Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S K Mittal.
Hemobilia in children is rare and has so far been described only as a complication of blunt abdominal trauma. A case of hemobilia secondary to liver abscess treated successfully by selective arterial embolization is described. Hemobilia should be considered in any case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage before any operative intervention is undertaken.
One hundred and forty five stool samples from children below 2 years of age, hospitalized with diarrhea were tested for rotavirus antigen by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), latex agglutination test using commercially available kit Rotastat (Ranbaxy Diagnostic, India) and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty eight samples were positive for the virus antigen by all the three assay systems. The sensitivity of latex agglutination (LA) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was 91.4% (32/35) and 80% (28/35), respectively; the corresponding specificity was 98.18% (108/110) and 100% (110/110), respectively. Latex agglutination was the least complex, required the least amount of apparatus and provided a result within a short time. It showed a high specificity and a reasonable amount of sensitivity and the results correlated well with ELISA and PAGE.
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Forty infants with proven pyogenic meningitis were evaluated by real time cranial sonography. A spectrum of sonographic abnormalities was observed which included echogenic sulci, focal or diffuse increase in parenchymal echoes, ventriculitis, ventriculomegaly with or without aqueductal block, subdural collection, parenchymal infarcts, abscess and subdural empyema. There were two infants with normal sonogram while encephalomalacia was seen in another two patients. An excellent correlation was observed between clinical profile, cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry and sonographic findings.
By means of Southern blot hybridisation using a cloned herpes simplex virus (HSV) major DNA binding protein (MDBP) gene as probe, the putative MDBP gene of BHV-1 was located within the Hind III G fragment which mapped between 0.352 and 0.381 map units of the BHV-1 genome. Moreover, an antiserum raised to HSV MDBP precipitated a 120kD polypeptide in a radio-immunoprecipitation test.
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Five thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient mutants (B1 to B5) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were isolated by selection for resistance to the nucleotide analogue bromovinyldeoxyuridine. The genetic lesion in mutant B1 was localized in a 2.7 kb SalI-SalI subfragment (fTK2.7) which maps between 0.456 and 0.475 within the HindIII A fragment of the BHV-1 genome. The tk genes from wild-type and the TK-mutants B1 to B5 were cloned and sequenced using eight unique synthetic primers designed from a published sequence. The BHV-1 tk gene sequence for the strain 6660 contained some differences compared with that published previously for strain LA. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequence of the BHV-1 TK polypeptide with different herpesvirus TKs revealed five strongly conserved regions and also identified putative functional relationships with other enzymes. Several interesting features were apparent in the tk gene sequences from the TK- mutants. The TK mutant B1 was a typical frameshift and chain termination mutant due to the deletion of a single base. The tk gene sequence of mutant B2 revealed the deletion of three bases resulting in the loss of valine at amino acid residue 174 of the TK polypeptide. The tk genes of mutants B3 to B5 contained an identical change of a single base addition resulting in frameshift and premature chain termination. In contrast to wild-type BHV-1, the TK-defective mutants were incapable of adsorbing TK-neutralizing antibodies from serum.
Diagnostic and therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out among 200 children. The procedure proved useful in detecting causes of various upper gastrointestinal problems especially hematemesis and dysphagia. It was also helpful in early detection of esophageal varices in children with suspected portal hypertension. Duodenal biopsies could be obtained in all children being investigated for chronic diarrhea and proved helpful in diagnosing three cases of celiac disease. Fiberoptic endoscopy has a large role to play in pediatric practice and is largely a safe procedure.
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Alimentary duplications which include a variety of alimentary cysts, diverticula and tubular malformations are rare abnormalities. Most of them, especially in relation to the oesophagus, do not communicate with the lumen. We present two very rare cases of communicating oesophageal duplication. Both are left sided and unassociated with any other congenital abnormality. These features again are uncommon with such duplications.
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