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Biomedical subjects

S Kérouac

Publications and source records attributed to S Kérouac.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The development of a research program based on a conceptual model for the discipline of nursing].

The purpose of this article was to illustrate the development of a team's research program based on a conceptual model for the nursing discipline: Roy's Adaptation Model. The ongoing research program includes studies of psychosocial factors, theoretically known for their potential for explaining health. Four groups of people are the focus of these studies: aged spouses in the community, family caregivers of ill elderly people, family caregivers of mentally ill people, and nurses as professional caregivers for elderly people in institutions. The studies are articulated using the three-level structure proposed by Fawcett & Downs (1986) and Fawcett (1991): conceptual-theoretical-empirical. This research program aims to renew understanding of the person's adaptation processes to various environmental stimuli, adaptive responses that influence health, and nursing interventions that promote health (i.e., biopsychosocial integrity). In order to specify the research variables and relations to be studied between these variables in the first phase of the program, each research project is also guided by a middle-range theory compatible with Roy's Adaptation Model. Elaborated within related disciplines, these theories are variations of the Stress and Coping theory of Lazarus & Folkman (1984). The results of these studies will be compared and articulated in a model that integrates the patterns of relations between the variables. The resulting empirical model together with Roy's conceptual model will be used to guide the development of nursing interventions intended to promote adaptive responses and biopsychosocial integrity. The second phase of the research program includes the implementation and evaluation of nursing strategies that promote adaptation among the four groups of people. This research program is a nursing contribution to certain social issues recognized as priorities by the governments of Canada and Québec. This article is an illustration of one of the various ways of developing nursing knowledge.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

[Resources for preventing professional burnout].

Burnout in the nursing profession has been reported in the literature for the past decade. Yet few studies have identified the causative factors or the recommended resources for prevention and treatment. An exhaustive literature review by the authors produced over 300 articles--40 of which were selected and systematically analyzed. It became apparent that the contributing factors to nursing burnout include stressors relating to the nurse's role, tasks and interpersonal conflicts, and in particular, the lack of management and peer support. The nurse's susceptibility to burnout varied considerably and was dependent upon individual character traits such as hardiness. Hardy individuals demonstrated an ability to deal with life through qualities such as their ability to manage change; their sense of commitment, and their sense of control over their lives. According to the literature, these individuals are less susceptible to burnout manifestations. The article also identifies potential resources available to nurses and positive factors that could improve their adaptation to stressful situations or environments. In light of dwindling financial resources and increased nursing responsibilities, the authors advise steering nurses in a direction that will unite them with their peers, management, and their profession.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Care delivery modes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1991

[A support group intended for women victimized by conjugal violence].

For battered women, leaving the home and spending time in a shelter is only the first step of a long process of change that usually involves periodic crises. A support group has been set up to help these women establish new ways to relate with the outside world, ways that are meant to assist them in successfully going through this difficult phase of their lives. Based on Lifton's principles of affinity, presence and consolidation (1976), the authors highlight the value of reciprocity in the therapeutical relationship. In addition, the authors discuss issues relating to the main points affecting interventions with battered women who have spent time in a shelter.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1990

[Systems for the delivery of health care].

Re-examining the role of the nurse, the authors remind us of the importance of understanding how our system of health care has evolved, as well as what it holds for the future. Presenting an historical overview of the past 50 years, they discuss concepts related to moving the profession forward and suggest the decade ahead offers key opportunities.

Canada↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of a presurgical group program given at two different times.

This study was designed to test the outcomes of a preoperative teaching program for cholecystectomy patients and to determine the appropriate time to offer the program. The hypotheses were: (a) Patients in a preadmission program will recover better than those in a program given the eve of surgery, and (b) patients in the control group will have a poorer recovery than those in the two experimental groups. The outcomes measured were state-anxiety, ventilatory function, well-being, pain, functional ability, analgesics, and length of hospitalization. There were no significant differences between the three groups except in state-anxiety the eve of surgery which was higher in the control than in the two experimental groups. State-anxiety the eve of surgery and trait-anxiety were the most important variables affecting outcomes. There was a positive and significant linear relationship between pre- and postoperative state-anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of questionnaires on physical function.

