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Biomedical subjects

S Kamal

Publications and source records attributed to S Kamal.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Safety of pharmacological (intravenous dipyridamole) stress for Thallium-201 perfusion imaging in patients with coronary artery disease unable to exercise.

Exercise Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging is a sensitive technique for detection of CAD. However, in patients unable to perform exercise pharmacological stress with intravenous dipyridamole can be used to dilate coronaries. Out of 125 patients (21 men and 104 women; mean age 52.03 years) evaluated, 110 were considered to be unable to perform adequate stress by their physician while remaining 15 had LBBB. One hundred and seven patients had chest pain with or without a remote MI while 18 individuals were clinically asymptomatic but had ECG abnormalities. Intravenous dipyridamole was administered at a rate of 0.142 mg/kg/min for 4 min. After 3 min an i.v. bolus of T1-201 was given. Diffuse or occipital headache of mild to moderate intensity occurred in 50 (40%) cases; 39 patients experienced chest pain and had either a positive thallium scan (26 cases) suggestive of CAD or a normal thallium study (15 cases). Complete relief from dipyridamole induced symptoms was brought by i.v. aminophylline and sublingual nitrate in 51 of 54 cases (94%) and 11 of 18 (61%) respectively. We, therefore, conclude: 1) i.v. dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy offers a safe, effective and reliable method for evaluating CAD in those who are unable to perform adequate exercise and 2) parenteral aminophylline is very effective antidote to dipyridamole.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of coronary artery disease using locally prepared myocardial perfusion agent 99mTc-MIBI.

Technetium (99mTc) labelled isonitrile complexes are recently introduced agents for imaging myocardial perfusion and viability. This study presents the first clinical experience with a locally prepared agent 99mTc methoxy iso butyl isonitrile (MIBI). Sixteen randomly selected cases (M:F 14:2, mean age 48 years) were included; clinically 4 patients were asymptomatic, 6 had history of MI while remaining 6 had angina with no previous incidence of MI. Separate injections were given for rest and stress studies either on the same day (9 cases) or on separate days (7 cases). All patients were stressed according to the Modified Bruce Protocol and 99mTc MIBI was injected at peak stress. Early blood pool and delayed static images showed reasonably good localization of MIBI in the viable myocardium and image quality was also comparable to what has been reported in literature. Scans were negative for any perfusion abnormality in 6 cases, positive for single vessel disease in 6 and for two vessels disease in 4 patients. We conclude that the locally prepared 99mTc MIBI has optimal sensitivity and pharmacokinetic properties for myocardial imaging and detection of CAD. Moreover the local preparation would also entail considerable foreign exchange saving.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Myofilament lengths of cat skeletal muscle: theoretical considerations and functional implications.

The cat is the primary model for neuromuscular research. However, sarcomere geometry, in particular thin-myofilament lengths of cat skeletal muscles, is not known, thus preventing adequate muscle modeling on the sarcomere level. The purpose of this study was to determine thin-myofilament lengths in cat skeletal muscle. It was found that average thin-myofilament lengths of cat tibialis anterior muscles (1.12 microns) were larger than the average values reported for frog (approximately 0.95 microns), rat (1.09 microns), and rabbit muscles (1.09 microns) and were smaller than the values reported for monkey (1.16 microns) and human skeletal muscles (1.27 microns). According to the cross-bridge theory of muscular contraction, this result implies that the range of sarcomere length on the ascending limb of the force-length relation for cat muscle is between those of frog, rat, and rabbit on the one side and monkey and human on the other side. It is speculated that the differences in thin-myofilament lengths of different animals are related to the functional demands of these muscles in everyday movement tasks. Isolated experimental observations appear to support this speculation.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1991

Differentiation of cirrhotic Vs idiopathic portal hypertension using 99mTc-Sn colloid dynamic and static scintigraphy.

Thirty-seven cases of portal hypertension with endoscopically proven oesophageal varices underwent liver biopsy to determine the etiology of portal hypertension. Of the total, 19 had cirrhosis and 18 idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). Later all these patients underwent Tc99mSn colloid, static and dynamic scintigraphy of the liver and spleen. Ratios of the area and of the integral and slope of the integral for liver and spleen were calculated to see if any of these ratios can differentiate cirrhotics from IPH. Significant difference (P less than 0.001) was noted in the ratio of the area (L/S) in both patients and controls, but the ratios of the integral and the slope of the integral were not only significantly different (P less than 0.001) in the patients and controls but also in the two groups of patients (cirrhosis and IPH). The sensitivity of this test when compared with the histology was 58% for both cirrhosis and IPH but when compared with clinical diagnosis it was 76% for cirrhosis and 62% for idiopathic group. Therefore by adding the above mentioned test in the routine study of liver scintigraphy in patients with portal hypertension, further differentiation of cirrhotic group can be done from the idiopathic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Open trial of sultopride in psychiatric emergencies].

The effectiveness of sultopride in acute psychiatric syndromes with prominent agitation was tested in patients seen in the emergency department of a general hospital. Among 32 patients, 26 were given a single injection of 200 mg and 6 had two injections. Seven items were evaluated at ten minute intervals for one hour. Results showed excellent control of agitation and anxiety but little effect on delirium, hallucinations and depression. Furthermore, the patients' unwillingness to be cared for can be overcome by this agent and diagnosis, therapy and orientation can be established. These good results are partly achieved as early as 20 minutes after the injection. Psychomotor agitation thus appears to be the choice indication of sultopride.

Amisulpride↗
PubMed1983

Assessment of right ventricular function and anatomy using peripheral vein infusion of krypton 81m.

A method for imaging the right side of the heart (atrium, ventricle and main pulmonary artery) and for assessment of RV systolic function (ejection fraction and ejection rate) is described. An ultra-short-lived isotope (81Krm) is continuously eluted in 5% dextrose and infused into an ante-cubital arm vein; standard multigated images are acquired using a gamma camera and commercially available software. Preliminary evaluation of the method in 55 subjects (20 with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, 14 with dilated cardiomyopathy and 21 normal volunteers) showed that the technical success rate was 100%; that RV boundaries free from LV overlap can be clearly visualised due to efficient exhalation of 81Krm through the lungs and that 81Krm measurements of RVEF are reproducible. The technique offers considerable potential for serial non-invasive assessment of RV function.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1980

[Mental confusion].

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Cognition Disorders↗