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Biomedical subjects

S Joshi

Publications and source records attributed to S Joshi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Serum progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PEP) levels in conception versus nonconception cycles following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

The human endometrium synthesizes a specific protein known as the progestagen-dependent endometrium protein (PEP) which rises from early to late luteal phase. The PEP levels follow the pattern of the endometrial biopsy more than the serum progesterone (P) levels (4). Late luteal-phase serum PEP levels were evaluated as well as serum P in mid-luteal phase in patients undergoing IVF-ET. Comparisons were made between conceivers and nonconceivers and between aborters and nonaborters. Both serum PEP and late luteal P levels were significantly higher in pregnant patients but no differences in mid luteal P levels were seen. No difference was seen in aborters vs nonaborters. It is still inconclusive whether the higher late luteal PEP levels contribute to the greater likelihood of pregnancy or are a result of the pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

Long-term outcome of reversal of small intestinal bypass operations.

Between 1976 and 1987, 43 patients underwent reversal of jejunoileal bypass operations because of metabolic complications of the operation. Electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, and diarrhea (16 patients); cirrhosis (9); nephrolithiasis (9); arthritis (7); and pathologic fractures (1) were the primary indications for reconstruction. Many patients had multiple complications of the jejunoileal bypass operation. Twenty-nine patients underwent gastroplasty at the time of reversal and 14 did not. Seventy three +/- 5 months after reversal, patients with a gastroplasty weighed significantly less than patients without a gastroplasty. Patients with electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, and diarrhea were all improved after reconstruction. Two patients with cirrhosis died of liver failure after reconstruction; the distinguishing preoperative characteristic was ascites. Postoperative interval liver biopsies indicated improvement in histologic appearance in four patients and no change in three. Nephrolithiasis improved or disappeared in all patients after reconstruction, whereas arthritis improved in 5 of 7 patients. Gastroplasty produced no benefit in alleviation of metabolic complications of jejunoileal bypass operations. Although the survival rate in these patients at last follow-up was 95 percent, 28 percent were incapacitated. Simultaneous gastroplasty performed at the time of reversal significantly decreases body weight when compared with patients undergoing reversal without a gastroplasty.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1990

Dissociative experiences in the general population.

The Dissociative Experiences Scale was administered to a random sample of 1,055 adults in the city of Winnipeg. Results showed that scale scores did not differ between men and women and were not influenced by income, employment status, education, place of birth, religious affiliation, or number of persons in the respondent's household. Dissociative experiences are common in the general population and decline with age. The findings suggest that dissociative disorders may also be common in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Interorgan glutamine flow regulation in metabolic acidosis.

The flow of glutamine to the kidneys is essential for generating base in response to acid loading yet neither the magnitude nor direction of this flow are normally supportive of renal ammoniagenesis. However, chronic metabolic acidosis sets in motion regulatory systems enhancing flow magnitude as well as redirecting glutamine from the splanchnic bed and ureagenesis to the kidneys for ammoniagenesis and bicarbonate generation. These mechanisms include organ-specific inductions of glutamine synthesizing and hydrolyzing enzymes at the source, muscle, and the destination, kidneys, respectively; organ-specific shifts in fluxes through competing metabolic pathways favoring glutamine formation at the expense of the ureagenic precursor alanine and unique interorgan regulation whereby upstream sites modulate subsequent downstream sites by setting the glutamine loads and the release of glutamine metabolites acting as metabolic signals. These extrarenal regulatory mechanisms act in concert making glutamine available at the expense of ureagenesis. The kidneys draw upon plasma glutamine, despite a 40% reduction in the arterial concentration, generating base in the form of renal venous bicarbonate and excreting nitrogen and protons as ammonium. Underlying this enormous renal extraction is a shift in the uptake mode from a load- to a transport-limited process closely associated with the filtered bicarbonate load. Finally the interorgan glutamine flow set in motion during acidosis can be acutely reversed, revealing a hierarchal interaction of system subserving acid base and nitrogen balance. Thus, the extraordinary responses exhibited in chronic metabolic acidosis provide a superb model for discerning regulatory systems in other physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1990

Targeted DNA sequencing: rapid identification of DNA clones by sequencing DNA using mixed oligodeoxynucleotide probes as primers.