Data-gathering instruments were used in a randomized controlled trial, designed to assess a structured preoperative educational program for elective surgical patients. The key dependent variable was the physical functional capacity of patients following surgery. Questionnaires were developed to measure physical functioning in the immediate postoperative period, after discharge from hospital, and 10 days and 33 days after surgery. Statistical techniques used to measure interobserver agreement and bias were worker's chi square, Cicchett's statistic, the contingency coefficient, Kendall's Taub, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance W. The standardized questionnaires permitted classification of patients's postoperative physical functions with results that agreed highly with the classification done by experienced clinicians who cared for the same patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors related to nursing burnout: a review of empirical knowledge.

It has been observed that nurses are at a high risk of burnout. The initiator variables of burnout appear to be numerous, tenacious, and not isolated; burnout is a complex phenomenon with multiple dimensions. In order to prevent psychosocial dysfunction and promote the mental health of nurses, the predominant factors contributing to nursing burnout should be clear. This article presents a literature review of the existing empirical knowledge regarding factors related to burnout in nurses. Among 300 documents on nursing burnout, 36 pertinent studies were retained. Amid these studies, 15 variables were selected, classified, and critically analyzed. It appears that the best correlates of nursing burnout are role ambiguity, workload, age, hardiness, active coping, and social support. Probable relationships and influences among these factors are discussed and may lead to a better understanding of mutual interactions between the personal and environmental factors contributing to nursing burnout. Implications for practice and further research are proposed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Case management. The nursing business of care or cost].

Less money spent on health services, cost-effectiveness, better productivity and more efficiency are some of the driving forces of contemporary "neo-liberalism" and political trends. How can nursing services and the profession's human values adapt in this difficult context? The authors describe the newest modality of patient care delivery system: nursing case management. They examine the factors and assumptions that led up to its development and point out the validity of asking some serious questions before embarking on the euphoria of case management.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceiving patient assignment methods through a conceptual framework.

For several decades, the nursing process has been the central issue for numerous nursing discussions. Definitions, meanings, sequences and steps as well as their significance have been presented within the context of given clinically oriented conceptual frameworks. On the other hand, the nursing process could be largely influenced by the organizational context in which it is exercised. This article shows how analyzing patient assignment methods through a conceptual framework permits a better understanding of the ways organizational factors impact upon nursing process quality. Nursing care is the central issue of nursing modalities which characterize the organization and provision of its delivery. In this analysis, these modalities are renamed patient assignment methods. They refer to the tasks, roles, policy and structure for allocating nursing personnel to patients for the provision of nursing care in a hospital unit (Kérouac, Duquette & Sandhu, 1990; Nunson, Beckman, Clinton, Kever & Simms, 1980). The synonyms for patient assignment method found in the literature are: nursing assignment patterns, nursing assignment systems, and organization mode of nursing care (McLennan, 1983). Whatever its name, a given modality does not occur by chance but, rather is a product of specific characteristics. Some of these characteristics pertain to the nursing process. These characteristics can be identified and better understood through a conceptual framework. Historically, patient assignment methods have been extensively described in the literature. The descriptions usually focus on their merits and limitations or their comparisons with one and another. To the best of our knowledge, they have not been analysed using a conceptual framework. This article demonstrates how patient assignment methods could be better understood through an analysis using a conceptual framework. This analysis aims to systematically examine the commonly used patient assignment methods: case, functional, team, primary and modular. Particular attention is paid to the variables that influence the patient assignment methods, for instance, patient characteristics, nursing resources and organizational support. Furthermore, the variables related to nursing process quality, such as, comprehensiveness, accountability, continuity, and coordination of care are also examined. This article is addressed to all nurses who wish to examine through new lenses some of the ways they deliver patient care. Knowing more about the patient assignment method one uses implies understanding the contribution of the organizational factors applicable to the nursing process. Moreover, it is a sure way of enhancing quality care when one has the knowledge of the philosophy, values, beliefs and meanings inherent in each assignment method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Models, Nursing↗