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Biomedical subjects

S Kagawa

Publications and source records attributed to S Kagawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Measurement of serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in patients with malignant tumor using prolifigen TPA-M "Daiichi" kit].

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was measured using a newly developed Prolifigen TPA-M "Daiichi" kit in 1,236 healthy subjects, 2,867 patients with malignant tumors, and 901 with benign diseases. Because 94.0% of healthy subjects had serum TPA under 70 U/l, the cut-off value was set at 70 U/l. Serum TPA was elevated in more than 50% of patients with head and neck cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder or bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall positive rate in malignant tumors was 55.5%. Serum TPA was higher in advanced cancer than in earlier stage cancer, and decreased after the resection of the tumor. The false positive rate in benign diseases was 31.3%. ROC analysis revealed the usefulness of TPA as a tumor marker in many cancers. The correlation coefficient between TPA and CYFRA 21-1, and between TPA and TPSA, was 0.747 and 0.694, respectively. In conclusion, measurement of serum TPA using the new kit is useful in the management of patients with various malignant tumors.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1996

[Efficacy of granisetron rescue therapy for nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapies in urogenital malignant tumor].

In this study, the usefulness of granisetron rescue therapy for nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapies, including CDDP, was examined. Granisetron was given to twenty patients with urogenital malignant tumor by iv infusion for thirty minutes after the onset of nausea or vomiting. Nausea disappeared in 15 out of 20 patients (75%), 8 of whom (40%) experienced its disappearance while the granisetron was being administered. Vomiting was perfectly controlled in 5 out of 20 patients (25%) for 24 hours after the granisetron administration. No adverse event seemingly due to granisetron was observed. The result of this study confirmed the speedy effect granisetron on nausea induced by cancer chemotherapy including CDDP, but it stopped short of demonstrating sufficient efficacy for vomiting. Prophylactic use, therefore, seems more desirable in view of the patient's QOL, when a highly emetogenic anti-tumor drug, such as CDDP, is used.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of pituitary adenoma progressing to pituitary apoplexy on the occasion of cerebral angiography].

A case of pituitary adenoma which had progressed from subclinical pituitary apoplexy to subacute pituitary apoplexy on the occasion of cerebral angiography is reported. A 29-year-old man, complaining of bitemporal hemianopsia, was admitted to our department. Plain skull X-p revealed enlargement and double floor of the sella turcica. No abnormal calcification was revealed. CT demonstrated an isodensity mass with a diameter of 4 x 4 cm, and with ring enhancement in the suprasellar region. The mass extended from the intrasellar region to the suprasellar region and had a signal of high intensity on T1-weighted images. Endocrinological examination revealed hyperprolactinemia with a serum level of 422 ng/ml and normal reaction of anterior pituitary hormones. On 3rd March, digital subtraction angiography with 5F catheter was performed with the patient under sedation. The contrast medium was ioxaglic acid (Hexabrix 320). A volume of 6 ml with a speed of 4 ml per second was injected for the internal carotid angiogram. A total volume of 60 ml was used. Serum saline with 10 unit per ml of heparin sodium was also used for flushing. During angiography, the patient's blood pressure was 125/60-115/60mm Hg. DSA revealed upward displacement of the proximal portion of the anterior cerebral artery, pocket formation, and staining of the tumor capsule. Six hours later, he complained of retroorbital headache. Next morning, he noticed complete lack of left visual acuity. On 7th March, right visual acuity degenerated to blindness. CT revealed that the mass had increased its density. With bifrontal osteoplastic craniotomy, the tumor with marked intratumoral hemorrhage was resected. Its histology was chromophobe adenoma. The patient's right visual acuity improved rapidly. On the occasion of cerebral angiography, we could observe that subclinical pituitary apoplexy deteriorated to subacute pituitary apoplexy. Rosenbaum postulated that injection of contrast media increased intravascular pressure leading to pituitary apoplexy. At present, we cannot postulate increased intravascular pressure with 5F catheter and DSA. We cannot rule out that, with underlying subclinical pituitary apoplexy, hemorrhagic infarction due to contrast media and the anti-coagulate effect of heparin sodium accelerated the intratumoral bleeding. Subclinical pituitary apoplexy is a vulnerable state because of its aggravation to symptomatic apoplexy under mild stress. We emphasize that an operation should be performed as early as possible in the case of subclinical pituitary apoplexy.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

[Recombinant virus-mediated transfer of the wild-type p53 gene is a potent therapeutic strategy for human cancer].

