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S K Hanneman

Publications and source records attributed to S K Hanneman.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Measuring circadian temperature rhythm.

Experimental control and mathematical techniques increase confidence that results of circadian temperature rhythm studies reflect true changes in the circadian timing system versus coupling with exogenous synchronizers. Masking effects represent confounding influences in studies that are concerned with the endogenous temperature rhythm. Because it is technically difficult to measure directly the behavior of the endogenous timing system, marker rhythms are used as proxy measures. However in addition to entraining, the external environment exerts a direct masking effect on the monitored rhythm. Methods for measuring circadian temperature rhythm are reviewed in this article. Constant routine, forced desynchrony, and purification methods represent attempts, at an experimental or mathematical level, to remove masking effects and more accurately capture the endogenous circadian temperature rhythm. Exogenous factors have not been subjected to the same scrutiny as the endogenous features of circadian temperature rhythm. But it is the environmental context, the extent to which the endogenous features are adaptively modified by the field environment, that will ultimately determine the biological value of circadian temperature rhythm to the organism. Thus, nurse investigators are encouraged to use rigorous methods to study both endogenous circadian temperature rhythm and exogenous rhythms.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed1998

Weaning from mechanical ventilatory support: refinement of a model.

The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses sponsored the third National Study Group to advance the science of weaning from mechanical ventilatory support and to guide clinical practice. The study group proposed a model of weaning in 1994 to provide an organizing framework for scientific inquiry. Since the model was first proposed, the ongoing work of the study group has led to refinement of the model. The purpose of this brief communication is to inform critical care clinicians and researchers about the refinements.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1997

A volunteers in participatory sampling survey of weaning practices. The Third National Study Group on Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation.

The survey results of the VIPs membership described in this article add qualitative information to the growing body of scientific knowledge on weaning patients off ventilators. Clearly, quantitative studies exploring the efficacy of different weaning practices across the continuum must be done if we are to accurately compare practices and prescribe the "when" and "how" of weaning. To this end, the Third National Study Group is revising the proposed weaning model and model in order to further elucidate the state of the art and science of weaning.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Advancing nursing practice with a unit-based clinical expert.

OBJECTIVE: To explore patterns in the practice of nursing and patient outcomes. DESIGN: Qualitative field research. POPULATION, SAMPLE, SETTING: Populations were critical care nurses and critically ill adult patients in the 10-bed medical critical care unit of a 900-bed teaching hospital. A convenience-purposive sample of 27 nurses and 31 patients was studied in 1985. METHODS: Six months of participant observation, unstructured interviews, and the constant comparison method of grounded theory. FINDINGS: Markedly different patterns were found in expert and nonexpert practice. The substantive theory of conversion helped explain how the majority of nonexpert nurses advanced their practice. The metaphor of catalyzed conversion captures how a unit-based expert nurse serves as a catalyst to advance the practice of nonexperts. Presence, defined as the way of being within a given clinical context, differentiated nurses. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Expert and nonexpert practices are substantively different. (b) Expert and nonexpert practice results in different patient outcomes. (c) Conversion helps explain changes in nonexpert practice. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A unit-based expert nurse can increase patient-focused care.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Weaning from long-term mechanical ventilation.

Although many investigators have attempted to identify weaning predictors and weaning modes for use in long-term mechanically ventilated patients, none has emerged as superior. Furthermore, few investigators have viewed the process of weaning as a dynamic continuum; thus, guidelines for care of these patients have yet to be developed. Facilitative methods and therapies to enhance weaning potential, although attractive, have little scientific basis for application. Care delivery systems, which focus on systematic, comprehensive and coordinated care, are promising because outcomes demonstrate that they are economical, safe, and effective. This article reviews the research on weaning adult, long-term mechanically ventilated patients, suggests future research directions, and highlights the scientific basis for practice guidelines.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Terminal weaning from mechanical ventilation: a review.

Terminal weaning is a clinical intervention for withdrawing mechanical ventilatory support when such support is an unacceptable outcome for a patient. Withdrawal of life support must be done in a humane manner for the patient, the family, and the patient's care providers. Research-based directions for clinical practice are limited because of the paucity of research in this area. Recommendations for future study are related to methods, facilitative therapy, patient, family, and caregiver responses, and care delivery models.

Family↗
PubMed1994

Weaning from mechanical ventilation: concept development.

This article, the first in a series, is written to clarify the process of weaning from mechanical ventilation and to promote the development of a common language for understanding the complex weaning process. The Third National Study Group on Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation proposes a conceptual model and definitions that will provide a framework for future research on this important topic. This conceptual framework describes the preweaning phase, the weaning process, and the outcome phase of mechanical ventilation. Potential outcomes are completion of weaning, lack of completion, and terminal weaning. The weaning decision continuum incorporates: (1) when and how to begin the weaning process, (2) how to select therapies to assist with difficult weaning and chart progress during weaning, and (3) when to stop weaning if progress is no longer being made. An inherent assumption of this model is that each patient will display unique responses to the weaning process. The proposed conceptual framework and definitions provide a foundation for developing clinical practice guidelines and for guiding future ventilator weaning research.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1994

Weaning from short-term mechanical ventilation: a review.

The purposes of this article are to: identify gaps in the research literature on weaning adult patients from short-term mechanical ventilation, highlight the scientific base for practice guidelines, and suggest future research directions. Data bases from 1989 through June 1993 were reviewed, and relevant research articles were extracted, analyzed, and synthesized within the AACN Third National Study Group framework. Seminal work and other supportive literature also were used in this review. Despite considerable research on predictors and patient responses to weaning from short-term mechanical ventilation, few of the findings can be applied to clinical practice at this time. Less research is available on weaning modes and therapies that facilitate weaning from short-term mechanical ventilation; fruitful research in these areas depends in part on a better understanding of patient responses and accurate weaning predictors.

Dyspnea↗
PubMed1993

The indirect patient care effect of a unit-based clinical nurse specialist on preventable pulmonary complications.

PURPOSE: To examine the indirect effect of a unit-based expert nurse on the incidence of preventable pulmonary complications, which were defined as malpositioned endotracheal tube and inadvertent extubation. DESIGN: A nonequivalent control group/separate samples pretest/posttest design was used to test differences in the incidence of preventable pulmonary complications before and after a 6-month intervention by a unit-based expert nurse in the experimental unit. Retrospective medical record audits were used to collect data on all consecutive admissions to the experimental and control units in March and April of years 1 and 2. RESULTS: Estimated risk ratios demonstrated a significant reduction in preventable pulmonary complications in the experimental unit after the test, even though the acuity was significantly higher in posttest patients. It was concluded that indirect patient care by a unit-based clinical nurse specialist can reduce the incidence of preventable pulmonary complications.

Adolescent↗