/ml and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, and none of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were detected. Isolates of other species were considered to be susceptible to 6 beta-lactams, in contrast to human isolates, but antibacterial activities of penicillin G and ampicillin were affected more strongly by beta-lactamase than those of methicillin, cloxacillin, cefazolin and cefoperazone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Congenital dilatation of the bile duct in 100 instances and its relationship with anomalous junction.

Congenital dilatation of the bile duct (CDBD) or choledochal cyst has been demonstrated to be associated with an anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system. Multifarious clinical signs and symptoms of CDBD have been shown to be closely related with the presence of this anomalous junction. In the present study, 100 instances of CDBD treated surgically at our institutions during a 30 year period were classified into two types according to the morphologic features of dilatation of the bile duct; there were 77 instances of the cystic type and 23 of the cylindric type. Morphologic features of the lesion, clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings in these 100 instances were clinically analyzed. In almost all of the patients who were less than one year of age, the disease was of the cystic type and patients presented with either a palpable mass or jaundice as the main symptom. In patients more than one year of age, the disease was of either the cystic or cylindric type. A history of episodes of characteristic abdominal pain accompanied by elevated levels of serum amylase was present in 70 of the patients with the cystic type of disease and in all of the patients with the cylindric type. Histologic sections from the patients showed glandular formation with chronic inflammation, possibly a result of refluxed activated pancreatic juice; in contrast, histologic sections from the remaining patients of all ages showed only thickening of the fibrous layer. Thus, such variable morphologic features and clinical signs and symptoms in CDBD are highly dependent on two factors--the age at onset and the reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct through the common channel.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of causative bacteria for bovine mastitis and their susceptibility to beta-lactam antibacterial agents].

During the period from November 1988 to May 1989, causative bacteria in a total of 172 clinical mastitis cases observed in 66 farms in 5 districts with 6 areas in Japan were examined and frequencies of their occurrences were determined. Susceptibilities (in MICs) of the isolates to 6 beta-lactam antibacterial agents were also determined. As a result, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was identified in 94 out of 172 cases (54.7%) and were the most prevalent. Corynebacterium spp., Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were found in 52 (30.2%), 49 (28.5%) and 43 (25.0%) cases, respectively. Four species of Streptococcus family (S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis and S. bovis) were identified in a total of 58 cases (33.7%). Susceptibility testing of CNS to cefoperazone (CPZ), cefazolin (CEZ), benzylpenicillin (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC) and cloxacillin (MCIPC) showed that all MIC80's (inhibiting bacterial growth of 80% of all isolates) were within a range from 0.10 to 3.13 micrograms/ml and that there was no marked differences in antibacterial effects among the antibiotics used. The highest antibacterial effect on S. aureus was exhibited by MCIPC, which inhibited the growth of all isolates at 0.39 microgram/ml. The MICs of DMPPC against all isolates of S. aureus were 3.13 micrograms/ml or less and no methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected. There was no difference in antibacterial activities against Streptococcus family between penicillin antibiotics (DMPPC, MCIPC, ABPC and PCG) and cephem antibiotics (CPZ and CEZ), both of which showed excellent antibacterial activities. Cephem antibiotics exhibited higher activities against Gram-negative bacteria than penicillin antibiotics. Especially CPZ, the third generation cephem, showed excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., as well as against other Enterobacteriaceae.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical treatment of aortic root aneurysm associating with infectious endocarditis].

From 1979 to 1989, aortic root aneurysms were encountered in 6 of the 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for infectious endocarditis. Four patients underwent aortic valve replacement and direct or patch closure of the orifice of aortic root aneurysm. In additional 2 patients with infected aneurysm of right coronary sinus of Valsalva rupturing into the right ventricle, the aneurysm and infected tissue in the right ventricular outflow tract were completely resected and the defect of aortic sinus and VSD were closed with double Teflon fabric patches. All patients survived postoperatively, however, one patients died 1.5 months after the operation probably due to rupture of mycotic aneurysm of cerebral artery. Another late death seemed to be concerned with recurrent aortic root aneurysm, in which case direct closure of aneurysm had been performed. We believe that even if the aneurysm seems to be small, its orifice should be closed with the use of a fabric patch to prevent recurrent aneurysm formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Perioperative change of plasma endotoxin levels in early infants.

As a preliminary study to elucidate the relationship of endotoxemia to postoperative morbidity, the plasma endotoxin levels in 64 surgical neonates were quantitated by the chromogenic limulus test (Toxicolor test; Seikagaku Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan). The preoperative levels of plasma endotoxin were 64 +/- 59 pg/mL in the group of infants with perforated peritonitis (n = 9), 63 +/- 51 pg/mL in the group of infants with gastroschisis (n = 7), and 15 +/- 16 pg/mL in the group of infants with ileus (n = 28), while the mean level was 6 +/- 5 pg/mL in the remaining 20 surgical neonates who had no signs of ileus or peritonitis. In the serial determination of plasma endotoxin in 28 neonates, the levels on the first postoperative day increased significantly compared with the preoperative levels (16 +/- 18 pg/mL to 46 +/- 25 pg/mL, P less than .01). They decreased gradually to 8 +/- 5 pg/mL within a week in 15 neonates who had no postoperative complications. However, in 13 neonates who had postoperative complications such as wound infection or postoperative ileus, the postoperative levels of plasma endotoxin increased to a much higher level and remained there. In this article the relationship of clinical endotoxemia to postoperative thrombocytopenia and hyperbilirubinemia is analyzed, and the usefulness of evaluating endotoxemia in surgical neonates is discussed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

[Case report of catecholamine-secreting carotid body tumor].