Tumor suppressor p53 gene, which is most commonly mutated in human cancers, plays an important role in the control of cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Transfection of the wild-type p53 gene into tumor cells induced either growth suppression or apoptosis. We have examined the effect of the recombinant retroviral or adenoviral vector expressing the wild-type p53 gene on the tumor cell proliferation as well as on the sensitivity of infected-tumor cells to various anticancer agents. The possible application of recombinant virus-mediated direct in vivo transfer of the wild-type p53 gene to human cancer therapy will be discussed.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1995

cDNA cloning of a new putative ATPase subunit p45 of the human 26S proteasome, a homolog of yeast transcriptional factor Sug1p.

The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA that encodes a new regulatory subunit, named p45, of the 26S proteasome of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells has been determined. The polypeptide predicted from the open reading frame consists of 406 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 45770 and isoelectric point of 8.35. The sequences of several fragments of bovine p45, determined by protein chemical analyses, spanning 27% of the complete structure, were found to be in excellent accord with those deduced from the human cDNA sequence. Computer analysis showed that p45 belongs to a family of putative ATPases which includes regulatory components of 26S proteasomes. The overall structure of p45 was found to be homologous to that of yeast Sug1p, which has been identified as a transcriptional factor. It is closely similar, but not identical to the sequence reported for Trip1, a functional homolog of Sug1p in human tissues. These results are consistent with the possibility that Sug1-like proteins with distinct sequence function in transcription and protein degradation in human cells. However, the alternative hypothesis, that the same gene locus encodes both p45 and Trip1, cannot be excluded on the basis of such closely similar sequences. In either case, both proteins are likely to function equivalently well in either transcription or protein degradation.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1995

Establishment of a xenogeneic chimera without GVHD in NK cell-depleted SCID mice by grafting rat fetal liver cells.

Rat lymphopoiesis did not develop when naive SCID mice were transplanted with rat fetal liver cells. However, when SCID mice were depleted of NK cells by administration of anti-murine IL-2R beta mAb before transplantation, remarkable reconstitution of both rat T and B cells was observed in these mice without any evidence of graft-versus-host disease macroscopically or histologically. T cells in these reconstituted mice proliferated well in response to Con A and third-party rat and mouse antigens, whereas no response was seen to the stimulation with either donor rat- or host mouse-type cells. When these xenogeneic chimera mice had been immunized with SRBC, these mice exhibited DTH reaction and antibody production against the homologous antigen. These results indicate that rat fetal liver cells can differentiate to functional T and B cells in the xenogeneic microenvironment of SCID mice, if host NK cells are depleted beforehand. These rat-type T cells develop within SCID thymuses and acquire tolerance to either donor F344 rat or host SCID mouse antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Coexistence of nitric oxide synthase, tyrosine hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in human penile tissue--a triple histochemical and immunohistochemical study.

Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been believed to act as a neuronal messenger to mediate penile erection. In the present study using human penile tissue, we investigated the coexistence of neuronal NO synthase (NOS), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) by a triple staining method using NADPH diaphorase (ND) staining, a specific histochemical marker of neuronal NOS, and immunohistochemical staining for TH and VIP. Numerous ND-positive nerve fibers and TH-containing fibers were seen in axon bundles, but their distributions were different. Only a few axons in the bundles showed VIP immunoreactivity. Abundant fine varicose nerve terminals innervating cavernous smooth muscles and deep and helicine arteries were observed. The proportion of fibers showing TH-immunoreactivity in ND-positive terminals in the cavernous space was about 25%, and that of VIP was about 40%. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide may act as a coworker in these fibers both in cavernous trabeculae and around arteries, as about 40% of NOS-containing fibers also showed VIP immunoreactivity. The physiological significance of the colocalization of TH and NOS is unclear, and further studies are required to know the physiological significance of the colocalization of NOS and other neurotransmitters in penile tissue.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

High-level expression of the CD44 variant sharing exon v10 in renal cancer.

To examine whether renal cell carcinoma displays altered CD44 expression we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of CD44 in 38 specimens from renal cancer, normal kidney and metastases of 19 patients and 6 renal cancer cell lines. To detect the CD44 variants, we utilized the RT-PCR Southern blot method. One out of 19 (5.3%) renal cancer specimens expressed a larger molecular weight band than 1 kb by RT-PCR analysis, in contrast to previous findings in colon and breast cancer. The band patterns in RT-PCR were different in 14/17 (82.4%) cases between normal kidney and tumors, and a band of about 700 bp was especially marked in 12/17 (70.6%) tumor specimens and 4/6 (66.7%) cell lines. By cloning and sequencing of the 700 bp band, we found that this variant is identical to the CD44 variant sharing only exon v10. Examination by Northern blot analysis has revealed that all tumors express a higher level of CD44 mRNA than paired normal kidneys. These findings suggested that the CD44 variants sharing exon v10 play some role in renal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Familial hyperparathyroidism associated with jaw fibroma: case report and literature review.

