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Biomedical subjects

S K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S K Gupta.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Successful conservative therapy of severe limb-threatening ischemia: the value of nonsympathectomy.

Fourteen patients with severely ischemic extremities but relatively minor degrees of pedal gangrene or ulceration were managed without surgery. Contraindications to direct arterial reconstruction included significant intercurrent illness or generally poor surgical risk, the need for reoperative or difficult distal reconstruction, or the favorable characteristics of the actual lesion. Management consisted of bed rest, simple saline soaks, occasional gentle debridement, and antibiotics when indicated. Seven patients had complete resolution of their lesions for 3 to 48 months, and seven had improvement or stabilization for 3 to 18 months. Only three of the 14 patients have eventually required surgery with limb salvage in one. Revascularization remains the method of choice for managing most severely ischemic extremities. However, the conservative approach described represents an alternative to early amputation, attempts at revascularization, or lumbar sympathectomy in some patients with advanced ischemia. Studies of sympathectomy and pharmacologic agents as effective treatment for ischemic ulcers or gangrene should include control groups treated with the conservative measures outlined herein.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassays of human chorionic gonadotropin using monoclonal antibodies.

A two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) employing monoclonal antibodies directed against beta- and alpha-subunits is described. Monoclonal anti-beta-hCG antibody was used for coating microtitration plates and monoclonal anti-alpha-hCG antibody labelled with 1 of the 3 enzymes namely horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase or beta-galactosidase was used as tracer. The assay is able to detect up to 1 ng hCG/ml. No significant difference was observed with respect to sensitivity and range of assay with the 3 enzymes. The assay can be performed as a 'two-step' assay or reduced to a 'one-step' procedure with a linear relationship between absorbance and hormone concentration up to 31.25 ng hCG/ml. Beyond these concentrations an inflection of the dose curve was observed. This can, however, be avoided by increasing the concentration of antibody-enzyme conjugate. A higher sensitivity enabling detection up to 0.25 ng hCG/ml was attained in the sandwich enzyme immunoassay with the use of biotin-avidin interface. The hCG values obtained on 47 human urine samples either by the 'one-step' or 'two-step' procedure were similar with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Results obtained by 'two-step' sandwich enzyme immunoassay on 22 human urine samples correlated well (r = 0.968) with the values obtained by radioimmunoassay.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Solid-phase competitive and sandwich-type erythro-immunoassays for human chorionic gonadotropin.

A simple '1-step' competitive erythro-immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) employing V-shaped well microtitration plates coated with monoclonal anti-beta-hCG antibody has been described. hCG of the test sample competes with the antigen-coupled sheep erythrocytes for binding to the antibody on the solid surface. The assay is able to detect up to 31.25 ng hCG/ml. A higher sensitivity enabling detection up to 0.25 ng hCG/ml is attained by the sandwich erythro-immunoassay using a chimera antibody prepared by coupling monoclonal anti-alpha-hCG antibody to an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody specific for sheep erythrocytes. This assay is amenable to the qualitative as well as quantitative use as described. The urinary components do not interfere in the assay. Results obtained by this assay on 47 human urine samples correlated well with the values obtained by '2-step' sandwich enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of hydrocortisone and cyclosporin A on bacillus Calmette-Guérin epitheloid cell granulomas.

The injection of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intradermally into the ear of guinea pigs leads to the formation in the draining lymph node of granulomas containing epithelioid cells with rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and an absence of phagocytosed material. BCG granulomas in hydrocortisone- or cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated animals contain mononuclear phagocytes with no RER. In CsA-treated animals, these cells contain fragments of phagocytosed organisms. CsA was given at two doses, 25 mg/kg orally and 50 mg/kg ip. The higher dose completely suppressed the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response to purified protein derivative (PPD) but the lower dose did not affect the level of the DH response, but had a profound effect on epithelioid cell formation. The role of lymphokines in the maturation of the monocyte/macrophage to epithelioid cells is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Collateral back pressure--is it a valid predictor of infrainguinal bypass graft patency?

While it is generally thought that collateral back pressure (CBP) is a reliable predictor of graft patency, this correlation has not yet been validated. We have used a new, simple technique to measure CBP without direct puncture of the recipient artery. After the distal anastomosis is completed, the graft is filled with saline and clamped proximally. A transducer connected needle is then inserted into the distal portion of the graft for CBP measurements (mm Hg). These were obtained in 84 grafts (43 femoropopliteals [FP] and 41 femorodistals [FD]). Outflow resistance (OR) measurements (mm Hg/ml/min) were also obtained in 70 (36 FP; 34 FD) of these grafts by a previously described technique. The mean CBP for FP and FD bypasses was 41 +/- 17 and 26 +/- 19 mm Hg, respectively (P less than 0.001). Although early graft patency (3 months) (13 occluded, 71 patent) did not correlate with angiographic findings of popliteal runoff or integrity of pedal arch, it did significantly relate to CBP. Mean CBP for occluded grafts was 22 +/- 17 mm Hg and for patent grafts it was 36 +/- 19 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). Similarly, mean OR was significantly related to patency, 1.29 +/- 0.23 mm Hg/ml/min for occluded grafts and 0.36 +/- 0.23 mm Hg/ml/min for patent grafts (P less than 0.0001). Moreover, only OR was a significant predictor of infrapopliteal graft patency (P less than 0.01). OR was found to be a better predictor of graft patency than CBP by stepwise logistic regression analysis (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that CBP is a more reliable predictor of graft outcome than angiographic criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Epidemic dropsy following transcutaneous absorption of Argemone mexicana oil.