We encountered a case of catecholamine-secreting carotid body tumor which has never been reported in Japan. The patient was a 20-year old man, who complained of a mass located at the right neck and hypertensive symptoms such as loss of consciousness at extension of the neck, fatigability, etc. Carotid angiography and computed tomography (CT scan) revealed a carotid body tumor. Before operation, a mild hypertension was noted, serum and urinary levels of norepinephrine showed abnormal increase, and phentolamine test was positive. After the tumor was dissected by a surgical procedure associated with carotid reconstruction, blood pressure and norepinephrine levels clearly trended to decrease and phentolamine test returned to negative. Histopathologically, the tumor was a paraganglioma with so-called "organoid" pattern. The tumor was not chromaffin, but the presence of neurosecretory granules was confirmed under electron microscope. In one-year follow up after the operation, no sign suggestive of "latent" or newly arising paraganglioma was noted in assay of catecholamines in serum and urine, nor on adrenal CT scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hydramnios associated with congenital mesoblastic nephroma: case report.

A case is reported of hydramnios due to excessive fetal urine production associated with congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Rapid growth of a right renal tumor and excessive fetal urine production were detected by measuring the size of the tumor and hourly fetal urine production during the development of hydramnios between 28-34 weeks of gestation. A female infant weighing 2200 g was born at 34 weeks' gestation. She lost 18% of her birth weight in the first 48 hours because of neonatal polyuria. Right nephrectomy and ureterectomy were performed 2 days after birth. After the operation, the neonatal polyuria improved dramatically. The right renal tumor was identified histologically as a mesoblastic nephroma. The importance is stressed of early and correct antenatal diagnosis of a renal tumor and precise estimation of urine production for postnatal management of hemodynamic change in cases of mesoblastic nephroma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of spermatocytic seminoma].

In April, 1987, we treated a 33-year-old male patient who presented a painless swelling of the right scrotal content of 6 months duration. After surgery, the resected testis weighed 130 g, and the cut surface showed an edematous, white-yellow, homogenous tumor. A histopathological examination revealed a typical spermatocytic seminoma composed of three types of tumor cells. The small cells had pyknotic nuclei and an eosinophilic cytoplasm while the medium-sized cells and most of the giant cells had nuclei containing granular chromatins. Some of giant cells contained a filamentous, chromatin-like spireme of primary spermatocytes. A chest X-ray, CT scanning and lymphography revealed no metastatic lesions, and the patient is still alive with no evidence of disease 10 months after the orchiectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Ovarian response and induction of ovulation with human menopausal gonadotropin of different ratio of FSH to LH content in women with ovarian insufficiency].

Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) with different ratios of FSH to LH content (FSH: LH = 1.2:1 (GNR 1.2), FSH:LH = 1.6:1 (GNR 1.6), FSH:LH = 3:1 (GNR 3) in biological activity, respectively) was used in this study to examine the effects of these hMGs on ovary, and subsequent follicular maturation and ovulation. In 5 women, 300 IU of hMG (GNR 1.2, GNR 1.6 and GNR 3) was injected in turns during different midfollicular phases of the cycle (day 5-day 9) and serum estradiol (E2) was measured at 0, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs after injection to assess ovarian response to different hMG. Serum E2 response at 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs after injection of hMG compared to the preinjected E2 level were 2.2, 1.8, and 1.5 fold with GNR 1.2; 2.6, 2.4 and 1.9 fold with GNR 1.6; and 2.2, 2.4 and 2.3 fold with GNR 3, respectively. These hMGs were administered in turns to women who were suffering from amenorrhea (6 cases), anovulatory (8 cases) and luteal phase dysfunction (10 cases) for treatment of ovarian dysfunction. The mean doses of hMG per cycle required to induce ovulation were 1,125 IU with GNR 1.2, 1,050 IU with GNR 1.6 and 925 IU with GNR 3 in these 24 women. The success rates for ovulation with GNR 1.2, GNR 1.6 and GNR 3 were 70.8, 79.2 and 87.5%. The appearance rates for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with GNR 1.2, GNR 1.6, and GNR 3 were 4.2, 8.3 and 8.3%, respectively. These results infer that a different ratio of FSH to LH in hMG has an effect on follicular maturation and ovulation, and that the increase in the rate of ovulation and prevention of OHSS may accompany the regulating of this ratio, and that hMG with a higher FSH content (ratio of FSH to LH is more than three) should be studied further as a promising agent to use in inducing ovulation in women.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1988

[Long term prognosis after massive small bowel resection in children].

Eight survivors after massive small bowel resection were reviewed for a period of 2 to 19 years to assess the long term prognosis of patients. The primary diseases of short bowel syndrome were congenital intestinal atresia (6) and midgut volvulus (2). The length of the residual small intestine ranged between 27 and 75 cm and ileocecal valve was also resected in 3 cases. All cases had been already weaned from parenteral nutrition and six children tolerate normal meals and two have still enteral formula at home now. Near normal somatic growth was achieved in cases which received intensive nutritional supports after operation. The D-Xylose absorption test revealed gradual improvement except one with the shortest intestine (27 cm) and fat absorption was disturbed in patients who had less than 45 cm residual intestine. Late metabolic complications, such as renal calculus, cholelithiasis and pathologic fractures were encountered in three cases.

Child, Preschool↗