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Biomedical subjects

S K Jindal

Publications and source records attributed to S K Jindal.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Relative bronchodilatory responsiveness attributable to sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in bronchial asthma.

A single blind, cross-over study was performed in 12 male, nonsmoker, stable asthmatics, to assess the bronchodilatory responsiveness attributable to sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms. Serial doses of one agent (salbutamol or ipratropium) were administered to the supramaximal level to produce the maximum achievable bronchodilatation; thereafter, the other drug was given. The sequence was reversed on the 2nd day. On the 3rd day, both drugs were given together from the very beginning. Significant initial bronchodilatation was observed with either agent given alone, but was more marked with salbutamol. Further additional bronchodilatation was seen when salbutamol was administered after ipratropium, but not with ipratropium given after salbutamol. It was concluded that all achievable bronchodilatation was obtained with the adrenergic agent (salbutamol) given alone and that the dominant autonomic control of bronchomotor tone in bronchial asthma is through adrenoceptors.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1988

Drug usage in chest diseases.

A survey of prescribing trends was carried out on 70 admitted patients and 210 outpatients presenting themselves for treatment at the chest disease unit of the Nehru Hospital attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research. Drug usage was found to be very rational and scientific, other findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Wegener's granulomatosis in north India. An analysis of eleven patients.

Eleven patients with Wegener's granulomatosis were seen at this Institute over a period of 20 years. There were six men and five women. The average age of presentation was 38.3 years, and the mean duration of symptoms was 10.5 months. Constitutional symptoms (82%), cough (82%), ocular symptoms (64%), arthralgias (55%), rhinorrhoea (55%), haemoptysis (45%), nasal granuloma (45%), otorrhoea (36%), sinusitis (36%), skin lesions (27%), and renal failure (27%) were the clinical manifestations encountered. All patients had an elevated ESR, and 55% had leucocytosis. Proteinuria and haematuria were observed in 64% and 55% respectively. Chest radiographs were abnormal in 82%. In four patients the disease had a fulminant course and the patients died before adequate treatment was given. Two patients received corticosteroids alone and have since been lost to follow up. Five (45%) received adequate cytotoxic therapy and have done well for 8-46 months (mean, 24.8 months) after diagnosis. Wegener's granulomatosis in India is apparently similar to that seen elsewhere, but the high incidence of tuberculosis interferes with early diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Acute increases in anastomotic bronchial systemic to pulmonary blood flow due to generalized lung injury.

Since pulmonary blood flow to regions involved in adult respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) is reduced by hypoxic vasoconstriction, compression by cuffs of edema, and local thromboses, we postulated that the bronchial circulation must enlarge to provide for the inflammatory response. We measured anastomotic bronchial systemic to pulmonary blood flow [QBr(s-p)] serially in a lung lobe in 31 open-chest dogs following a generalized lobar injury simulating ARDS. The pulmonary circulation of the weighed left lower lobe (LLL) was isolated and perfused (zone 2) with autologous blood in anesthetized dogs. QBr(s-p) was measured from the amount of blood which overflowed from this closed vascular circuit corrected by any changes in the lobe weight. The LLL was ventilated with 5% CO2 in air. The systemic blood pressure (volume infusion), gases, and acid-base status (right lung ventilation) were kept constant. We injured the LLL via the airway by instilling either 0.1 N HCl or a mixture of glucose and glucose oxidase or via the pulmonary vessels by injecting either alpha-naphthylthiourea or oleic acid into the LLL pulmonary artery. In both types of injury, there was a prompt rise in QBr(s-p) (mean rise = 247% compared with control), which was sustained for the 2 h of observation. The cause of this increase in flow was studied. Control instillation of normal saline into the airways or into the pulmonary vessels did not change QBr(s-p) nor did a similar increase in lobar fluid (weight) due to hydrostatic edema. Neither cardiac output nor systemic blood pressure increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Lung cancer in Northern India in relation to age, sex and smoking habits.