A rapid identification method involving targeted DNA sequencing of genomic or cDNA clones using mixed (degenerate) probes as primers is described. The strategy involves the use of the same mixed probes for sequencing the clone of interest as they are used for screening the DNA libraries. Probes containing up to 512 mixes do not interfere in priming and yield completely faithful replication of the template DNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

ATP synthase complex from bovine heart mitochondria. Passive H+ conduction through mitochondrial coupling factor 6-depleted F0 complexes.

Submitochondrial particles prepared by treatment of mitochondria with ammonia and silicotungstic acid were found to be deficient in coupling factor 6 according to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting and had reduced ATP-Pi exchange activity. Requirement of coupling factor 6 for passive proton conductance through mitochondrial F0 was investigated by assaying the ability of depleted particles to sustain NADH-induced proton fluxes as measured by the quenching of 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine fluorescence. The depleted particles themselves showed negligible quenching, but the quenching increased markedly after treating the particles with oligomycin. The data show for the first time that coupling factor 6-depleted complexes have an active proton channel that can be blocked by oligomycin. Therefore, coupling factor 6 is not essential for inhibitor-sensitive proton conductance through mitochondrial F0.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In vitro synthesis, phosphorylation, and localization on 48 S initiation complexes of human protein synthesis initiation factor 4E.

Complementary DNA for human eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) was transcribed in vitro and the transcripts used to direct protein synthesis in a cell-free reticulocyte translation system. The predominant translation product was 25 kDa, was bound to a m7GTP-Sepharose affinity column, and was specifically eluted with m7GTP. Both phosphorylated (P) and unphosphorylated (U) forms of eIF-4E were synthesized, and the P/U ratio increased as a function of incubation time in the reticulocyte lysate system. Both forms were quantitatively retained on m7GTP-Sepharose. When translation reactions were resolved on sucrose density gradients, the 35S-labeled eIF-4E sedimented predominantly at 3-4 S. However, in the presence of edeine or guanylyl imidodiphosphate, both of which cause accumulation of 48 S initiation complexes, eIF-4E was detected in the 48 S region. In the presence of sparsomycin, used to accumulate 80 S initiation complexes, no eIF-4E was observed in the 80 S region. No change in the eIF-4E distribution was caused by m7GTP. These results are consistent with a model whereby eIF-4E is transferred to the 43 S initiation complex together with mRNA and is released from the initiation complex when the 60 S ribosomal subunit joins.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiology of head and neck cancers.

Head and neck cancers are common in India and account for about 30% of cancers in males and about 13% in females. In males, oral cavity and pharynx are the commonly affected site, followed by larynx. In females, oral cavity is the preponderant site. Reliable data on incidence rates from several cancer registries in India is compared with selected data from the United States and France. A wide variety of tobacco habits prevalent in the country are primarily responsible for the occurrence of these cancers. Among them, bidi smoking, tobacco chewing, and cigarette smoking, in that order, account for a large majority of these cancers. In addition, alcohol and some aspects of the Indian diet have been suspected to contribute to this number of head and neck cancers. The government of India has accorded a high priority to prevention of tobacco-related cancers by the turn of the century in its National Cancer Control Programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Growth hormone effects on hepatic glutamate handling in vivo.

Growth hormone administration affects growth in hypophysectomized animals by depressing urea synthesis and redistributing nitrogen into protein. Because the liver is the site of ureagenesis and glutamine is the major interorgan nitrogen vehicle, we studied hepatic glutamine uptake in relation to urea release in hypophysectomized and growth hormone-supplemented, 100 micrograms/100 g body wt hypophysectomized rats. In vivo hepatic balances for glutamine, glutamate, alanine, and urea were performed on anesthetized animals by simultaneous measurement of flow through the liver and the respective arteriovenous and portovenous concentration differences. On the whole animal level, growth hormone-administered hypophysectomized rats exhibited restored growth and decreased urea excretion associated with a reduction in arterial urea and elevation in arterial glutamate, but glutamine and alanine concentrations were unchanged. On the organ level, growth hormone treatment reduced hepatic urea release from 3,145 +/- 432 to 1,954 +/- 320 nmol.min-1.100 g-1. However, neither glutamine uptake, 342 +/- 110 and 494 +/- 135 nmol.min-1.100 g-1 nor alanine uptake, 522 +/- 120 vs. 363 +/- 109 nmol.min-1.100 g-1 were altered by growth hormone treatment. In marked contrast, net glutamate uptake by the hypophysectomized rat liver, 71 +/- 15 nmol.min-1.100 g-1, was reversed by growth hormone administration to a striking net release rate of 960 +/- 229 nmol.min-1.100 g-1, suggesting that glutamine nitrogen is spared incorporation into urea by shunting into glutamate and release into the blood.

