Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S K Campbell.
A highly sensitive biological assay for tissue kallikrein is described, using human kininogen as substrate; and quantitation, by radioimmunoassay, of generated kinins. Using purified human urinary kallikrein as a reference standard we have correlated the kininogenase activity of kallikrein with amidase activity as measured by cleavage of the synthetic substrate S2266.
A survey of 200 physicians explored the relationship between their beliefs in the efficacy of physical therapy (PT) and their use of PT for their patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Results show that utilization of PT is related to physicians' use of PT in general and is inversely related to the percentage of CP in physicians' patient loads, but is not related to their opinions of the value of PT services.
1. The urinary excretion of active and inactive kallikrein was studied in volunteers during diuresis induced by water loading or oral frusemide and during antidiuresis induced by desamino-D-arginine-vasopressin. 2. During acute oral water loading, excretion of active kallikrein was unchanged, despite high urine flow rates and low urine osmolalities being achieved. Excretion of inactive kallikrein correlated with the urine flow rate. 3. After desamino-D-arginine-vasopressin in eight water-loaded and six normally hydrated subjects, excretion of inactive kallikrein also correlated with the urine flow rate. There were no significant changes in the excretion of active kallikrein. 4. After frusemide there was a small transient increase in excretion of active kallikrein 1-2 h after dosing which coincided with the maximum diuresis and natriuresis. Excretion of inactive kallikrein again correlated with urine flow rate but the regression relationship between the two variables was different for water-load-induced and frusemide-induced diuresis. 5. These studies do not support a role for urinary kallikrein in the modulation of the antidiuretic action of vasopressin, but suggest that it may contribute to the natriuretic action of frusemide.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether Bayley Motor Scale scores were stable in infants during the first year of life, that is, whether each individual infant's score was essentially the same at each of the five test ages. Subjects were 15 low-risk and 8 high-risk infants with Bayley Scales of Infant Development Motor Scale scores at 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 months. All high-risk and most low-risk infants also had outcome scores at either 24 or 36 months. For the group as a whole, and for all infants with "normal" outcomes, subjects did not change ranks over the six test ages (ie, high-scoring infants' ranks remained high and low-scoring infants' ranks remained low), but scores varied significantly from test to test. Scores of infants with "non-normal" outcomes did not vary significantly from test to test. The highest and lowest scores of 75% of the infants with normal outcomes and 57% of the infants with non-normal outcomes differed significantly. Four patterns of variations of Bayley Motor Scale scores over the five test ages of the first year after birth were identified. The first pattern included three infants with the most stable scores. The three remaining patterns were different from each other, but a consistent feature of each was a peak at 4 months. Finally, scores at 3 and 8 months were best able to correctly identify outcome. A single Bayley Motor Scale score may not reflect an infant's true abilities; some factor may be inflating scores at age 4 months.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In this study, verbal memory and naming abilities were investigated in reading disabled (RD) and control children who were characterized according to the presence or absence of attention deficit disorder (ADD). Results indicate that deficits in learning and memory for recently acquired information occur as a function of ADD rather than RD while deficits in naming are specific to RD rather than ADD. We conclude that ADD is a major source of additional and separate cognitive morbidity in RD children.
Reliable and valid measurements are essential in research and clinical practice in physical therapy. Despite our slowness in recognizing the importance of more scientific measurement, our profession has witnessed a recent surge of interest in studying and developing reliable and valid measurement techniques. The ultimate results of developing more sophisticated measurement instruments and further refining our measurement techniques will be more scientific practitioners and a greater body of scientific knowledge unique to physical therapy.
Intravenous administration of the loop diuretic frusemide caused a rapid but short-lived increase in the urinary excretion of kallikrein-like activity in healthy volunteers. Indomethacin alone did not alter urinary electrolyte or kallikrein excretion, but when given concurrently with frusemide it blunted the natriuresis without altering the urinary kallikrein excretion. A single oral dose of amiloride, a distal tubular diuretic, caused a natriuresis but no significant change in urinary kallikrein excretion. The results do not support a direct role for the renal kallikrein-kinin system in mediating the natriuresis induced by diuretics.
The purposes of this study were to determine if a group of infants at high risk for later developmental abnormality could be selected on the basis of large numbers of serious neonatal problems, ascertain how early developmental outcome could be predicted, and document the development of the infants longitudinally during the first year of life. Fifteen infants were selected on the basis of high scores on a neonatal risk assessment scale. They were examined with a variety of developmental tests at regular intervals during their first year, at age 2 years, and at age 3 years. The results suggest that the selection process successfully identified a group of infants with developmental problems and that motor performance at 3 months was predictive of neurologic outcome at 3 years. Different patterns of neuromotor development in the first year were identified among those infants with severe cerebral palsy, those with milder neurologic problems, and those with apparently normal outcome.
A systematic method for developing and evaluating psychomotor objectives for students in clinical and laboratory education was presented. In preparing objectives for motor learning, the instructor must perform a task analysis of each skill to be taught. The analysis involves 1) identifying components of the movement, 2) salient features of facilitating stimuli, such as placement of grips, intensity and speed of stimulation, and 3) timing of commands or resistance. The senses, such as vision or kinesthesia, through which the student is to perceive the selected features must be chosen. After determining the level of skill to be attained, teaching methods are easily fit to the objectives. A simple checklist aids evaluation of student competency and provides immediate feedback on performance level.
Based on a review of the literature, a theoretical basis for planning learning programs for infants is presented. The prerequisites for effective programming include attention to the characteristics of the learning environment, the infant or learner, and the stimulus-response mechanism. The goals of such a program include provision of sensorimotor experience and promotion of infant attachment to a mother or mother-surrogate as a basis for establishing a sense of security and competency in the infant. The parent must be taught to recognize the infant's best periods of alertness, develop sensitivity to the infant's signals, and utilize appropriate stimulation routines in interactive patterns in order to create an environment most conducive to cognitive development. Specific program content may be varied within the theoretical framework to fit the needs of special children and their families.
The management of pediatric cardiac surgery patients at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital is described. The physical therapy program includes education and treatment which is intended to 1) reduce surgical risk by decreasing preoperative pulmonary congestion, 2) reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and length of hospitalization, and 3) improve patient and family understanding and cooperation. The program includes a self-instructional package presented by a children's puppet. The package prepares the patient for the events ahead, including the physical therapy program and prospectively frightening aspects of intensive care.
A case study is presented which documents the neuromuscular development of a premature infant (34-35 weeks gestation) during the first eight weeks of postnatal life. The development of postural tone, spontaneous activity, and responsiveness to stimulation is described and compared with that of the full-term infant. This information is of value to physical therapists involved in evaluation and therapeutic intervention programs for high risk infants.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.