Nonsunlight risk factors for malignant melanoma. Part I: Chemical agents, physical conditions, and occupation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S K Tyring
Publications and source records attributed to S K Tyring.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous endometriosis. Surgical and hormonal therapy.
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous or subcutaneous endometriosis is a rare entity that should be suspected in any female presenting with cyclic pain emanating from a mass in the vicinity of an abdominal surgical scar or the umbilicus. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to examine the diagnostic procedures for endometriosis and to review the therapeutic value of surgical excision alone or in combination with hormonal treatment. METHODS: Endometriosis presenting cutaneously in an infraumbilical laparoscopy scar and endometriosis occurring subcutaneously in a cesarean section scar were both diagnosed via incisional biopsy. Both lesions were treated with hormonal therapy followed by surgical excision. RESULTS: Hormonal therapy with danazol or with leuprolide resulted in reduction of symptoms but was associated with amenorrhea in both cases and with dyspareunia in the second patient. Subsequent laparoscopy and surgical excision of the endometrioma were curative. CONCLUSION: Preoperative hormonal therapy, although sometimes associated with such side effects as amenorrhea, may be used in cases of large endometriotic masses to reduce the size of the surgical defect, but surgical excision remains the treatment of choice.
Adult↗
Cutaneous papillary squamous cell carcinoma in an immunosuppressed host.
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Adult↗
Efferent signal(s) responsible for the conditioned augmentation of natural killer cell activity.
In in vivo studies, a conditioned increase in NK cell activity can be obtained by pairing odor of camphor (conditioned stimulus, CS) with poly I:C (unconditioned stimulus, US) in a single-association paradigm. We identified interferon (IFN) as the signal that reaches the central nervous system (CNS) to make an association with the camphor CS. We have also established that the CS/US association is an IFN-dependent step, and the expression stage is an opioid-dependent pathway which can be blocked with naltrexone and dexamethasone. Here we have focused on the signals responsible for the expression of conditioned augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity. The possible efferent signal molecules that were considered were IFN, beta-endorphin (beta-END), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Plasma levels of beta-END and ACTH of conditioned and control mice were quantitated by radioimmunoassay, and the changes in IFN message in the spleen cells were determined by Northern hybridization analysis. Results indicate that the ACTH levels and IFN-alpha gene expression were higher in the conditioned animals than in the controls. These studies support the view that ACTH released from the pituitary gland is involved in the up-regulation of IFN-alpha, which in turn stimulates the NK cells in the spleen.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Evolution of the antibody response to human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) in patients with condyloma acuminatum according to treatment response.
To evaluate the variation over time of seroreactivity to human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) according to disease outcome, we selected a sample of 42 condyloma acuminatum patients from a group of subjects enrolled in a placebo-controlled trial of three alpha-interferon preparations administered parenterally for the treatment of condyloma acuminatum. This sample included 14 subjects who were cured by the end of follow-up (cured group) and 28 subjects who were not (failed group). For each individual, the first and last sera collected in the study were tested with an intact HPV-11 virion-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera of 20 nuns with no lifetime sexual exposure served as controls. The median optical density (OD) value of the first serum samples (as well as that of the last samples) from the patients, 0.155, was higher than that of the control sera, 0.073 (P = 2 x 10(-4)). Sensitivity of the assay was 50%. To test if evolution of seroreactivity in the seropositive patients was related to disease outcome after treatment, we examined the average percentage of daily change in OD between the two serum collections. The median OD in the cured group (n = 7) dropped by 0.05% a day whereas in the failed group (n = 11) it increased by 0.07% a day, a highly statistically significant difference (P = 0.006). It is concluded that changes in the seroreactivity to HPV-11 virions are related to outcome of condyloma acumination after treatment. Therefore, improved serological assays may eventually contribute to the monitoring of HPV disease activity.
Adult↗
Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 in plasma cells.
Chronic benign plasma cell tumor of the cervix, also called chronic plasma cell cervicitis, is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterized by a heavy infiltration of plasma cells forming granulation tissue. To identify infectious agents associated with this disease, we extracted and analyzed DNA from the 17-year-old paraffin section of the original case report and from granulation tissue surgically removed from a patient at our institution with a chronic benign plasma cell tumor. The DNA from both patients was shown by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to contain a human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) sequence. Genomic Southern analysis of the fresh-frozen tissue confirmed the initial PCR finding. In situ hybridization further demonstrated that the HPV 16 was present in the plasma cells and not a contaminant from the surrounding epithelial tissue. The etiological role of HPV 16, an oncogenic virus associated with cervical carcinoma, in this disease is not yet clear. Our results, however, suggest that the types of cells that are infected by HPV may include cells of lymphoid origin, and that HPV may be associated with chronic benign plasma cell tumors of the cervix.