Alanine↗
PubMed1989

Cystosarcoma phyllodes.

Ten cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes are reported along with review of literature. The pathological features are outlined and principles of management are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Initial results of a program in liver transplantation.

St. Louis University established a liver transplant program in early 1988. The authors report on the program's first 10 months in operation, emphasizing the careful planning and cooperation the medical center must undertake to ensure the program's success.

Female↗
PubMed1988

A centrifugation method for separation of plant viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs.

Using alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) as a model, a simple method for separating plant viral genomic RNAs from their subgenomic counterparts was established. The method relies on sucrose gradient fractionation under carefully selected conditions of centrifugation and fraction collection. The RNA components are recovered in nearly quantitative yield and have full biological activity as measured by infectivity of the reconstituted RNAs in suitable protoplasts and plant hosts. The individual RNAs, on the other hand, show no such infectivity, indicating that the separation is indeed complete.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1988

Multiple genes provide the basis for antifreeze protein diversity and dosage in the ocean pout, Macrozoarces americanus.

The ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) produces a set of antifreeze proteins that depresses the freezing point of its blood by binding to, and inhibiting the growth of, ice crystals. The amino acid sequences of all the major components of the ocean pout antifreeze proteins, including the immunologically distinct QAE component, have been derived by Edman degradation. In addition, sequences of several minor components were deduced from DNA sequencing of cDNA and genomic clones. Fifty percent of the amino acids are perfectly conserved in all these proteins as well as in two homologous sequences from the distantly related wolffish. Several of the conserved residues are threonines and asparagines, amino acids that have been implicated in ice binding in the structurally unrelated antifreeze protein of the righteye flounders. Aside from minor differences in post-translational modifications, heterogeneity in antifreeze protein components stems from amino acid differences encoded by multiple genes. Based on genomic Southern blots and library cloning statistics there are 150 copies of the 0.7-kilobase-long antifreeze protein gene in the Newfoundland ocean pout, the majority of which are closely linked but irregularly spaced. A more southerly population of ocean pout from New Brunswick in which the circulating antifreeze protein levels are considerably lower has approximately one-quater as many antifreeze protein genes. Thus, there appears to be a correlation between gene dosage and antifreeze protein levels, and hence the ability to survive in ice-laden seawater. Southern blot comparison of the two populations indicates that the differences in gene dosage were not generated by a simple set of deletions/duplications. They are more likely to be the result of differential amplification.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Amino acid compositions of different protein fractions in developing grains of NP 113 barley and its high lysine Notch-2 mutant.

The percent distributions of protein fractions namely albumin + globulin, prolamine and glutelin were studied in developing grains of NP 113 barley and its high lysine mutant Notch-2. During development the percentage of albumin + globulin fraction decreased in NP 113, while those of prolamine and glutelin remained unchanged. The increase in prolamine was substantial from 24 to 31DAA. In Notch-2 the trend followed by albumin + globulin and prolamine was like that in NP 113, while the glutelin fraction showed an increase as compared to 10 DAA. The percent of albumin + globulin was slightly higher in Notch-2 as compared to NP 113. The absolute amount (mg/grain) of all the protein fractions increased during development in both NP 113 and its mutant Notch-2. During the grain development the prolamine content was substantially lower in the mutant than in the parent NP 113. The albumin + globulin content per endosperm was in general also higher in NP 113 than Notch-2. Amino acid analysis of the protein fractions did not reveal significant changes in lysine between NP 113 and Notch-2. Thus, the improvement in lysine in the mutant is primarily due to reduced synthesis of the prolamine fraction and not due to an increase in lysine in the mutant hordein fraction. Part of the improvement in lysine may also be due to increase in the percentage of albumin + globulin fractions which is lysine rich.

Amino Acids↗