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Biomedical subjects

S K Mitra

Publications and source records attributed to S K Mitra.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Antioxidant activity of AO-8, a herbal formulation in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

The effect of AO-8, a herbal formulation was evaluated for free radical scavenging activity using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. AO-8 dose dependently inhibited ferric ion induced lipid peroxidation in vitro at 125-1000 micrograms. AO-8 was investigated at dose levels of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg p.o. in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The levels of serum GOT and LDH, cardiac glutathione, SOD and catalase were estimated following induction of myocardial infarction with isoproterenol. The estimation of parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, liver glycogen and lipid peroxidation were carried out in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Treatment with AO-8 for 15 days at a dose of 500 and 750 mg/kg offered marked protection in both in vivo models. The reversal of increased serum enzymes in both the models may be due to the prevention of leakage of the intracellular enzymes by its membrane stabilizing activity. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of antioxidant enzymes by AO-8 may be due to the direct free radical scavenging activity which could be attributed to the antioxidant potential of various ingredients present in the formulation. Thus it can be concluded that AO-8 is an effective free radical scavenger and could prove beneficial in the treatment of various disorders associated with the involvement of free radicals.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Immunomodulatory effect of IM-133.

The immunomodulatory effect of IM-133, a polyherbal formulation, has been investigated. Treatment with IM-133 enhanced the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in mice. IM-133 enhanced the in vitro response of splenocytes to mitogenic challenge. The in vivo treatment also stimulated the ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation, while the humoral response to sheep RBCs (SRBCs) was unaffected. The preferential stimulation of the components of cell mediated immunity (CMI) indicate that treatment with IM-133 affords non-specific immune stimulation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

Epispadias repair using the Mitchell technique.

PURPOSE: The results of epispadias repair using Mitchell's technique in nine patients is analyzed and the advantages of the procedure discussed. METHODS: Nine boys aged between 6 weeks and 6 years underwent epispadias repair between November 1996 and March 1998 (Penopubic epispadias, inferior vesical fissure, and midpenile epispadias, one patient each; exstrophy epispadias complex, six patients). Eight patients had first attempt at repair of epispadias. Two patients had closure of exstrophy and epispadias at one stage. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 10 months, all children had a conical glans, eight patients had ventral orthotopic meatus, and one had coronal hypospadiac meatus. Minor penopubic fistula developed in one patient. Six patients had downward angled penis, and three had horizontal penis in a flaccid state. All children were observed to have good erections during sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Mitchell's technique of epispadias repair allows an anatomic reconstruction of the penis with superior cosmetic and functional results. Long-term follow-up studies are necessary to evaluate the genital functions.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Immunoprotective effect of IM-133.

We studied the immunoprotective effect of IM-133, a poly-herbal formulation, against E. coli-induced intra-abdominal sepsis. Treatment with IM-133 afforded protection against the septic shock induced mortality. The in vivo treatment has enhanced nitric oxide production and phagocytic ability against C. albicans by peritoneal macrophages in Balb/c mice. The protective effect of IM-133 appears to be by virtue of its immunomodulatory activity and finds application in the clearance of intra-cellular pathogens.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

Anti-cholestatic activity of HD-03, a herbal formulation in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced experimental cholestasis.

In the present study HD-03, a herbal formulation was investigated for its anti-cholestatic activity in TAA-induced cholestasis in anaesthetized guinea pigs. Administration of TAA at a dose of 100 mg/kg body wt significantly reduced the bile flow, bile acid and bile salt excretion. Pretreatment with HD-03 at a dose of 750 mg/kg body wt per orally for 15 days in guinea pigs significantly prevented thioacetamide-induced changes in bile flow, bile acids and bile salts excretion. Thus, HD-03 can serve as a potent choleretic and anti-cholestatic agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Protective effect of Prostane in experimental prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

AIM: Prostane, a polyherbal formulation, was evaluated for its efficacy on 5alpha-reductase inhibition, alpha-adrenergic antagonistic activity and testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: 5alpha-reductase inhibition was evaluated using rat prostate homogenate as an enzyme source. Adrenergic antagonistic activity was evaluated using isolated rat vas deferens. Experimental prostatic hyperplasia was induced in rats by giving testosterone 3 mg/kg sc for 21 days. RESULTS: Prostane dose-dependently inhibited 5alpha-reductase activity and exhibited alpha-adrenergic antagonistic activity. Treatment with Prostane at 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body wt, po for 21 days significantly reduced the prostatic weight, the epithelial height and the stromal proliferation in experimental prostatic hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: Prostane is effective in the treatment of experimental prostatic hypertrophy in rats and may be passed on to clinical trials on benign prostatic hypertrophy after necessary toxicological evaluations.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Protective effect of HD-03, a herbal formulation, against various hepatotoxic agents in rats.