A 53-year-old female suffering from renal stones and hypercalcaemia was diagnosed as having primary hyperparathyroidism caused by hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. She underwent total parathyroidectomy and implantation of parathyroid tissue. After one year, she underwent surgery for a jaw tumour. The pathological findings indicated it to be a cementifying fibroma. Jackson et al. (1990) reported the familial association of hyperparathyroidism with jaw tumours, and they suggested that this condition represents a new clinical syndrome. We believe that our case belongs to this syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1995

The etiology of bladder cancer--are there any new clues or predictors of behavior?

It is well documented that the etiology of bladder cancer involves environmental factors. Most chemical carcinogens probably affect the urothelial cells via their presence in the urine. As an important cofactor, cell proliferative activity may be increased by urinary bladder infection, irritation by bladder stones or through the action of a variety of endogenously produced direct acting chemicals or agents. Among the known causative factors, avoidable major ones are occupational exposure to certain chemicals such as benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, cigarette smoking and bilharzial infection, which could be eradicated by a combination of praziquantel, antihelminth therapy, education and improvements in social welfare. An anticarcinogenic drug, cyclophosphamide, used as an immunosuppressive agent also seems to be associated with a high risk of idiopathic induction of bladder cancer and physicians should therefore pay particular attention to its diverse effects when considering its prescription. In contrast to the above, the consumption of coffee and tea including artificial sweeteners is now thought unlikely to be major risk. So far there is no good biochemical tool to predict individual exposure to bladder carcinogens/or relative risk of bladder cancer development. However, acetylation capacity can be applied to assess susceptibility to carcinogenic amines in people exposed in their working environment. Progress in molecular biological analysis will hopefully bring to light etiology-specific DNA damage in the bladder tumors and prove useful for prediction of tumor behavior in the near future.

Diet↗
PubMed1995

The Camey-Le Duc antireflux technique for the Koch pouch: evaluation of the upper urinary tract.

Between November 1989 and June 1993, 41 patients (78 renal units) underwent Camey-Le Duc technique for prevention of reflux of a Kock pouch. In 30 patients the ileal reservoir was connected to the skin for cutaneous urinary diversion, and in 11 it was connected to the urethra for lower urinary reconstruction. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 23 months, with a range of 6-47 months. Postoperative excretory urography (IVP) was performed at least once a year to evaluate the upper urinary tract configuration, and ascending cystography was performed to evaluate the reflux. No urinary tract dilatation was observed in 73 renal units (93.6%), while slight dilatation was noted in 3 (3.8%), moderate dilatation in 1 (1.3%), and marked dilatation in 1 (1.3%). Reflux was not found in any patient. Of 23 renal units in 12 patients in whom the last IVP examination was performed 6 months postoperatively, dilatation was noted in 4 (17.4%). In contrast, of 55 renal units in 29 patients in whom the last IVP examination was performed 12 months or more after the Kock pouch operation, dilatation was noted in only 1 (1.8%). We conclude that the Camey-Le Duc antireflux technique is effective in terms of simplicity and reliability.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of moderately increased intrapelvic pressure on renal tissue pressure and vasopressin release in rabbits.

Electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerves and activation of intrarenal receptors increases plasma vasopressin concentration, but the role of afferent renal nerves in the control of vasopressin secretion is not clear. Recently, we reported that activation of renal mechanoreceptors stimulates the release of vasopressin. However, intrapelvic pressure was increased to 50 mmHg, and this increase is above the normal physiological range. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of moderately increased intrapelvic pressure on plasma vasopressin concentration in anesthetized rabbits. First, we measured renal tissue pressure while intrapelvic pressure was increased stepwise in 10-mmHg increments. Basal renal tissue pressure was 17 +/- 2 mmHg. Renal tissue pressure increased only when intrapelvic pressure was higher than the basal tissue pressure of each animal. Usually, increases in intrapelvic pressure less than 20 mmHg did not increase renal tissue pressure. This finding suggests that only increases in intrapelvic pressure more than 20 mmHg can activate renal mechanoreceptors. Based on this finding, the effects of moderate increases in intrapelvic pressure (15 and 30 mmHg) were studied. With a 15-mmHg increase in intrapelvic pressure, plasma vasopressin concentration did not change significantly. However, when intrapelvic pressure was increased to 30 mmHg, plasma vasopressin concentration increased from 5.6 +/- 1.4 to 9.5 +/- 2.8 pg/ml at 5 min (p < 0.05) and to 8.8 +/- 2.0 pg/ml at 10 min (p < 0.05). Plasma renin activity and mean arterial pressure also increased when intrapelvic pressure was increased to 30 mmHg. We conclude that moderate increases in intrapelvic pressure stimulate vasopressin secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of cavernous artery by color Doppler ultrasonography--significance of ultrasonic beam angle].

