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Biomedical subjects

S K Mohanty

Publications and source records attributed to S K Mohanty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Serous effusions: diagnosis of malignancy beyond cytomorphology. An analytic review.

In this brief review, the role of various ancillary techniques to detect malignancy in effusion fluid are evaluated and discussed. The data were collected from a large number of research articles published in various medical journals. The role of these techniques to increase the diagnostic accuracy in serous effusions is emphasised.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2002

Comet assay measurements of DNA damage in cells by laser microbeams and trapping beams with wavelengths spanning a range of 308 nm to 1064 nm.

DNA damage induced in NC37 lymphoblasts by optical tweezers with a continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser and a continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser (60-240 mW; 10-50 TJ/m2; 30-120 s irradiation) was studied with the comet assay, a single-cell technique used to detect DNA fragmentation in genomes. Over the wavelength range of 750-1064 nm, the amount of damage in DNA peaks at around 760 nm, with the fraction of DNA damage within the range of 750-780 nm being a factor of two larger than the fraction of DNA damage within the range of 800-1064 nm. The variation in DNA damage was not significant over the range of 800-1064 nm. When the logarithm of damage thresholds measured in the present work, as well as values reported previously in the UV range, was plotted as a function of wavelength, a dramatic wavelength dependence became apparent. The damage threshold values can be fitted on two straight lines, one for continuous-wave sources and the other for pulsed sources, irrespective of the type of source used (e.g. classical lamp or laser). The damage threshold around 760 nm falls on the line extrapolated from values for UV-radiation-induced damage, while the data for 800-1064 nm fall on a line that has a different slope. The change in the slope between 320 and 340 nm observed earlier is consistent with a well-known change in DNA-damaging mechanisms. The change observed around 780 nm is therefore suggestive of a further change in the mechanism(s). The data from this work together with our previous measurements provide, to the best of our knowledge, the most comprehensive view available of the DNA damage produced by microfocused light.

Calibration↗
PubMed2001

Epidemic of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 in Berhampur, Orissa.

During the months of May-June 2000, 194 patients with watery diarrhoea were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Ward of the M.K.C.G. Medical College, Berhampur. Ninety four rectal swabs were collected and processed according to the standard procedures. Vibrio cholerae strains were isolated from 20 samples. Of these 20 isolates, two were found to be V. cholerae O1 EITor Ogawa strain and 18 were confirmed to be V. cholerae serotype O139. All V. cholerae O139 isolates were of a single phage type (phage type 1) and the two O1 strains were of phage type 3 and phage type 27 respectively. All 20 V. cholerae isolates were positive for CAMP test, and showed uniform resistance to furazolidone and sensitivity to co-trimoxazole, amoxycillin, norfloxacin, tetracycline and gentamycin. V. cholerae O139 serotype has not been reported earlier in south Orissa. This is probably the first report of its isolation from this area.

Cholera↗
PubMed2000

Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) nonstructural open reading frame 1 (ORF1).

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes enterically transmitted epidemic and sporadic viral hepatitis affecting millions of people in the developing world. Different geographical isolates of HEV show a high degree of homology at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. The approximately 7.2 kb RNA genome has three open reading frames of which ORF1 is predicted to code for the viral nonstructural polyprotein. The expression, processing and properties of the nonstructural ORF1 polyprotein have not been reported so far. In this study, the complete HEV ORF1 was reconstructed from overlapping fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of total RNA isolated from the bile fluid of a rhesus monkey experimentally infected with HEV isolate from an epidemic. The complete assembled ORF1 was sequenced using HEV specific primers. The ORF1 polyprotein was expressed in E. coli, in a cell free translation system and in HepG2 cells, and was characterized by western blotting and immunoprecipitation using acute phase patient serum as well as polyclonal antibodies raised against defined parts of the ORF1 polyprotein. The nonstructural polyprotein of HEV was expressed as a 186 kDa protein. No processing was observed into discrete units, either in-vitro based on a kinetic analysis, or in HepG2 cells based on immunoprecipitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Epispadias repair using the Mitchell technique.

