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Biomedical subjects

S K Malik

Publications and source records attributed to S K Malik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Morphohistobiochemical characteristics of embryogenic and nonembryogenic callus cultures of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.).

Ipomoea batatas callus culture raised in a medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) alone or 2,4-D in combination with benzyl adenine, were found to be embryogenic. Supplementation of exogenous chemicals, such as 5 g/l NaCI or 0.7 g/l proline together with a mild dose of 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D, enhanced somatic embryogenesis significantly in all the genotypes tested. Morphological, growth, physiological, histological, and biochemical characteristics of the embryogenic callus were different from the nonembryogenic callus. The former was compact, slow growing, and nodular compared with the fast growing, fragile, nonembryogenic callus. The embryogenic callus tissue had more dry matter, protein and reducing sugar contents compared with the less embryogenic callus. The somatic embryogenic response remained steady in the cultures for up to 96 weeks.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1990

The epidemiology of tuberculosis in Bahrain.

Incidence and mortality from tuberculosis in Bahrain have been examined for the years 1965, 1971, 1980-1981 and 1983-1987. Both incidence and mortality rates have shown a large decline since 1965. Most of the decrease in incidence rates occurred in the period 1983-1987 when there was a sharp decline among non-Bahrainis by an average of 20.4% per annum, from 157.3 per 100,000 in 1983 to 63.1 per 100,000 in 1987. Rates for Bahrainis have decreased gradually since 1965 and during 1983-1987 declined from 15.8 per 100,000 to 11.9 per 100,000; an average annual decline of 6.8%. In 1983-1987, non-Bahrainis showed, on average, rates which were seven times higher than Bahrainis. In 1987, among Bahrainis the age distribution of cases shifted to older age groups in comparison to previous years, and in all the study years, there were more males with pulmonary tuberculosis than females. Rates for non-pulmonary tuberculosis showed only small fluctuations during the study period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fine needle aspiration cytology of intrathoracic lesions--a repraisal.

FNAC was performed in 186 cases. Inadequate material was obtained in 41 cases. A definite diagnosis of malignancy could be made in 120 cases. In five cases a diagnosis "suspicious" of malignancy could be made. No serious complication was encountered with the technique. FNAC is of definite help in diagnosing the intra thoracic lesion whether malignant or inflammatory in nature. It also avoids unnecessary thoracotomy for diagnostic purposes.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1988

Factors influencing the cellular response in bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 30 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and six control subjects. Total leucocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, count of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, T and B lymphocytes were determined in peripheral venous blood. These parameters and macrophage counts were also determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Variations in the cellular responses were correlated with patients' age, sex, nutritional status and duration of symptoms as well as radiological severity of disease. Patients of both sexes (seven female) showed similar responses. Decreased cell counts in peripheral blood were observed in patients aged 31 to 40 years. Well-nourished patients (n = 19) had higher counts of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The duration of symptoms had a significant influence on cellular responses. In blood, lymphocyte counts were increased in those with symptoms of shorter duration but reduced in those symptomatic for more than 6 months. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid also all cellular elements were increased in those symptomatic for less than 6 months but a decline followed in those with symptoms for longer duration. Patients with minimal disease radiologically showed higher total leucocyte counts in blood, whereas those with moderately advanced lesions had elevated absolute lymphocyte counts. T cell lymphopenia was observed in blood of patients with far advanced disease. The inflammatory response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, however, increased in parallel with the severity of disease. Patients with far advanced lesions showed marked inflammation irrespective of duration of symptoms. Thus, the pattern of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not similar to that in peripheral blood, particularly in patients with far advanced lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

False-positive reactions with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in pleural fluid.

The value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion has not been defined. We performed ELISA by a double antibody sandwich technique with anti-BCG antibody in the solid phase to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen in pleural fluid from 36 patients with pleural effusion (tuberculosis 15, lung cancer 12, miscellaneous 9). Pleural fluids from 12 of the tuberculosis patients, 12 of the cancer patients and one patient in the miscellaneous group had optical densities above the cut-off point. False-positive reactions in patients with lung cancer limit the usefulness of ELISA with conventional anti-BCG antibody for detection of M. tuberculosis antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High speed photographic analysis of aerosols produced by metered dose inhalers.

The design of pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDI) used to assess asthma is variable. We have examined the aerosol spray flumes generated by four commercially available MDI products using high speed video photography. For this purpose a moulded jacket was designed which could hold the inhaler in an immovable position during actuation. Fresh inhalers were fitted in the jacket after thorough shaking and three successive actuations 30 s apart were filmed with a high speed video camera (200 frames s-1). The aerosol, ejected at high velocity into calm room air, was seen to have a 'jet' phase followed by a 'cloud' phase as a result of particle dispersion. Filming was continued till the flume could no longer be visualized on the TV monitor. High speed photography was used to record flumes seen on the video monitor, to enable characterization of flume appearance, dimensions and mean velocity.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1988

Use of visual analogue scales for assessment of the severity of asthma.

Use of visual analogue scales (VAS) can provide reliable assessment of dyspnea. In order to determine if VAS can be used for clinical assessment of asthma we administered the scale to 40 stable asthmatics and found a good correlation (r = -0.72) with the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) readings expressed as per cent of predicted normal. The scales were also used to assess severity in 12 acutely ill asthmatics. Values of VAS and PEFR were recorded at the time of admission and twice daily thereafter till discharge from the hospital. The correlation of the two parameters was less than that obtained in stable asthmatics, but graphic parallelism was remarkable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Single dose kinetics of rifampicin and isoniazid in well-nourished and malnourished patients of tuberculosis.

A single dose kinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin alone, and combination was studied in well-nourished and malnourished patients of tuberculosis. The elimination half-life of isoniazid was significantly increased when administered in combination with rifampicin in well-nourished and malnourished patients, while no significant difference was observed in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin in combination with isoniazid or alone in both groups of patients. Results are discussed on the basis of pharmacokinetic drug interaction.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1988

Drug usage in chest diseases.

A survey of prescribing trends was carried out on 70 admitted patients and 210 outpatients presenting themselves for treatment at the chest disease unit of the Nehru Hospital attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research. Drug usage was found to be very rational and scientific, other findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Wegener's granulomatosis in north India. An analysis of eleven patients.

Eleven patients with Wegener's granulomatosis were seen at this Institute over a period of 20 years. There were six men and five women. The average age of presentation was 38.3 years, and the mean duration of symptoms was 10.5 months. Constitutional symptoms (82%), cough (82%), ocular symptoms (64%), arthralgias (55%), rhinorrhoea (55%), haemoptysis (45%), nasal granuloma (45%), otorrhoea (36%), sinusitis (36%), skin lesions (27%), and renal failure (27%) were the clinical manifestations encountered. All patients had an elevated ESR, and 55% had leucocytosis. Proteinuria and haematuria were observed in 64% and 55% respectively. Chest radiographs were abnormal in 82%. In four patients the disease had a fulminant course and the patients died before adequate treatment was given. Two patients received corticosteroids alone and have since been lost to follow up. Five (45%) received adequate cytotoxic therapy and have done well for 8-46 months (mean, 24.8 months) after diagnosis. Wegener's granulomatosis in India is apparently similar to that seen elsewhere, but the high incidence of tuberculosis interferes with early diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