Penile Doppler ultrasonography is widely accepted as an essential examination in the diagnosis of impotence. However, measurement blood flow velocity using Doppler ultrasonography may be subject to some errors. We performed color Doppler ultrasonography in 63 patients with normal penile vascular function as diagnosed using positive responses to intracavernous pharmacological stimulation. We compared the Doppler measurement results of the 126 cavernous arteries and the ultrasonic beam angles. We used a Hitachi EUB 515, a sonographic probe of 7.5 MHz, a sampling width of 0.8 mm, a sampling depth of 1 mm, and a wall motion filter was not used. Ultrasonic beam angles were 5 to 77 degrees. The mean peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity values were 40. 0 cm/s and 3.9 cm/sec, respectively. The peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity values remained stable regardless of the ultrasonic beam angles (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.56, p = 0.70). However, the variance of values became greater when the ultrasonic beam angles was larger than 55 degrees in the case of peak systolic velocity (F test, p < 0.05) and 50 degrees in the case of end diastolic velocity (F test, p < 0.05), indicating a reduction in reliability. Resistance index variance was significantly higher when ultrasonic beam angle exceeds 50 degrees (F test, p < 0.05). We believe that we should accept only those cavernous artery peak systolic velocity measurements as reliable when the ultrasound beam angle is less than 55 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Molecular genetic analysis of a family with von Hippel-Lindau disease].

We analyzed germline mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene located at chromosome 3p25 in a family of VHL disease by using single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and Southern blot analyses. In 10 individuals including 2 patients with multiple renal cell carcinomas, multiple pancreatic cysts and cerebellar hemangioblastoma, there are no positive results in SSCP analysis. However, in 2 patients and one kindred, same abnormal band was observed in Southern blot analysis. Moreover, in this one kindred of 17 years old girl, multiple pancreatic cysts were found by computerized tomography (CT). These results shows the alteration in the VHL gene is a major rearrangement but not a small mutation and this alteration caused VHL disease in this family. Furthermore, presymptomatic diagnosis by direct mutation analysis seems to be very useful for early detection of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[New nocturnal penile tumescence recorder].

BACKGROUND: Records of nocturnal penile tumescence are still important test and necessary to distinguish organic impotence from psycogenic impotence. METHODS: We developed the nocturnal penile tumescence recorder with a disposab indiumgallium straingauge, and we examined its clinical usefulness for volunteers with normal erectile function. RESULTS: The results were that the indium-gallium straingauge had almost the same resistance change with extension, and that it showed almost the same resistance value at respective circumferences with consecutively ten times measurements. Only two of thirty-nine volunteers experienced the snapping of the indium-gallium strain-gauge. None of the volunteers complained of discomfort during measurements. The nocturnal penile tumescence of five volunteers were recorded with a conventional mercuric straingauge and a newly developed indium-gallium straingauge simultaneously, and there were no significant differences between the results of the two materials. This recorder is very simple to manage, and the softwares for preservation of data and making graph are also simple. This new straingauge is clean and dose not require maintenance because of the disposable use. CONCLUSION: We concluded that this recorder system was clinically useful for t examination of nocturnal penile tumescence.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1995

[Detection of hepatitis B virus by using polymerase chain reaction and nonradioactive DNA probes. I. Identification of mutations in the precore region by PCR-direct sequencing and ASO probe method].

Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to anti-HBe antibody (anti-HBe) frequently occurs in hosts chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Further, this phenomenon is related to a point mutation from guanine to adenine at nucleotide 83 in the precore region of HBV, which, converts codon 28 for tryptophan (TGG:W) to a translational, stop codon (TAG:X). Therefore, we decided to examine HBV in sera from patients for mutations in the precore region by a simple allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probe method. Direct sequencing was first performed on DNA fragments amplified by the polymerase chain reaction in order to establish whether there were mutations in the precore region. Subsequently, specific DNA probes were applied to detection of mutations in the precore region. Subsequently, specific DNA probes were applied to detection of mutations in the precore gene. Five unknown mutations (I10N, C12W, C14S, V17F and A19D), three known mutations (I9V, W28X and G29D) and for novel nucleotide insertions were identified in anti-HBe positive sera. By using seven nonradioactive probes, we could determine the mutations at codons 9, 28 and 29 in anti-HBe positive sera. The W28X mutation was found in anti-HBe positive but not in any of HBeAg positive sera. Meanwhile, wild-type strains of HBV were detectable in sera from patients who were positive to HBeAg or anti-HBe. This ASO probe assay could determine in a few days the mutations in the precore region of HBV, especially including the defect to prohibit the synthesis and secretion of HBeAg.

Amino Acid Sequence↗