Aged↗
Direct sequencing of consensus primer generated PCR fragments of human papillomaviruses.
Consensus primers specific for the L1 and E1 regions were used to amplify HPV DNA fragments. These fragments were then directly sequenced using the consensus primers as the sequencing primers. The linking of PCR amplification, direct sequencing, and computer data bank analysis provides a new approach in the detection of different HPVs and has several advantages over existing methodology. These advantages include increased precision in the rapid characterization of known HPVs, detection of mutations, and identification of new HPV types.
Base Sequence↗
Sporotrichosis presenting as arthritis and subcutaneous nodules.
Arthritis is a rare manifestation of systemic sporotrichosis. A patient who had sporotrichal arthritis of both wrists and elbows is described. Predisposing factors included alcoholism, rose gardening, and antecedent trauma. The onset of the arthritis was insidious, and the diagnosis was made 2 1/2 years after his first symptoms were noted. Treatment with surgical debridement and a 23-week course of ketoconazole was unsuccessful. A review of the literature suggests that some combination of intravenous or intraarticular amphotericin B and potassium iodide, ketoconazole, or surgery is necessary for effective treatment.
Arthritis, Infectious↗
Fatal septicemia and bullae caused by non-01 Vibrio cholerae.
Bullous lesions associated with non-01 Vibrio cholerae developed in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis who had recently ingested raw oysters. He died of overwhelming sepsis despite 5 days of aggressive antibiotic therapy. Non-01 V. cholerae was isolated from blood, peritoneal fluid, and bullae. The organism produced a cytotoxic factor that destroyed Chinese hamster ovary cells. Although septicemia caused by non-01 V. cholerae is uncommon, cutaneous manifestations of this organism are even rarer. Our patient represents the first reported case of bullous lesions associated with non-01 V. cholerae septicemia.
Animals↗
Benign Leydig cell tumor of the testis associated with human papillomavirus type 33 presenting with the sign of Leser-Trélat.
We present a case of a benign testicular Leydig cell tumor and eruptive seborrheic keratosis associated with human papillomavirus type 33 infection. To our knowledge this is the first occurrence of a Leydig cell tumor in a patient with tuberous sclerosis and the second documented case of eruptive seborrheic keratoses (sign of Leser-Trélat) associated with a benign neoplasm.
Adult↗
Alterations in cytokine/antioncogene expression in skin lesions caused by "low-risk" types of human papillomaviruses.
Even though the "low-risk" human papillomavirus (HPV) diseases, such as condyloma acuminatum, rarely progress to malignancy, their high incidence evidences the need for a better understanding of molecular interactions between these viruses and the epithelium. Our study examined the contribution of altered expression of certain cytokines and antioncogenes to the hyperproliferative properties of HPV-related skin lesions. The "low-risk" human papillomavirus types (HPV 6 or 11) were determined by in situ hybridization and PCR amplification followed by direct sequencing using consensus primers from the highly conserved L1 region in six different condylomas. mRNA levels of certain cytokines (e.g., TGF-beta 1, IFN-beta), tumor suppressor genes (RB, p53), c-myc, epidermal growth factor receptor, and cdc2 kinase were measured by RT/PCR. A characteristic change in mRNA levels of those genes was found in condylomas compared to that of the expression levels of uninfected skin. Western blot experiments demonstrated a higher proportion of the hyperphosphorylated form of RB protein and a higher level of cdc2 kinase and c-myc, but low p53 and TGF-beta 1 levels in condylomas. These data reflect a higher proliferative state of those condylomas compared to the normal skin, suggesting a direct or indirect involvement of "low-risk" HPVs in interaction with the cellular cytokine/antioncogene system providing growth advantage to those infected cells.
Blotting, Western↗
Chronic plasma cell cervicitis simulating a cervical malignancy: a case report.
BACKGROUND: Only one case of plasma cell cervicitis, a rare variant of chronic cervicitis, has been reported. We report a second case and present data supporting the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) outside of epithelial tissues. CASE: A 67-year-old woman was found to have a large cervical tumor. Extensive diagnostic evaluation failed to reveal a suspected cervical cancer; subsequently, a hysterectomy was performed. Light microscopic studies confirmed plasma cell cervicitis. Standard virologic tests were used to confirm the presence of HPV 16 in cervical sections. Retrospective study of the first reported case also demonstrated HPV. CONCLUSION: Fulminant cases of chronic cervicitis, presenting with clinical features similar to cervical cancer, are unusual. Even more interesting is the detection of HPV outside of the epithelium; this is the first case that clearly demonstrates HPV in plasma cells.
