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Biomedical subjects

S K Mathur

Publications and source records attributed to S K Mathur.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from diarrhoeal patients and healthy chickens in northern India.

Seventy-five strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans with diarrhoea (45 strains) and healthy chickens (30 strains) were tested for their susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, furazolidine and quinolones (nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin). The frequencies of resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline were 16 and 9.3% respectively. Two strains (2.7%) exhibited resistance to quinolones as mentioned. One strain (1.3%) was resistant to erythromycin, and both ampicillin plus tetracycline. One strain (1.3%) exhibited resistance to multi-drugs (ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin). Resistance to ampicillin was higher in human strain (22.2%) compared to chickens (6.7%). On the contrary, the frequency of resistance to tetracycline was higher in chicken strains (13.3%) than in human (6.7%). All the ampicillin-resistant strains produced beta-lactamase. None of the ampicillin, erythromycin and quinolone-resistant strains contained any plasmid but all the tetracycline-resistant strains contained 23 kilobase (kb) plasmid which could be transferred to an ampicillin-resistant C. jejuni strain. This study thus shows that ampicillin and tetracycline resistance in C. jejuni are common in northern India. Ampicillin resistance is chromosomally determined but tetracycline resistance is mediated through 23 kb plasmid.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, a histological variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, distinct pathological and clinical features and a better prognosis than other types of hepatocellular carcinoma. We report here a patient who was treated on successful surgically.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Esophageal endoscopic sclerotherapy in children using 3% aqueous phenol.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EST) in controlling acute variceal bleeding and preventing recurrence of bleeding from esophageal varices in children. METHODS: Ninety children (mean age 7.3 +/- 3.0 years) with portal hypertension [extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) 83, cirrhosis 7] presenting with hematemesis and/or melena were subjected to EST using 3% phenol in water as sclerosant. RESULTS: Active variceal bleeding could be controlled in 31 of 34 (91%) cases. Varices could be obliterated in 87% of patients with a mean of 5.4 +/- 2.5 injection sessions. Pre-obliteration variceal rebleeding was observed in 15% of patients. Complications such as esophageal ulceration, stricture and perforation were observed in 32%, 4.5% and 1% of patients respectively. Strictures responded to dilatation whereas perforation responded to conservative treatment. Recurrence of varices was seen in 22% of patients at a mean interval of 5.8 +/- 1.9 months. The mortality in the emergency group was 9.5% and nil in the elective group. Ten percent of patients required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: EST with 3% phenol in water is effective in controlling active bleeding as well as preventing recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Total hepatic vascular exclusion for major hepatic resection.

Use of vascular occlusion techniques during hepatic resection has besides decreasing blood loss improved the feasibility of surgical extirpation of large hepatic tumors. We report successful use of this technique to resect a large hepatoma in the right lobe of the liver. The hemodynamic and biochemical changes in the perioperative period are documented.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1992

Mannose-resistant haemagglutination by Campylobacter jejuni--a preliminary communication.

Ten strains of C. jejuni each isolated respectively from patients with diarrhoea and from chicken intestine (10 strains from each source) were examined for presumptive colonization factor(s) by measuring their cell surface hydrophobicity and haemagglutination. None of the strains expressed cell surface hydrophobicity. However, 14 strains (7 from either source) showed variable haemagglutination pattern with human, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes in the presence of 0.5 per cent D-mannose. Thus, mannose resistant haemagglutinin(s) may be involved in the colonization of intestinal mucosal surfaces by C. jejuni.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cholescintigraphic detection of biliary leaks.

We report four cases in whom post-traumatic or post-surgical biliary leak was detected using dynamic 99mtechnetium-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) cholescintigraphy. This technique is a non-invasive, safe, simple and sensitive method of documenting the presence, location and extent of biliary leaks. Further, it can be repeated and hence, is useful in evaluating the response to treatment. Surgery is indicated when a moderate extravasation of labeled bile suggests that the leak is the chief pathway of bile drainage, with relatively little bile entering the intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Resistant coagulase negative staphylococci from clinical samples.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 17 antibiotics was done on 96 strains of various species of coagulase negative staphylococci by Stokes method. Hundred per cent sensitivity was found against vancomycin and cefotaxime and about 90 per cent against ciprofloxacin, clavulanate potentiated amoxycillin, cloxacillin and clindamycin. Strains showed highest resistance against cotrimoxazole (77.08%) and tetracycline (64.59%). Clavulanate potentiated amoxycillin was found to be highly active against penicillin, ampicillin and amoxycillin resistant organisms. The results highlight the importance of antibiotic resistance typing among coagulase negative staphylococci species which are increasingly being reported from serious clinical infections making empiric therapy and selection of antibiotics difficult in these infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic and radiological appraisal of gastric varices.

