Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S K Jindal

Publications and source records attributed to S K Jindal.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 polymorphism and risk of lung cancer in a North Indian population.

This case-control study was conducted to examine the association between the CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 genotypes and lung cancer risk among North Indians. The estimated relative risk for lung cancer associated with the CYP1A1 Val/Val allele was 2.68, and was four-fold when cases with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were considered alone. With regard to the metabolism of debrisoquine, no poor metabolizers were found amongst the subjects. The odds ratio of risk with the heterozygous extensive metabolizer (HEM) genotype was 1.5. However, in the presence of at least a single copy of the variant CYP1A1 MspI allele and the CYP2D6 HEM genotype, the risk was two-fold for squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). When the CYP1A1 Val/Val and CYP2D6 HEM genotypes were taken together, the risk for SCLC was four-fold. Stratified analysis indicated an interaction between bidi smoking and variant CYP1A1 genotypes on the risk for SQCC and SCLC. Heavy smokers (Brinkman index>400) with Val/Val genotypes were at a very high risk of developing lung cancer (odds ratio 29.30, 95% confidence interval 2.42-355, p=0.008). Heavy smokers with CYP1A1 MspI (CYP1A1*1/2A or CYP1A1*2A/*2A) genotype had a seven-fold risk for SCLC compared with non-smokers. This study is the first to be carried out on a North Indian population, and, although small, suggests that CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms might have a role in determining the risk for lung cancer and should be investigated further.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maturation changes of goat spermatozoa during transit throught the epididymis.

Epididymal maturation of spermatozoa was studied in eight sexually mature goats. The parameters studied were biometry, loss of cytoplasmic droplet and motility. Along the epididymal duct, the size of the sperm head increased while the cytoplasmic droplets were progressively and gradually lost. The cauda sperm showed forward motility, a property conspiciously lacked by the caput and corpus spermatozoa. Possible relation of these changes with the development of fertility has been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of thyroidectomy and adrenalectomy on the physiochemical status of rat testes.

Influence of thyroid and adrenal hormones on the testicular biochemical activities and their role in the mechanism of male gonadal function were scantily reported. The present study in the thyroidectomized and adrenalectomized animals revealed that thyroid deficiency caused decrease in acid phosphatase activities, increase in cholesterol and GOT activities, where as hypoadrenalism had to some extent opposite effects compared to intact controls. These findings point out that thyroid hormones are very important for and regulate the male reproduction by maintaining the gonadal biochemical homeostasis and adjuvating the action of gonadotrophins for steroidogenesis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of chronic use of cyproterone Acetate on the epididymis of goat.

Effect of chronic treatment of cyproterone acetate, and antiandrogen with antigonadotrophin activity, on the epididymal sperm reserve and sperm maturation was studied in Black Bengal goats (a dwarf breed). It was observed that this compound produced significant reduction in epididymal sperm numbers in the treated groups as compared to the controls. There was significant reduction in progressive sperm motility. Other morphological maturation changes like the length and breath of the sperm head were significantly altered after treatment with CA for 70 days; and greater number of caudal spermatozoa of treated animals retained their cytoplasmic droplets than those of controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute respiratory distress syndrome following nitrogen dioxide exposure.

A young laborer was accidentally exposed to toxic nitrogen dioxide fumes following an accidental explosion at work place. He developed acute respiratory distress within few hours of exposure and manifested with severe hypoxemia and permeability edema. Assistance with mechanical ventilation and corticosteroid therapy could be instituted only after 24 hours of exposure. He had shown remarkable recovery and could be weaned off after seven days. At three weeks after discharge, his lung function tests were normal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of ventilatory minute volumes for normocapnic ventilation under anaesthesia in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation under anaesthesia needs to be controlled to maintain normal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in the blood and to economize on fresh gas flows. Various ventilation nomograms such as Radford's nomogram and Nunn's CO2 predictor are based on data from studies, some of which do not mimic the conditions which prevail under anaesthesia. We, therefore, planned a study to formulate nomograms for normocapnic ventilation for anaesthetized adult subjects. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-three patients with normal pulmonary function tests, scheduled for elective non-thoracic surgery were studied. Subjects were ventilated with a Siemens Servo 900 B ventilator using CO2 analyser 930 (Siemens-Elema Sweden) to adjust the minute volume sufficient to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide fraction (FE,CO2) at around 5.5 normocapnia (PaCO2 5.06-5.6 kPa). This was confirmed with arterial blood gas analysis. RESULTS: The mean (SD) ventilation required for male patients was 6.123 (0.91) L [105 (13.1) ml/kg]. This was significantly higher than the requirement for female patients [5.262 (0.82) L; 98.7 (13.3) ml/kg]. The minute volume requirements showed a significant correlation with weight (W), height (H), body surface area, body mass index and other combinations of weight and height such as W x H, W/H, W2, W3 and H/W1/3. Nomograms were constructed for different weights and heights of males and females using multiple regression analysis. These minute volumes were found to be significantly higher than those calculated according to Radford's nomogram as well as Nunn's CO2 predictor and significantly lower than the Adelaide ventilation guide. CONCLUSION: The differences obtained in our nomograms are probably because the earlier ones were based on minute carbon dioxide production and physiological dead space data obtained from widely differing studies, some of which did not resemble conditions prevailing under anaesthesia. None of these used strict inclusion criteria such as pulmonary function tests. These may also be due to a difference in body structure between the subjects studied. Therefore, minute volume requirements calculated based on available western nomograms should not be applied to Indian subjects for normocapnic ventilation under anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchial hyper-responsiveness of women with asthma exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.