HD-03 is a polyherbal formulation containing plant drugs which are known for their hepatoprotective properties in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. In the present study, the formulation was evaluated for its protective effect against diverse hepatotoxic agents viz., paracetamol, thioacetamide and isoniazid. Treatment with HD-03 led to significant amelioration of toxin-induced changes in the biochemical parameters. Since the protective effect of HD-03 was observed in all three types of intoxication, which are different in their primary mechanism of inducing hepatotoxicity, a protective mode of action of HD-03, not specific to the hepatotoxin, is suggested.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of possible mechanism of anti-ulcerogenic activity of UL-409, a herbal preparation.

UL-409, a herbal preparation was investigated for its anti-ulcerogenic activity and possible mechanism of action in different experimental models. Oral administration of UL-409 at a dose of 600 mg/kg significantly reduced the volume of gastric secretion, total acidity and free acidity in aspirin + pylorus-ligated rats. The drug appeared to strengthen the gastric mucosal defense mechanism by significantly increasing the total carbohydrate:protein ratio in aspirin + pylorus-ligated rats. The major mechanism involved appears to be due to promotion of mucosal protection by augmenting gastric mucin activity. Pre-treatment with UL-409 showed inhibition of alcohol-induced contraction of isolated rat fundus preparation which was reversed by indomethacin suggesting a possible involvement of the cyclo-oxygenase system.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Dermatophytes isolated from selected ruminants in India.

A survey was carried out in different areas of Uttar Pradesh for isolating and identifying dermatophytes from ruminants. Out of 102 skin scrapings, collected from various animals, 4/22 cattle, 1/9 buffalo, 14/44 sheep and 2/28 goats were KOH positive. In respect of the cattle, the culture positive samples yielded one strain each of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. simii and two strains of Microsporum gypseum. From the buffaloes examined, only one case yielded a dermatophyte and it was identified as T. mentagrophytes. In respect of the sheep, two samples were culture positive and the dermatophyte was T. mentagraphytes (2). Of the 28 goat scrapings, only two harboured dermatophytes viz., M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes. Fungi other than dermatophytes isolated from the ruminants were Alternaria species, Aspergillus species, Beauveria bassiana, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Curvularia species, Penicillium species, Pseudoarachniotus roseus and T. terrestre. Isolation of T. rubrum from the skin lesion of one of the cattle is noteworthy, since this dermatophyte is better known as an anthrophilic species.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Arteriovenous malformation of knee masquerading as juvenile arthritis.

This is a rare case of involvement of knee joint by an arteriovenous malformation. A nine year old girl had recurrent monoarticular pain and swelling of long duration and had been treated as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Angiographic and histological features suggested an arteriovenous malformation of lower thigh with knee joint involvement.

Angiography↗
PubMed1998

Juvenile polyposis in a tropical country.

The clinical profile, malignant potential, and management of 17 children with juvenile polyposis (more than five juvenile polyps) were evaluated clinically and endoscopically. Colonoscopy and polypectomy were done three weekly until colonic clearance was achieved, and thereafter two yearly. All polyps were subjected to histological examination. Mean age was 7.7 years, with a male preponderance (3:1). Presentation was with rectal bleeding (94%), pallor (65%), stunted growth (53%), and oedema (47%), and the mean (SD) duration of symptoms was 33 (27) months. None had a positive family history or any congenital anomaly. Two children had six polyps up to the transverse colon; the rest had numerous polyps all over the colon. All children had juvenile polyps on histology and 10 (59%) had adenomatous changes (dysplasia). Total colectomy was done in six for intractable symptoms. Colon clearance was achieved in eight after an average 3.4 polypectomy sessions, and three were still on the polypectomy programme. In conclusion, juvenile polyposis is commonly associated with low grade dysplasia. Serial colonoscopic polypectomy is effective but colectomy is required for intractable symptoms and when clearance of the colon is not possible.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1998