Aged↗
Human papillomavirus 16 exhibits a similar integration pattern in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and in its metastasis.
BACKGROUND: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are among the most common causes of sexually transmitted viral infections in the United States, and HPV types 16, 18, and others have been strongly linked with the development of cervical cancer. DNA from these oncogenic HPV types also has been detected in biopsy specimens of penile intraepithelial and invasive neoplasms, indicating a causal role of these viruses in the malignant transformation of these tissue. METHODS: Southern blot analysis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were used to investigate the presence and physical state of HPV in a patient with metastatic penile carcinoma. RESULTS: The presence of HPV 16 DNA integrated into the host's genome was documented in a primary penile squamous cell carcinoma and its lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The identical restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns for HPV 16 in both the primary tumor and its lymph node metastasis indicate that both tumors arose from a single clonal event. This finding provides evidence of a causal role of HPV in squamous cell carcinoma of male genitalia.
Adult↗
p53 mutations in basal cell carcinomas.
Genomic DNA from 14 basal cell carcinoma biopsies was screened for the presence of mutations in the p53 gene, using the polymerase chain reaction followed by direct DNA sequencing. Heterozygous mutations were detected in 7 of 14 (50%) samples investigated. All mutations were G:C-A:T transitions, and five (71%) of these mutations were transitions at hot spots with CpG sites, three at codon 248 and two at codon 273. The striking similarity of the type of mutations detected in this study and with the UV mutagenesis studies reported in literature suggest the hypothesis that UV may act on the p53 gene in a carcinogenic-specific fashion.
Base Sequence↗
Human papillomavirus type 16 found in primary transitional cell carcinoma of the Bartholin's gland and in a lymph node metastasis.
We report a case of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the Bartholin's gland and its lymph node metastasis that contained HPV 16 sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The physical state of HPV 16 DNA in the primary cancer was investigated by Southern blot analysis which showed the presence of the episomal form of viral DNA. Our findings of HPV 16 DNA in the transitional cell carcinoma of the Bartholin's gland and its metastasis would indicate that both tumors arose from a single clonal event, thus providing evidence that the HPV 16 may have an oncogenic potential in this rare malignancy even in the episomal state.
Adult↗
Human papillomavirus type 11 in multiple squamous cell carcinomas in a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare complication of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). Aside from the documented role of ultraviolet light, SCC may arise in areas of chronic scarring, such as in lesions of discoid LE. Iatrogenic immunosuppression associated with organ transplantation also results in a predisposition to SCC, often with multiple tumors. A role for certain human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the development of squamous cell carcinoma has been documented; specifically, HPV types 5 and 8 are detected in SCCs in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis and in recipients of organ transplants. HPV-11 is generally found in benign genital condylomata or laryngeal papillomas, but has not yet been associated with malignancy. We describe a patient with non-scarring cutaneous LE who was treated with azathioprine and prednisone and developed multiple SCCs. HPV-11 DNA and the target oncogenes neu and Ki-ras were detected in tumor tissue with the polymerase chain reaction. The HPV may have been involved in tumor induction and the azathioprine may have been involved in tumor promotion.
Acute Disease↗
Culture of basal cell carcinoma.
Studies of basal cell carcinoma have been hindered by a lack of a suitable and reproducible tissue-culture model system. We have succeeded in growing this tumor in primary culture from eight different patients. We can separate and grow the tumor cells and the stromal cell component. We also culture normal keratinocytes and fibroblasts from the same patient for comparative studies. All the cell types have been subcultured four to five times and cryopreserved. The normal keratinocytes were indistinguishable from the tumor cells in ploidy, in rate of growth, and in the failure to express ICAM-1. Both cell types also fail to synthesize the matrix proteins: types I and IV collagens. Differences were noted in the expression of fibronectin and the bullous pemphigoid antigen, with the normal cells expressing the antigens although the tumor cells did not. Interferons exogenously added to the culture media preferentially killed the basal cell carcinoma cells, as compared to normal keratinocytes from the same patients. We believe that our culture system opens possibilities for biochemical and molecular studies of this disease, and for in vitro testing of antitumor agents for clinical therapy.
Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection.
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Animals↗