Four cases manifesting features characteristic of epidemic dropsy following body massage with contaminated mustard oil are reported. A transcutaneous route of absorption for the toxin (sanguinarine) resulting in epidemic dropsy has not been documented previously in man. Oil used for body massage was found to be adulterated with Argemone mexicana oil, while hydrogenated vegetable fat used for cooking did not reveal any contamination. Diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by establishing the presence of sanguinarine in the urine and serum of all four cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of the effects of hydrocortisone on peritoneal inflammatory exudates, the tuberculin reaction and contact sensitivity-to DNFB in the guinea pig.

Hydrocortisone acetate, injected subcutaneously in five doses in a depot producing vehicle, causes prolonged suppression of the ability of guinea pigs to produce a chronic inflammatory reaction in the peritoneal cavity and also of the tuberculin reaction. This suppression of the tuberculin reaction persists for at least 65 days after the last dose of hydrocortisone. Suppression of both peritoneal exudate and the tuberculin reaction was associated with a preferential depletion of macrophages at the reaction site. A similar regime had no effect on the ability of guinea pigs to manifest contact sensitivity reactions to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene although there was a similar drop in macrophages in the lesion. It appears that the effect of hydrocortisone on delayed hypersensitivity reactions is not directly related to the functional contribution of macrophages in the inflammatory reactions, and may be related to the site of the inflammatory reaction in the skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Skeletal overgrowth with modelling error in neurofibromatosis.

Ten cases of neurofibromatosis, nine involving the lower extremity and one, the upper extremity, were analysed for growth and modelling errors. The elongated bones showed over-tubulation or under-tubulation. Long as well as short bones were affected. Modelling errors mostly affected the metaphysis but, in a few cases, especially where there was isolated involvement of the fibula, the diaphysis was also affected. In two patients the whole length of paired bones of the leg showed evidence of over-tubulation. The rule of polarity which influences growth and modelling was not applicable to these cases of neurofibromatosis. Soft-tissue masses of neurofibromatosis often determined the segment of the bone involved but, in cases without such an external influence, inherent mesodermal dysplasia was thought to be the causative factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pregnancy interfering action of LHRH and anti-LHRH.

Until recently LHRH was believed to be a product of the hypothalamic origin whose primary function was to regulate the secretion of gonadotropin from the pituitary. In the last few years, a large body of experimental evidence has emerged for the existence of the releasing hormone at extrahypothalamic sites. The placenta is one such organ in which the hormone is made and probably has a role in stimulation of the secretion of chorionic gonadotropin as suggested by both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Superagonists of LHRH as well as monoclonal antibodies raised against the decapeptide administered during early pregnancy bring about a sharp decrease in blood chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone levels followed by termination of pregnancy in baboons. The mechanism of the abortifacient action appears to be curtailment of chorionic gonadotropin secretion by the placenta. Whether the immunointerception through LHRH antibodies will hold true for human beings also has to be investigated.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

Perioperative noninvasive hemodynamic ankle indices as predictors of infrainguinal graft patency.

Of 129 femoropopliteal bypasses, 40 closed in 0 to 42 months. Early and late closures were not predicted by pre- or postoperative ankle/brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle pulse volume recording amplitude (APVR) or their increments (delta). Of 141 femorotibial bypasses, 60 closed in 0 to 12 months, with 46 closing early (less than 1 month). Early failure occurred in 19 of 52 limbs (37%) with pre-ABPI less than 0.2 and 17 of 89 limbs (19%) with pre-ABPI greater than 0.2 (p less than 0.025). Similar significant differences in early patency occurred between limbs with pre-APVR less than 5 and greater than 5 mm (29 of 94 [34%] vs. 7 of 47 [15%], respectively). Late closure was not predicted by either value. Thus in the 44 limbs with pre-ABPI greater than 0.2 and pre-APVR greater than 5 mm, only 11 grafts closed (25%), whereas if pre-ABPI was less than 0.2 or pre-APVR less than 5 mm, 49 of 97 grafts (51%) occluded within 17 months (p less than 0.025). Postoperative or delta indices had no predictive value. Preoperative ABPI less than 0.2 or APVR less than 5 mm was associated with twice the risk of early femorotibial graft closure; however, cumulative life-table patency was still 39% at 24 months.

Ankle↗