PURPOSE: The results of epispadias repair using Mitchell's technique in nine patients is analyzed and the advantages of the procedure discussed. METHODS: Nine boys aged between 6 weeks and 6 years underwent epispadias repair between November 1996 and March 1998 (Penopubic epispadias, inferior vesical fissure, and midpenile epispadias, one patient each; exstrophy epispadias complex, six patients). Eight patients had first attempt at repair of epispadias. Two patients had closure of exstrophy and epispadias at one stage. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 10 months, all children had a conical glans, eight patients had ventral orthotopic meatus, and one had coronal hypospadiac meatus. Minor penopubic fistula developed in one patient. Six patients had downward angled penis, and three had horizontal penis in a flaccid state. All children were observed to have good erections during sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Mitchell's technique of epispadias repair allows an anatomic reconstruction of the penis with superior cosmetic and functional results. Long-term follow-up studies are necessary to evaluate the genital functions.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Monoclonal antibody based dot-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) and agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) for identification of Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), viz. 2B7 and 2 D10 raised against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were used to identify several other field isolates and vaccine strains of NDV. These MAbs reacted specifically with all the NDV strains/isolates in Dot-ELISA whereas, only MAb 2D10 reacted with all the NDV strains/isolates in agar gel precipitation test. These two tests employing the MAbs were standardised for rapid diagnosis and identification of NDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Mesenteric cyst--an unusual presentation.

Mesenteric and retroperitoneal cysts develop from ectopic lymphatic tissue. Most of them present as symptomless abdominal swellings or are found coincidentally during abdominal operations. One third of patients may present with acute abdominal pain, and few may present with chronic abdominal pain. However, mesenteric cyst presenting as inguinal hernia is extremely rare. Only four cases have been reported in the English-language literature. The present case is the fifth, and only the second from this subcontinent. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

Response to chemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis: T cell-dependent but interferon-gamma- and interleukin-2-independent.

The capacity of Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice to respond to conventional chemotherapy with pentavalent antimony (Sb) is T cell dependent and, in nude mice, can be restored in part by treatment with the T cell lymphokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). To document the presumed role of endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-2 in responsiveness to antileishmanial chemotherapy in the T cell-intact host, L. donovani-infected euthymic BALB/c mice were treated with anti-IFN-gamma or anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) before and after Sb administration. Treatment with MAbs exacerbated visceral infection but did not inhibit the in vivo efficacy of Sb. Thus, while combination therapy of Sb plus IFN-gamma or IL-2 may prove beneficial in T cell-deficient hosts with visceral leishmaniasis, T cell activities other than or in addition to IFN-gamma or IL-2 production may mediate in vivo responsiveness to antileishmanial chemotherapy in the euthymic host.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Are CT scans for head injury patients always necessary?

The study reported here sought to identify a group of adult head injury patients in whom computerized axial tomographic (CT) scans were not necessary. The study was limited to patients 18 years of age and older with a history of minor head injury who remained neurologically stable for 20 minutes after arrival at the trauma center, maintained a Glasgow Coma Scale score of at least 13, and had no clinical evidence of basal skull fracture. These patients had a uniformly good neurologic prognosis. The CT scan did not have any prognostic or therapeutic implications. Of a total of 348 patients studied, 12 had an abnormal CT scan with no neurologic deficits or sequelae, and all of them had an uneventful hospital discharge without readmission. It appears that a routine CT scan for minimal head injury patients is an inefficient use of personnel and equipment which may add to the ever increasing financial burden on trauma centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Trigeminal-baroreceptor reflex interactions modulate human cardiac vagal efferent activity.

Instantaneous levels of vagal cardiac inhibition reflect integrated responses of vagal motonuclei to multiple sensory neural inputs. We studied how two of these inputs, from trigeminal cutaneous receptors and carotid arterial baroreceptors interact to influence human vagal cardiac outflow. Nine healthy young men voluntarily maintained breathing rates and tidal volumes within narrow limits. Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated with brief periods of moderate neck suction. Volunteers were studied prone, breathing through a snorkel, before and during face immersion in cold water, and before and after an intravenous injection of a very low dose of atropine sulphate (which increases vagal cardiac efferent activity in dogs). Face immersion raised blood pressure slightly, increased heart period, and augmented baroreflex bradycardia and respiratory sinus arrhythmia significantly. Low-dose atropine together with face immersion further augmented blood pressure, heart period, baroreflex responses and sinus arrhythmia. These results suggest that one input to the central nervous system (from trigeminal cutaneous receptors) which increases vagal cardiac outflow, augments vagal responses to another input (from arterial baroreceptors). Since the initial pathways of these two inputs are anatomically separate, it is likely that the influences of respiration and low doses of atropine on vagal motonuclei are exerted down-stream from the termination of primary trigeminal and baroreceptor afferent fibres.

Adult↗