Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus (MRDM) in preschool children.
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Child Nutrition Disorders↗
Biomedical subjects
S K Gupta
Publications and source records attributed to S K Gupta.
Mapping of epitopes on porcine zona pellucida-3 alpha by monoclonal antibodies inhibiting oocyte-sperm interaction.
Zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 alpha (ZP3 alpha) has been designated as the primary sperm receptor ligand in porcine gamete interaction. In this study, epitopes were mapped on porcine ZP3 alpha (pZP3 alpha) by using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) possessing in vitro contraceptive efficacy. Using Western blots, we tested recombinant pZP3 alpha fragments expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and corresponding to pZP3 alpha precursor protein amino acid residues 18-142 (F1), 140-243 (F2), 239-363 (F3), and 359-462 (F4), for reactivities with mAbs. MAb-403 reacted with F3, and mAbs-412 and -421 with F2. MAb-420 showed weak reactivity with F1. Synthesis of overlapping 12-mer peptides further resolved the epitope for mAb-420 to amino acid residues 133-144, mAb-421 to 157-168, mAb-412 to 205-216, and mAb-403 to 301-312. MAbs-412 and -420 inhibited the binding of boar sperm to zona-encased porcine oocytes. These results, the first to define peptide epitopes of pZP3 alpha, should assist in the design of a synthetic peptide-based immunocontraceptive vaccine.
Animals↗
Community-based investigation of an outbreak of acute viral conjunctivitis in urban slums.
Nine hundred and sixteen people from 143 randomly selected households were included in this community-based investigation of an outbreak of acute viral conjunctivitis in urban slum communities of Delhi in 1994. During the 2-weeks recall period, 456 (49.8%) had conjunctivitis and 229 (25%) were symptomatic at the time of this investigation. Overall, females had a higher attack rate than males (P < 0.05). The attack rate increased with age (P < 0.001). A total of 61.6% of the conjunctival swabs were antigen positive as evidenced by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Viruses could be isolated from 30.3% of the samples processed. Out of these, 70% were identified as Coxsackie A 24 and 30% as EV 70.
Acute Disease↗
Wildervanck syndrome.
We report a case of the Wildervanck (cervico-oculo-acoustic) syndrome exhibiting Klippel-Feil anomaly, congenital sensorineural deafness and bilateral sixth nerve palsy. Associated anomalies included short stature, microcephaly, mental retardation, and cleft palate.
Abducens Nerve↗
Diagnosis of renal artery branch stenosis using captopril intervention scintirenography.
A case of renovascular hypertension in a young male is presented. The patient had a small size right kidney with reduced differential function on the baseline [99mTc]-DTPA renal study. Captopril intervention scintigraphy demonstrated a dramatic reduction in renal perfusion and cortical uptake in the upper and mid-poles of the affected kidney. Time-activity curves of the [99mTc]-DTPA studies using segmental regions of interest corroborated visual findings. The presence of renal artery branch stenosis was confirmed on renal angiography.
Adolescent↗
Cranial cystic epidermoid: report of two cases and review of the literature.
Intercranial epidermoid tumours are benign lesions of congenital origin that are potentially curable. Although computerized axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are usually diagnostic, a few atypical features sometimes make pre-operative diagnosis difficult. Two cases of cystic epidermoids with peripheral ring enhancement are reported. Relevant literature has been reviewed.
Adult↗
Reversal of fluorosis in children.
