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Biomedical subjects

S K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to S K Sharma.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Serum magnesium levels in chronic renal failure. Clinical significance and correlation with sodium potassium and calcium.

Fifty cases with chronic renal failure and 25 age and sex matched normal healthy controls were studied. The mean serum magnesium level was significantly higher (4.10 +/- 0.85 mg/dl) in the patients as compared to controls (2.40 +/- 0.14 mg/dl; p less than 0.001) and levels rose progressively with deterioration in renal function. Significantly higher serum magnesium levels were observed in patients of chronic renal failure with encephalopathy than in those without. Greater the impairment in level of consciousness, higher was the magnesium level. Improvement in neurological status correlated well with fall in serum magnesium level. The fall was significantly higher in patients on dialysis as compared to non-dialysed patients. Serum magnesium is a worthwhile tool in assessing duration of disease, morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. Its estimation may help in evaluating conservative treatment and dialysis in chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Value of enumerating cellular constituents of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in differentiating sarcoidosis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.

Based on the observations of cellular constituents in the BAL fluid in 73 patients with sarcoidosis and 18 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, various diagnostic criteria for differentiating these two disorders were examined. Receiver operator characteristics curve was constructed using different levels of lymphocyte percent (L) in the BAL fluid. Discriminant accuracy was improved if the percent of polymorphs (P) was also taken into account. A log transformation of the ratio L/P + 1 was normally distributed and most useful in differentiating sarcoidosis from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. A formal analysis of results may be helpful in assigning likelihood ratios for the observations on cellular constituents of BAL in patients suspected to have sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Selective management of penetrating neck trauma.

Of 110 patients with penetrating injuries of the neck, 58 were selectively observed and 52 underwent prompt surgical exploration according to defined criteria. In the group initially selected for observation, none required subsequent surgical intervention, and there was no mortality. Among those patients operated upon primarily, the negative exploration rate was 17 percent, and two patients died, both as a result of their injuries (mortality rate, 4%). We conclude that selective management of patients with penetrating neck injuries, when guided by repeated and careful examinations, is appropriate, does not increase the risk to patients, and avoids unnecessary surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hepatoprotective activity of picroliv against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.

Administration of carbon tetrachloride to normal rats increased activities of hepatic 5(1)-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease while the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and cytochrome P450 were decreased. Levels of lipid peroxides, total lipids and cholesterol of liver were also increased. The activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were increased. Other serum parameters showing changes after carbon tetrachloride were: bilirubin, proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein-X. Picroliv (from the plant Picrorhiza kurroa) in doses of 6 and 12 mg/kg provided a significant protection against most of the biochemical alterations produced by carbon tetrachloride. The degree of protection afforded by picroliv, when administered simultaneously or as a pretreatment was almost equal.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of a meal on normal and hypertensive portal venous system: a quantitative ultrasonographic assessment.

A prospective sonographic study was undertaken in age- and sex-matched normal subjects and patients with portal hypertension to evaluate the effects of a meal on the portal venous system. Postprandial increase in portal vessel diameters was proved to be statistically significant in normal individuals, with mean variations of 27.9% (16-60%), 46.5% (25-83%), and 45.2% (20-75%), respectively, for portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric veins. In contrast, this effect was insignificant in the hypertensive portal venous system. A diminished meal-related caliber variation in portal, splenic, and mesenteric veins less than 16%, 25%, and 20%, respectively, could be diagnostic of portal hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of malignancy.

We describe a series of five patients who had cardiac tamponade at the time of initial presentation as a result of extracardiac malignancy. Three cases had adenocarcinoma and two had squamous cell carcinoma. The diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma was established after appropriate investigations in three cases. One patient possibly had a primary malignancy of the gastro-intestinal tract. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Spermexatin and spermexatol: new synthetic spermidine-based siderophore analogues.

Syntheses of hexanediamine-based dihydroxamate (Hexamate), spermidine-based trihydroxamate (Spermexatins), and spermidine-based mixed siderophore analogues (Spermexatols) are described. Key intermediates include the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of various hydroxamic acids, e.g., malonohydroxamate, succinohydroxamate, and glutarohydroxamate. These intermediates were synthesized, characterized, and incorporated as the ligating chains on spermidine. Also, mixed iron chelating compounds (Spermexatols) with both catechol and hydroxamic acid side chains were synthesized. The reagent carbobenzoxyimidazole was employed to distinguish between the primary and secondary amino groups of spermidine. The ability of these iron chelators to stimulate microbial growth is also described.