Primary lung cancer in Northern India was analysed in relation to age, sex and smoking history in 480 histologically diagnosed cases. The M:F ratio rose progressively up to the 51-60 years age group and was about the same thereafter. The M:F ratio was very high in smokers and was almost identical for all cell types (greater than 20:1). In non-smokers, the M:F ratio differed with the cell type. The smoker:non-smoker ratio differed significantly in the age groups below and above 40. In those up to 40 years of age, the predominant cell type was small cell carcinoma and the cell type had no significant association with smoking habit. Above 40 years of age, the squamous cell type was most common in smokers and adenocarcinoma in non-smokers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

A comparative randomized double-blind clinical trial of hexapneumine and clistine as antitussive agents.

The efficacy and safety of a new antitussive expectorant drug hexapneumine was compared with that of an already marketed and functionally related clistine in a double-blind, randomized, parallel design clinical trial. A total of 100 patients with cough associated with chest diseases participated in the trial. Five patients (hexapneumine 3 and clistine 2) were lost to follow-up. Ninety-five patients (hexapneumine 46, clistine 49) completed the trial. Hexapneumine was significantly more effective (p less than 0.02) than clistine in suppressing cough as recorded from the patient's subjective improvement in the severity of the symptom. The side-effects observed were mild in nature and did not require reduction in dosage or withdrawal of the drug in any of the patients. Drowsiness and dryness of mouth were the predominant side-effects and were relatively more common in the clistine group as compared to hexapneumine. In the experimentally induced cough in 8 healthy human volunteers subjected to crossover design of study at weekly interval, hexapneumine and clistine were equally effective in suppressing cough. It is concluded that hexapneumine is a more effective antitussive as compared to clistine in naturally occurring cough. However, in experimentally induced cough the two drugs were equally effective. Hexapneumine exhibited relatively fewer side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sarcoidosis in north India: the clinical profile of 40 patients.

Sarcoidosis is being increasingly recognized in India. Over the last 7 years we studied 40 patients. Older males out numbered young females. Thoracic (98%), constitutional (50%) and ocular (40%) involvement dominated the clinical profile. In addition, erythema nodosum (20%), facial palsy (13%), parotid enlargement (8%), lymphadenopathy (42%), hepatomegaly (37%) and splenomegaly (17%) were also observed. Radiologically, 53%, 30% and 15% of patients were in Stage I, II and III respectively at presentation. Kveim test was positive in 45% of those tested. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in 80% of patients. The remaining eight patients (20%) were relatively asymptomatic, all had bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and either erythema nodosum or uveitis or both. 88% were tuberculin negative. Systemic steroids were used in 60% and topical steroid eye drops in a further 20%. Response to therapy was excellent except in Stage III disease where radiological and spirometric deterioration was observed in three patients. There were no fatalities. The overall clinical behaviour of north Indian patients with sarcoidosis was quite similar to that of patients in England but different from previously reported Indian patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Regulation of increase in anastomotic blood flow following pulmonary arterial occlusion.

We have previously shown that there is an acute increase in anastomotic bronchial blood flow (Qbr) after pulmonary arterial obstruction in dogs. We examined the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in mediating this increase. The left lower lobe (LLL) was isolated and perfused (zone 2) with autologous blood in open-chested anesthetized dogs (n = 19). Qbr was measured from the amount of blood that overflowed from the closed vascular circuit of the suspended LLL and changes in its weight. In the control animals, there was a prompt and significant increase in Qbr following pulmonary arterial obstruction. Pretreatment with indomethacin (n = 6) or sodium salicylate (n = 4) almost completely blocked this rise in Qbr. Following pulmonary arterial occlusion, there was a rise in both thromboxane and a prostacyclin metabolite (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in the blood of the pulmonary circulation of the LLL, although the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose relatively more. Pretreatment with indomethacin caused a fall in both thromboxane and prostacyclin levels (n = 3), which no longer rose after pulmonary arterial occlusion. These findings suggested that the balance of the vasodilator (prostacyclin) and vasoconstrictor (thromboxane) prostaglandins may play an important role in mediating the rise in Qbr that follows pulmonary arterial obstruction.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1984

Sperm concentration in different segments of the goat epididymis.