Large populations consume fluoride-contaminated water, especially in developing countries. The toxic effects of fluorosis take three forms: clinical, skeletal and dental. Research thus far indicates that the manifestations of fluorosis are irreversible. However, it has been observed that the ingestion of calcium, vitamin C or vitamin D, individually, is effective in protection from fluoride toxicity to a certain extent. Therefore, a double blind control trial was conducted to examine the effect of a combination of calcium, vitamin D3 and ascorbic acid supplementation in fluorosis-affected children. In the present study, 25 children were selected from an area consuming water containing 4.5 p.p.m. of fluoride, All the children were in the age group 6-12 years and weighed 18-30 kg. They were graded for clinical, radiological and dental fluorosis and relevant biochemical parameters. Grade I skeletal fluorosis and all grades of the manifestation of dental and clinical fluorosis were observed. The children were given ascorbic acid, calcium and vitamin D3 well below the toxic dosages in a double blind manner using lactose as a placebo. Follow up revealed a significant improvement in dental, clinical and skeletal fluorosis and relevant biochemical parameters in these children. Thus, the study indicated that fluorosis can be reversed, at least in children, by a therapeutic regimen that is fairly cheap, simple and easily available and without any side effects.
Ascorbic Acid↗
Evaluation of topical 0.03% flurbiprofen drops in the treatment of herpetic stromal keratitis.
PURPOSE: The management protocol for herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is still controversial. We have attempted to compare the relative efficacy of topical dexamethasone 0.01% and flurbiprofen 0.03% in combination with topical acyclovir 3% in HSK. METHODS: In this institutional, prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study, 45 clinically diagnosed cases of HSK were randomly distributed into three coded treatment groups--topical placebo, dexamethasone 0.01%, and flurbiprofen 0.03% each in tapering frequency and in combination with acyclovir 3% ointment five times per day for four weeks. Therapeutic response was assessed every third day for four weeks. Decoding of the treatment groups was done at the conclusion of the study and data analysed. RESULTS: Four-week success rate was 93.3% (14 of 15) in the dexamethasone-acyclovir treatment group, 66.7% (10 of 15) in the flurbiprofen-acyclovir treatment group and 20% (3 of 15) in the placebo-acyclovir treatment group. CONCLUSION: While dexamethasone in combination with acyclovir gives the best results in HSK with minimal side-effects, the role of topical flurbiprofen seems promising.
Acyclovir↗
Assessment of cataract surgery in rural India. Visual acuity outcome.
A socio-epidemiological assessment of what happens to the visual outcome after camp-based intracapsular cataract extraction was conducted in 6 villages and periurban areas in North India. 120 patients (143 eyes) were included in the study. The mean age at cataract extraction was 64.39 (range 33-83 years). 44.7% of the operated eyes obtained a good vision ( > or = 6/18) while 39.9% had low vision (6/24-3/60). The duration since the cataract extraction was seen to influence visual outcome. 70% of the respondents were satisfied with the surgical outcome. 76% of those with unilateral aphakia and 8.3% of those with bilateral aphakia were regularly using spectacles. 58.3% were satisfied with the spectacles. Dissatisfaction was generally due to lack of visual improvement. The major benefits accruing to the patients were improved personal activity, increased mobility and recognition of family members. It is our opinion that camp-based intracapsular cataract extraction with aphakic correction is still an important alternative in rural India.
Activities of Daily Living↗
GENOLYTE: a PC-based computer program for visualisation of genomic DNA sequences.
This paper describes the program "GENOLYTE" which has been developed for the visualisation and identification of the global and local patterns of long genomic DNA sequences quickly in a few minutes, with the aid of a microcomputer. Apart from global and local identification, GENOLYTE comparatively depicts the similarity of two or more than two genomic DNA sequences. The utility of the program has been demonstrated by analysing the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (taken from EMBL databank) as an example and the results are discussed from therein. The program written in TURBO C++ has the following minimum requirements: (i) PC 386 AT, (ii) SVGA colour monitor, (iii) the [BGI] directory of TURBO C++ version 3.0.
Animals↗
Reversion and antihistamines.
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Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗
Definition of 'controlled' asthma.
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Activities of Daily Living↗
Lord's procedure: a curative outpatient operation for primary hydrocele.