Of 104 patients with portal hypertension who were subjected to oesophageal variceal sclerotherapy, gastric varices were seen in 81 (78 per cent) at endoscopy and 69 (74 per cent) at splenoportography. In 50 (48 per cent) patients gastric varices were seen at the initial endoscopic examination and in 31 they developed during follow-up at intervals varying from 1 to 56 weeks. Gastric varices were seen significantly more often along the lesser curvature than in the gastric fundus and the left gastric vein was the main feeding vessel in 75 per cent of cases. Varices bled in nine of 81 patients and bleeding was seen significantly more often from fundal varices (30 per cent) than from lesser curve varices (5 per cent) (P less than 0.02). The incidence of gastric varices is high, and contrary to popular belief they are more often located along the lesser curvature of the stomach than in the gastric fundus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pneumatic dilatation in achalasia cardia results and follow-up.

Pneumatic dilatation is one of the more recent methods in the management of achalasia cardia. Fifty dilatations were done in 42 patients with achalasia cardia over 5 years. There was a significant decrease in the maximum diameter of the oesophagus and a significant increase in diameter in the narrowed lower oesophageal segment in all the patients. Of the patients studied, 95.23% were relieved of their symptoms after only one to two sessions. There were no immediate complications. Out of the 38 patients on long term follow up, 8 (21.05%) had recurrence of symptoms. On repeat dilatations, 4 (50%) of them had good response. Late complication like reflux oesophagitis was observed in only 1 patient over a median follow up period of 22 months. It was thus concluded that pneumatic dilatation is a safe, simple and effective procedure in managing patients with achalasia cardia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Potassium induced insulin release from isolated islet of Langerhans of albino rats.

The secretory effect of Potassium (K+) on endocrine pancreas was studied using collagenase digested isolated islets of Langerhans. Isolated islets of Langerhans incubated in KRB containing 5 15, 30 and 45 mM, quantity of additional K ions caused the release of insulin from beta-cells (significant release of insulin, P less than 0.01, at 15, 30 and 45 mM K+ in presence of 2.8 mM glucose and at 30 mM K in presence of 16.7 mM glucose). But lysosomal AP and CB enzymes did not record proportionate change. Thus a definite stimulation in the release of insulin without significant change in AP and CB were seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic removal of retained bile duct calculi via T-tube tract.

A simple and safe technique for removal of retained bile duct calculi using a flexible fibreoptic choledochoscope and rigid nephroscope via the T-tube tract has been described. The technique allowed removal of large impacted calculi under direct vision without damage to the bile duct.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1990

Comparative trial of three different schedules for endoscopic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy.

We analyzed our experience in 125 patients with variceal bleeding to compare the efficacy and complications of various schedules of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. The schedules for the first three injections were as follows: (A) 3-5 ml of aqueous phenol injected at intervals of three weeks (Group I, n = 28), one week (Group II, n = 30) and three days (Group IIIa, n = 33), and (B) 2-3 ml of phenol at each site at intervals of 3 days (Group IIIb, n = 34). Subsequent injections were given at four week intervals for all groups. Varices could be obliterated significantly earlier (p less than 0.001) in patients injected at 3-day intervals (mean +/- SD 9.12 +/- 5.95 weeks) as compared with those injected at 1-week (13.50 +/- 10.28 weeks) and 3-week (20.55 +/- 7.77 weeks) intervals. The rebleeding rate was not significantly less in the 3-day interval group (Group IIIa--16.66% and Group IIIb--17.64%) as compared with the 1-week (23.3%) and 3-week (28.5%) groups. However the mortality due to rebleed was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in patients injected at 3-day interval (nil), as compared with those injected at 1-week (13.3%) and 3-week (10.7%) intervals. Mucosal ulcerations and stricture formation were observed significantly (p less than 0.001) more frequently in patients undergoing sclerotherapy at 3-day intervals (Group IIIa--51.5% and 18.18%) with 3-5 ml of phenol as compared with those injected similar volume at 1-week (16.66% and 3.3%) and 3-week (7.1% and 3.5%) intervals respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Morphological changes in esophagus following endoscopic sclerotherapy with 3% aqueous phenol.

Autopsy studies have shown that a majority of sclerosants presently used for endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy achieve their end result by a process of necrotizing inflammation of the esophageal wall followed by fibrosis and thrombosis, rather than bland thrombosis of varices. We have been using 3% phenol in water for variceal sclerotherapy and found it to be an effective sclerosant. To study the effect of this sclerosant on varices and the esophageal wall, autopsies were performed in 15 patients who died following sclerotherapy. Histopathological examination of sections from the esophagus showed (a) fresh thrombus in the varices immediately following injection, (b) intimal damage with medial sclerosis and superficial mucosal ulceration after one week, (c) organisation and recanalization with marked medial sclerosis at 3-4 weeks, and (d) complete obliteration of varices after 6-12 weeks. None of the patients was found to have esophageal necrosis, perforation or mediastinitis. Thus, 3% aqueous phenol appears to be an effective and safe sclerosant for variceal sclerotherapy.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