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Biomedical subjects

S K Majumdar

Publications and source records attributed to S K Majumdar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Repair of cleft lip on relatively older children with anthropometrical surgical outcome.

A prospective study was done on 54 patients aged over 6 months with cleft lip with or without cleft palate admitted in the department of pediatric surgery of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period from Oct 2002 to Dec 2004. The anthropometrical surgical outcome was evaluated by measuring the length, diameter and thickness of hemilip and diameter of nostril both pre and postoperatively (according to schedule). Patients were categorized into three groups according to their age. Mean Corrective rate was evaluated and it was shown 95% in the 1(st) age group, 93% in 2(nd) age group and 95.55% in the 3(rd) group. Complication was evaluated in only 16.66% of patients. Regarding the out come scar, cupid's bow, notching, labial and nasal symmetry were taken in consideration. Beside these this study might play a comparative role with the results of correction of cleft lip in early age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Response of Mouse Breast Cancer Cells to Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, and the Combination.

The murine breast cancer cells (4T1) grown both in female BALB/c mice and in culture were treated with anastrozole (50 $\mu$ g/mL), tamoxifen citrate (5 $\mu$ g/mL), and the combination of the two drugs in order to determine treatment efficacies, toxic potential, and the mechanism of cell death. The in vivo treatments were evaluated by monitoring tumor growth, development, and life span. The in vitro effects were measured through cell growth kinetics, cell proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential disruption assay, and light and scanning electron microscopy. All drug treatments extended the mean life span of the 4T1-inoculated tumor-bearing mice; however, only tamoxifen and combination treatments statistically increased the life span when compared to untreated mice. Although the most drug inhibitory effect on cell multiplication was observed in the combination treatment, both anastrozole and tamoxifen individually inhibited cell proliferation significantly at most time periods in this mouse breast cancer cell line. The mitochondrial membrane potential disruption assay demonstrated significant increase in the percent of cells undergoing apoptosis in all treatment groups. However, the combination treatment was the most effective in inducing cell death via apoptosis. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the treated cells revealed characteristics such as rounding, clumping, and shrinkage of the cells as well as formation of cell surface blebbing and apoptotic bodies suggestive of cell death via apoptotic pathway.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

JU-2, a novel phosphorous-containing antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces kanamyceticus M8.

A novel phosphorous-containing antifungal antibiotic JU-2 was isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus M8. Quantitative chemical analysis shows the presence of two phenylalanines, two glucose, one linoleic acid, one crucic acid and one phosphonamide moiety per molcule of the antibiotic. JU-2 shows strong inhibitory activity against various pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi but no activity against bacteria and yeast.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1999

Doctors in literature.

Both, medicine and creative literature map out the mind of mankind and expose the beauty of nature and the biological world. Literature gives insight into the inner dynamics of the human mind. Doctors of medicine know the cell-the building block of the body and mind. They can easily penetrate into the innermost sanctum of the human mind. They see things as they really are not as they themselves are. Creative writers are keen observers of everything around them. Keen observation very often tells or give clues to scientific truth. World literature offers a galaxy of those creative minds. It is a brief account of the contribution of doctors in literature over the centuries. It is, by no means, comprehensive. It is an overview.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1998

Universalism in medicine through the ages.

Since man was formed in the divine likeness, God being considered as the source of all truth and goodness, mankind must possess this inherent goodness. It is however, this inherent goodness reflected in the healing activities of mankind which every culture and race has given witness to in all periods of time. This developing in different cultures in different ways throughout the world as a thread of continuity linking the brilliant discoveries of the medical sciences of our own time with that has gone before.

History, 21st Century↗
PubMed1998

Corpus Hippocraticum 'on the sacred disease'.

The Hippocratic Corpus was attributed to all branches of healing including internal medicine, surgery, and obstetrics. The Hippocratic collection of treatises (or corpus) was mostly written between 430 and 330 B.C. and some are later works. Some 600 years after Hippocrates, the Corpus were further systematized by Galen and later still by the Persian Islamic physician Avicenna and others. The Corpus provides an insight into the origin and development of rational medicine in the west.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1997

Glimpses of Islamic medicine.

The fall of the Roman Empire during the fifth century A.D. Ushered in the beginning of the Dark Ages. After this, in Europe further progress of Greco-Roman medicine originated from Hippocrates was halted. The ideas about medicine and hygiene were kept alive in monasteries only. The Arabs made advances in medicine at a time when the rest of Europe was in the Dark Ages. Islamic system or the rulers of the day actively encouraged scholarship and growth of knowledge. The Islamic gift of the day to the world of medicine was simply unique.

History, Medieval↗
PubMed1997

Galen's use of Aristotle.

The thought of Aristotle has stamped itself on the whole subsequent course of Natural philosophy including the philosophy of healing art since the 4th century B. C. He is known to be the great codifier of ancient Natural philosophy. He developed coherent theories of generation and functional morphology of animals and heredity in his treaties. Aristotle dissected about 70 species of animals and founded the basis of comparative Anatomy.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed1996

Aristotle's ethical theory & modern health care.