Iron Chelating Agents↗
PubMed1989

Preparation and application of polyclonal antibodies to recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta.

We report the preparation and application of polyclonal antisera to the analysis and quantitation of human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). The anti IL-1 alpha antibodies specifically react with the alpha form of IL-1 and do not cross react (less than 0.1%) with the beta form of IL-1 and vice versa. Data reported here demonstrate that detection of human IL-1 alpha or beta by a radioimmunoassay technique is sensitive enough to measure picogram levels of these lymphokines. The practical application of using these highly specific antisera for radioimmunoassays was established by measuring exogenously added IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta to human plasma. Potential benefits of these reagents and the radioimmunoassay procedures described herein are discussed in relation to the biological assays which cannot distinguish between human IL-1 alpha and human IL-1 beta.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

A rapid, quantitative bioassay based on the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator.

We constructed a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) trans-activator cDNA (tat) encoding the N-terminal 76 amino acids of the viral trans-activator followed by two additional amino acids (val and pro). This cDNA encoded a functional trans-activator (TAT) as shown by cotransfection into murine cells with a HIV promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase DNA construct. The tat cDNA was cloned into an avian retroviral expression vector, a modified spleen necrosis virus (SNV), and high-titer infectious stocks of recombinant virus (SNV-tat) were recovered from dog cells. Hybridization analyses indicated that SNV-tat was stably propagated in these cells for months. We also prepared recombinant cells that stably carry reporter genes, either a human gene encoding a soluble CD4 receptor (sCD4) or the human preprorenin gene, under the transcriptional control of the HIV promoter. Medium obtained from these cell cultures after infection with control viruses or an SNV carrying an antisense tat contained only low background levels of sCD4 or prorenin (HRN) as determined by specific immunoassays (1-10 ng protein per 10(6) cells per ml medium). In contrast, cells infected with SNV carrying tat in the transcriptional sense orientation secreted 75 +/- 7 ng sCD4 and 73 +/- 4 ng HRN per 10(6) cells per ml medium. Moreover, these proteins were constitutively secreted at these levels during months of subculturing. The data indicate that sCD4 and HRN are secreted from these cells because of a TAT-mediated trans-activation of the HIV reporter gene DNA and/or RNA. This combination of recombinant cells, SNV-tat, and specific immunoassays provide a rapid, quantitative, and safe bioassay to seek inhibitors of TAT.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Colonic carcinoma after chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease.

We describe a 28-year-old man with stage IV-B Hodgkin's disease who developed an adenocarcinoma of the colon after treatment with combination chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this patient is the youngest, and only the fourth person in the English-language literature to develop colonic carcinoma after combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease without radiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Penile venous haemangioma.

A case of venous haemangioma at the base of penis is reported. The patient presented with complaints of pain, hemilateral tilting during erection and progressively increasing swelling at the base of penis. The lesion was resected surgically and was diagnosed on histopathological examination to be penile venous haemangioma. Possible aetiopathogenesis of haemangioma in general and characteristics of venous haemangioma in particular are briefly discussed. A similar case report has not been found in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum.

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum presenting with unusual features of fever and leucocytosis is reported. This is the youngest patient reported in the literature who had this tumour in the mediastinum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Activities of glycolytic enzymes in rapidly proliferating and differentiated C6 glioma cells.

Comparisons of glycolytic enzymes between rapidly proliferating and Bt2 cAMP-induced differentiated C6 glioma cells have been made. Rapidly proliferating cells had higher concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate compared to morphologically differentiated cells. Under maximally activating conditions, the specific activity and Vmax of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase enzymes were reduced by approximately 3- and 28-fold, respectively, in differentiated cells, without any change in Km values. These results suggest that hexokinase and phosphofructokinase occupy special control positions and the rate of glycolysis is correlated with cellular proliferation of C6 glioma cells.

Animals↗