Spermatocrit values of fluid collected by micropuncture from the caput, corpus and cauda of goat epididymides as well as rete testis fluid and testicular fluid were determined for eight animals. The values indicated that 98.02% of fluid is absorbed in the epididymis and that the cauda epididymis contains the lowest amount of fluid, significantly different from the rete testis, corpus and caput.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Acute increase in anastomotic bronchial blood flow after pulmonary arterial obstruction.

We examined the acute changes in anastomotic bronchial blood flow (Qbr) serially for the 1st h after pulmonary arterial obstruction and subsequent reperfusion. We isolated and perfused the pulmonary circulation of the otherwise intact left lower lobe (LLL) with autologous blood in the widely opened chest of anesthetized dogs. Qbr was measured from the amount of blood overflowing from the closed pulmonary vascular circuit and the changes in the lobe weight. The right lung and the test lobe (LLL) were ventilated independently. The LLL, which was in zone 2 (mean pulmonary arterial pressure = 14.8 cm H2O, pulmonary venous pressure = 0, alveolar pressure = 5-15 cmH2O), was weighed continuously. The systemic blood pressure, gases, and acid-base status were kept constant. In control dogs without pulmonary arterial obstruction, the Qbr did not change for 2 h. Five minutes after pulmonary arterial obstruction, there was already a marked increase in Qbr, which then continued to increase for 1 h. After reperfusion, Qbr decreased. The increase in Qbr was greater after complete lobar than sublobar pulmonary arterial obstruction. It was unaltered when the downstream pulmonary venous pressure was increased to match the preobstruction pulmonary microvascular pressure. Thus, in zone 2, reduction in downstream pressure was not responsible for the increase in Qbr; neither was the decrease in alveolar PCO2, since ventilating the lobe with 10% CO2 instead of air did not change the Qbr. These findings suggest that there is an acute increase in Qbr after pulmonary arterial obstruction and that is not due to downstream pressure or local PCO2 changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Incidence of isoniazid acetylation phenotypes in North Indians.

Isoniazid acetylation phenotypes were determined in 110 cases (55 of pulmonary tuberculosis and 55 of nontubercular chest diseases) by sulphadimidine acetylation test (Bratton and Marshall method). Cases with more than 65% of acetylated sulphadimidine in urine at 6th h were classified as fast acetylators, those with less than 50% as slow acetylators and others with values between 50-65% as intermediate acetylators. There were 39.09% fast, 46.36% intermediate and 14.55% slow acetylators. Possible factors for difference in results from other Indian studies have been discussed. Sulphadimidine acetylation showed no variation due to presence of disease, age, sex, religion, place of origin, height, weight and smoking habits. However, 79% of those who took alcohol regularly turned out to be fast acetylators.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1983

Reverse smoking and chronic obstructive lung disease.

Reverse smoking is a popular habit peculiarly prevalent among adults of southeastern coastal towns and villages of India. The smoking device is hand made. A few dried twigs of home grown tobacco are rolled crudely in a semi-dried tobacco leaf. The finished product is called 'chutta'. The average weight of the hand rolled chuttas varies between 1.5 g for the small one and 7.5 g for the big chuttas. During smoking the lighted end of the chutta is kept inside the mouth during inhalation. An average adult may smoke three to four chuttas per day. Reverse smoking was first highlighted by Reddy and Rao (1957) who reported a high occurrence of oropharyngeal carcinomas in chutta smokers. The cancerous changes were attributed to the heat generated inside the oral cavity and burning of tobacco (Reddy & Rao 1957). The present study was carried out to examine the frequency of symptoms of chronic respiratory disease and changes in lung function associated with this form of smoking habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Leiomyosarcoma of the mediastinum.

Leiomyosarcomas of the mediastinum are rare tumours, with only four cases reported in the literature. In the absence of any specific clinical pointer for diagnosis, proof comes through histopathologic study. One case of leiomyosarcoma of the superior mediastinum is reported here because of its rarity and an interesting histopathology.

Humans↗