Surgical procedures for hydrocele carry a significant morbidity rate from haematoma formation. Lord's procedures (n = 26) were performed for primary hydrocele as outpatient operation. Peroperative drain was put in one case (3.85%). Postoperative complications were negligible except scrotal oedema in 3 cases (11.53%), which required no specific treatment. No recurrence was noted till one year of follow-up. It is concluded that Lord's procedure is simple, effective, safe and economical technique.
Adolescent↗
Strategies for designing an immunocontraceptive vaccine based on zona pellucida synthetic peptides and recombinant antigen.
Immunization of female bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) with pig zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3 using adjuvants permissible for human use leads to infertility. Fifty per cent of the animals conceived after antibody titres declined. Animals that failed to regain their fertility did not show any obvious ovarian changes. As part of the attempt to design an effective immunocontraceptive vaccine based on synthetic peptides, the epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against pig ZP3 alpha and ZP3 beta and possessing contraceptive efficacy in vitro were mapped. These studies identified an N-blocked decapeptide from the N-terminus corresponding to 23-32 amino acids of the precursor protein of pig ZP3 beta. As an alternative approach to using synthetic peptides, DNA encoding bonnet monkey ZP3 was cloned and sequenced. The deduced primary amino acid sequence revealed an overall similarity of 93.9% with human ZP3. Bonnet monkey ZP3 corresponding to an internal 975 nucleotide fragment excluding the N-terminus signal sequence and the C-terminus transmembrane domain has been expressed in Escherichia coli. These results will assist in the design of an immunocontraceptive vaccine based on either synthetic peptides or recombinant glycoproteins or proteins corresponding to ZP.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Comparative merits of different tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: Indian perspective.
In sarcoidosis, diagnosis rests on positive tissue biopsy in association with suggestive clinical features. In absence of guidelines in India, multiple biopsies (494 in total) were undertaken from 170 suspected and later proven cases of sarcoidosis. Involved tissues, Kveim test site, right scalene node, palpable peripheral lymph nodes and open pulmonary biopsy gave 80-100% positive result. (Perbronchial lung biopsy proved positive in India by other workers.) Mantoux test site, a rather unusual tissue, even if negative at 72 hours, may show positive granuloma in 64.5% cases with active sarcoidosis. Positive liver biopsy has only corroborative importance.
Biopsy↗
A potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the chemokine platelet factor 4.
Platelet factor 4 (PF-4) is an archetype of the "chemokine" family of low molecular weight proteins that play an important role in injury responses and inflammation. From activated human leukocyte culture supernatants, we have isolated a form of PF-4 that acts as a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation. The PF-4 derivative is generated by peptide bond cleavage between Thr-16 and Ser-17, a site located downstream from the highly conserved and structurally important CXC motif. The unique cleavage leads to a loss of one of the structurally important large loops in the PF-4 molecule and generation of an N terminus with basic residues that have the potential to interact with the acidic extracellular domain of the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor. The N-terminal processed PF-4 exhibited a 30- to 50-fold greater growth inhibitory activity on endothelial cells than PF-4. Since endothelial cell growth inhibition is the only known cellular activity of the cleaved PF-4, we have designated this chemokine endothelial cell growth inhibitor. The N-terminal processing of PF-4 may represent an important mechanism for modulating PF-4 activity on endothelial cells during tissue injury, inflammation, and neoplasia.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Where do persons with blindness caused by cataracts in rural areas of India seek treatment and why?
The utilization of eye care facilities by patients with a cataract was evaluated among 240 patients selected from eye care camps that were conducted by our center. Of the patients, 52.9% had visited previous eye care camps, while 19.2% consulted private ophthalmologists. Easy accessibility, reputation of a facility, competence of its staff, free service, and nearby facilities were the major reasons that were cited by patients for utilization of service facilities. Distance, monetary constraints, and a lack of professional trust, escorts, and the perception about the seriousness of their ocular condition were the main reasons that patients were not motivated to use such service facilities. Statistically significant differences were observed when past utilization of eye care camps was related to age, marital status, and source of income.
Adult↗