Effect of chronic environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on bronchial responsiveness (BR) was assessed by the measurement of BR in stable, nonsmoker asthmatic women and comparison of the PD20 in the exposed and non exposed groups was also studied. Nonspecific bronchoprovocation test was performed by histamine inhalational challenge. Of fifty patients included in the study, 23 (46%) had history of ETS exposure of 1.22 (+/- 0.61) hours per day for an average of 13.07 (+/- 6.1) years. The PD20 was significantly lower in the ETS exposed group (p < 0.05). When the subjects were compared, based on their cumulative exposure expressed by an exposure index (El = duration of exposure in years multiplied by average number of hours per day), there was a statistically significant difference in PD20 of those with El of less than those with El of more than 15. It is concluded that BR is greater, and reflects the higher morbidity in the ETS exposed patients of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.

Tuberculosis is a common cause of pleural effusion in India. Diagnosis can be made in a majority of patients from the clinical features, pleural fluid examination (including cytology, biochemistry and bacteriology), and pleural biopsy. Adenosine deaminase estimation in pleural fluid is occasionally useful. Newer diagnostic techniques include lysozyme or interferon gamma estimation, immunodiagnostic methods and polymerase chain reaction. Although promising, they still need to be studied further before their routine use can be recommended.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute respiratory distress syndrome complicating typhoid fever.

We report a case of a young female patient with typhoid fever whose clinical course was complicated by hypotension, thrombocytopenia, encephalopathy and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). She recovered with prompt mechanical ventilatory support. ARDS in typhoid fever has generally proved to be fatal in reported cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow in healthy young adults.

Diurnal variability in peak expiratory flow (PEF) was studied for three days in 152 healthy volunteers aged 20-40 years, and expressed as amplitude percent mean (A%M) and standard deviation percent mean (SD%M). The commonest pattern (74.6%) observed was that of a nadir at waking in morning, a progressive rise upto late afternoon and a plateau or a small decrease at bedtime. Mean diurnal variation in PEF on the third day was 7.23 +/- 3.48 (A%M) and 2.98 +/- 1.31 (SD%M). Both the diurnal variation and the calculated upper limits of normality were found to be lower than those reported previously for Western subjects. This knowledge of diurnal variation is important for any meaningful interpretation of PEF recordings used to monitor patients with asthma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing severity of asthma: spirometric correlates with visual analogue scale (VAS).

BACKGROUND: Measurements of dyspnoea in asthma are difficult. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) are the most widely used objective measures of bronchial obstruction in asthma. Subjective continuous scales like visual analogue scale (VAS) provide a more flexible means of grading dyspnoea as perceived by the patient. METHODS: Utility of a VAS in assessing severity of bronchial asthma was evaluated in 195 previously diagnosed adult patients with bronchial asthma. Patients were asked to mark their severity as perceived by them on a continuous vertical VAS of 100 mm anchored at bottom with description no breathlessness' and at top by 'greatest breathlessness'. The distance measured from bottom in mm was taken as VAS score. This was correlated with FEV1 and PEF recorded immediately after the scale was marked. RESULTS: The mean VAS score was 31.13 (+/- 28.32) mm and had a good negative correlation with FEV1 (r = 0.5255, p < 0.01) and PEF (r = 0.4609, p < 0.01). Patients were also classified into four groups of mild, moderate, severe and acute asthma, and correlation analyzed in each group separately. The correlation was more significant in subgroups of moderate and severe asthma. Educational status of subjects had no impact on this correlation. CONCLUSION: VAS is a reasonable tool for measurement and monitoring of severity of asthma in individual patients, and may be used when more objective tests are not available.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis: a report of two cases.

We describe here two patients with tracheobronchial involvement by amyloidosis. One of them had presented with discrete tracheobronchial mass lesions simulating bronchogenic carcinoma. The other had intermittent streaky hemoptysis and was found to have diffuse tracheobronchial involvement at bronchoscopy. Both patients are doing well without any definitive therapy.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing the number of daily measurements results in poor estimation of diurnal variability of peak expiratory flow in healthy individuals.

AIM: To determine the effect of reducing number of daily measurements on estimation of diurnal variability (DV) of peak expiratory flow (PEF). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: PEF was recorded five times daily for three days in 152 healthy adults. Amplitude percent mean (A%M) and standard deviation percent mean (SD%M) were calculated on third day from five, four, three and two daily readings. Proportion of variability explained by partial schedules was calculated and limits of agreement derived to assess if these methods could be used interchangeably. RESULTS: Four, three and two measurements explained 90-95%, 70-82% and 55% DV respectively using A%M. All schedules of partial measurement using SD%M explained >90% DV. Limits of agreement for A%M and SD%M widened as number of measurements were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: DV obtained by fewer daily measurements agrees poorly with results obtained from five measurements. SD%M is a better alternative if DV is assessed from fewer readings.

Adult↗