Choledochal cysts in infants and children.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical spectrum and management of choledochal cyst in children below 12 years of age. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Twenty three children with choledochal cysts were managed between January 1991 to September 1997 and their clinical details, investigations and management were recorded. Choledochal cyst was diagnosed by ultrasonography and confirmed by ERCP or peroperative cholangioram (POC) Children were treated with antibiotics and/or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage if there was cholangitis and subsequently subjected to surgery (excision of the cyst and jejunal loop interposition hepaticoduodenostomy). RESULTS: The median age of these children was 3 years with an almost equal sex ratio. Predominant presentation was jaundice in 18, pain abdomen in 15, fever in 12, and lump abdomen in 9 cases. The classical triad of jaundice, pain and lump was present in only 4 cases. ERCP conducted in 7 and POC in 14 cases yielded positive findings in all. Clinically there were two distinct forms of presentation: (i) infantile form (< or = 1 year) comprised 9 infants which presented with jaundice in all, acholic stool in 6, lump abdomen in 4 but only one had classical triad; and (ii) childhood form (> 1 year) presented with pain abdomen in 12 and jaundice and cholangitis in 9 subjects each. Type I cyst was seen in 20 and type IVa in 3. Two children refused surgery, and the rest underwent surgery. Three infants died after surgery, the remaining 18 were alive and well on follow-up (median 25 months). Secondary biliary cirrhosis was seen in 6, extra hepatic biliary artresia in 2 and congenital hepatic fibrosis in 1 on histology. CONCLUSIONS: Choledochal cysts present in two clinically distinct forms. Infantile form is an important cause of cholestasis of infancy. Early diagnosis and referral is essential to prevent complications and death, and prognosis after surgery is good.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

Iterative function system and genetic algorithm-based EEG compression.

A method for EEG compression is proposed, using Iterative Function System (IFS) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) with elitist model, keeping the quality sufficiently good for clinical purposes. Compression using IFS is usually called fractal compression. The self transformability property of the EEG signals is assumed and is exploited in the fractal compression technique. To ascertain the self transformability of the EEG signal, some isometric transformations have been applied. The technique described here utilizes Genetic Algorithm that decreases the search space for finding the self similarities in the given signal. This article presents theory and implementation of the proposed method. The fidelity of the reconstructed signal obtained by the present compression algorithm has been assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The compression ratios, for the EEG signals in various states, are found to be comparable to the other available techniques for EEG compression. In our method at least 85% data reduction has been achieved.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Effect of shunt surgery on spleen size, portal pressure and oesophageal varices in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Shunt surgery is considered to be the treatment of choice in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. There is little data on the effect of side-to-side lieno-renal (SSLR) shunt on oesophageal variceal size, splenic size and splenic pulp pressure (SPP) in patents with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. We evaluated pre- and postoperatively endoscopic grading of varices, splenic size and SPP for predicting shunt patency in 86 patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: 56 with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) and 30 with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF). The EHPVO patients with patent shunts (n = 47) showed significant reduction in SPP (pre-operative 43.56 +/- 7.9 vs postoperative 29.96 +/- 0.5 vs 0.92 +/- 0.8). Patients with blocked shunt (n = 9) did not show significant reduction in SPP and varices grades. However, there was reduction in spleen size (8.6 +/- 3.0 vs 6.3 +/- 4.3). In the NCPF group, 28 had patent shunts and showed significant reduction in SPP (46.3 +/- 13.5 vs 33.8 +/- 7.6 cm of saline), splenic size (9.1 +/- 3.3 vs 6.8 +/- 4.6 cm below costal margin) and varices grades (2.8 +/- 0.7 vs 1.05 +/- 0.96). As only two patients with NCPF had blocked shunts, no statistical comparison between patients with patent and patients with blocked shunts could be done. In conclusion, following SSLR, there is a significant reduction in SPP and varices grades in patients with patent shunts. Endoscopic grading of varices can be used to predict shunt patency. However, spleen size is not a good criteria for predicting shunt patency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of Gasex on pharmacokinetic profile of ciprofloxacin in healthy male volunteers.

Effect of Gasex, a herbomineral formulation on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin was studied in six healthy male volunteers. On day one, single dose of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) was given at fasting state and the plasma Concentrations of ciprofloxacin were estimated after 1, 2 and 4 hr. On day 8 ciprofloxacin (500 mg) was given along with 2 tablets of Gasex and the plasma concentrations of ciprofloxacin estimated at the same time points. No significant difference in the plasma ciprofloxacin levels was found in these two treatments, indicating that the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin was not affected by simultaneous treatment with Gasex.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Protective effect of UL-409, a herbal formulation against physical and chemical factor induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in experimental animals.

UL-409, a herbal formulation, was investigated for its possible ulcero-protective activity in Wistar rats of either sex and male guinea pigs. Oral administration of UL-409 at a dose of 600 mg/kg significantly prevented the occurrence of cold-restraint stress induced ulcerations. It significantly inhibited gastric ulceration induced by alcohol and aspirin, as well as cysteamine and histamine induced duodenal ulcers in rats and guinea pigs, respectively. The volume and acidity of gastric juice in pyloric ligated rats was reduced by UL-409. It also significantly, and dose dependently, promoted gastric mucus secretion in normal as well as in stress, drug and alcohol induced ulceration in animals. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that UL-409 possesses antiulcer activity and that the observed activity may be due to the modulation of defensive factors by improvement in gastric cytoprotection.

Animals↗