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Biomedical subjects

S K Carter

Publications and source records attributed to S K Carter.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Some thoughts on experimental screening.

Experimental screening of anticancer drugs is discussed from the standpoint of the need for close co-operation between experimentalists and clinicans in developing therapies for human trials. Particular emphasis is given to screening analogues of known active drugs including the approaches in chemical synthesis and tests of experimental tumor activity, as well as the questions that determine clinical interest and capabilities for human trials. In the area of combinations of two or more drugs, the need for experimental systems providing data for rational design of clinical regimens is highlighted. Means for experimental evaluation of the major variables of dose ratio, dose schedule and sequence of drug administration are considered. Finally, the overall problems of drug screening are discussed within the context of combining drugs with other treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. The complexities of designing better cancer treatment will require close interaction between experimental and clinical studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative prediction of drug toxicity in humans from toxicology in small and large animals.

The mouse, dog, and monkey toxicity data on 30 drugs was retrospectively analyzed in comparison with the actual clinical dose schedules used in man. Animal dose schedules were converted to the human schedule and comparisons were made of the human dose versus the large animal toxic dose low, toxic dose high, and lethal dose, the lethal doses for 10% and 90% of normal mice, and the optimal dose in tumor-bearing mice. If the starting dose in Phase 1 clinical trials had been selected by calculating one-third of the toxic dose low (in mg/sq m) in the most sensitive large animal species, 5 of the 30 drugs would have produced significant toxicity in the first patient. The lethal doses for 10 and 90% of normal mice and the optimal dose in L1210-bearing mice were found to offer good quantitative prediction of human toxicity. Determination of a safe and practical starting dose for Phase 1 studies should take into account not only dog and monkey data but also toxicology data in normal and tumor-bearing mice.

Animals↗