The Greek physician of antiquity - Hippocrates (460-356 B.C.) is called the Father of Modern Medicine and the Hippocratic Oath to which doctors of modern medicine traditionally and formally express their allegiance, forms the basic foundation of medical ethics. The tradition of Western ethical philosophy began with the ancient Greeks. From Socrates (469-399 B.C.) and his immediate successors, Plato (427-347 B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), there is a clear line of continuity, through Hellenistic period (from the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the end of Ptolemic dynasty (30 B.C.) and the Roman annexation of Egypt - broadly post-Aristotelian and medieval thought to the present day. But the society has qualitatively and quantitatively changed since the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and 19th centuries. Society, today, is just a collection of discrete individuals, each with his or her own purposes and interests. Hence it has become almost imperative to apply the principle of autonomy to issues in the ethics of health care. The aim of this short essay is, therefore, an attempt to explore the relevance, if any, of Aristotelian ethical theory to the modern health care.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed1995

Ethical aspects of the Hippocratic Oath and its relevance to contemporary medicine.

For centuries the Hippocratic Oath was the example of medical etiquette and as such, determined the professional attitude of physicians in modern medicine. This essay includes a short biographical account of Hippocrates, throws some light on the origin of the oath, cites the text of the oath (in English) and gives an ethical interpretation of the oath. Analysis of the past very often offers creative guidance to the present and also to the future, and the Hippocratic oath is no exception.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1994

Tiapride in the prevention of relapse in recently detoxified alcoholics.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to investigate the effect of tiapride (100 mg three times a day for at least one month) on outcome following detoxification. METHOD: The setting was a tertiary referral centre. The study design was randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. One hundred routinely admitted alcohol-dependent patients were entered, and 54 completed the trial. Outcome was assessed by considering drinking status at three months and six months follow-up, and by comparing psychological status at intake and follow-up using the Crown-Crisp Experiential index, the Litman Self-esteem scale and a Satisfaction with Life Situations scale. We also compared performance over the six months before admission with the three and six months of follow-up on measures of health, social and drinking variables. RESULTS: Tiapride proved better (usually at statistically highly significant levels) than placebo at promoting: abstinence, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life situations; and at reducing: alcohol consumption, use of health service resources, and levels of neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS: Tiapride merits serious consideration in the longer-term treatment of alcoholic patients.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1994

Medicine through the ages.

History of medicine chronologically traces its development from guesswork about the actions of prehistoric man through the centuries to some aspects of the present day. The intellectual and cultural centres of the world have moved over time to time from place to place. In earlier times all knowledge was part of a conglomerate which one polymath might be able to master in a way no longer open to anyone now. The history of medicine through the ages has been presented here under different subdivisions, such as The Past, The Middle Ages, The Twelfth century Renaissance and Medicine and the Renaissance (Newton's century) etc.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1993

A short history of gastrointestinal endoscopy.

The word "endoscopy" is derived from the Greek by combining the prefix "endo" meaning "within" and the verb "skopein", "to view or observe". The result is an adequate term for the procedure of peering into the recesses of the living body. But "skopein" means not merely to look at something, but rather to view with a purpose, to observe with intent and to monitor. The ancient Greek had no equivalent for "endoscopy", but being wise, they would have understood its modern meaning and likely would have admired its choice. Medical technology, though in the beginning primitive but none-the-less innovative, is as old as mankind. The splints found on the legs of Egyptian mummies from the Old Kingdom (400 B.C.) are examples of pre-historic medical technology that serves to emphasise that medical technology has always been with the Homo sapiens.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed1991

Genotoxic effects of gossypol acetic acid on cultured murine erythroleukemia cells.

Gossypol acetic acid, a male anti-fertility drug, was evaluated for its effects on cell multiplication, chromosomes, scheduled and unscheduled DNA synthesis, and the surface ultrastructure in cultured murine erythroleukemia cells (clone 6A11A). Gossypol treatments inhibited cell multiplication at 10 and 20 micrograms/ml concentrations and this inhibitory effect increased with elevated dosage and prolonged treatment. Gossypol significantly depressed the mitotic index but did not alter chromosome numbers or increase the frequency of chromosomal structural abnormalities. Cell fraction techniques revealed that gossypol induced a negative effect on cellular DNA synthesis at concentrations as low as 3.3 micrograms/ml after 24 hr of treatment. The number of cells undergoing DNA synthesis decreased with increasing dosages and durations of drug exposure. An unscheduled DNA synthesis assay (UDS) found gossypol to be an active UDS-inducing agent at certain dose levels and treatment times, as measured by increase in net nuclear gain and percentage of UDS cells (ANOVA, Bonferroni test, P less than 0.05). A scanning electron microscope study revealed that 10 micrograms/ml treatment with gossypol caused changes in mouse erythroleukemia cell surface ultrastructure characterized by general balding and the appearance of holes, often after 48 hr of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Chlormethiazole: current status in the treatment of the acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome.

Comparative clinical studies of Chlormethiazole with a vast array of pharmacologically unrelated drugs like benzodiazepines, tiapride, bromocriptine, carbamazepine and phenothiazines over the years clearly established it as a useful, dependable and effective drug to treat patients with moderate to severe ethanol withdrawal syndrome, when used early in a flexible reducing regime tailed off over 7-10 days. It has been found to be highly effective in the treatment, and particularly in the prevention of DT's in high-risk patients, if given at an early stage. This paper critically reviews the important international clinical trial literature of various drugs currently used in the treatment of ethanol withdrawal syndrome, including DT's, it highlights the efficacy and superiority of Chlormethiazole over other drugs, and also discusses the probable mechanism of its actions in these conditions.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between hepatic histology and conventional biochemical liver function test in chronic alcoholic patients.

This paper explores the relationship between hepatic histology and conventional biochemical liver function tests in 125 chronic alcoholic patients. On the basis of the results obtained, it is suggested that abnormal biochemical liver function tests may offer important clues for further invasive investigations to establish the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