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Biomedical subjects

S Jones

Publications and source records attributed to S Jones.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Association of alkaline phosphatase with an autoantigen recognised by circulating anti-neutrophil antibodies in systemic vasculitis.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay has been developed to detect circulating autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens in systemic vasculitis. After fractionation of these antigens by size, with gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography, sera from patients with clinically different forms of systemic vasculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and microscopic polyarteritis (MP), showed contrasting specificities of binding. WG sera bound to 100, 6.2, and 1.8 kD components, whereas MP sera bound only to the 100 kD component, allowing immunological distinction between the syndromes. The 100 kD component recognised by both WG and MP sera also showed alkaline phosphatase activity. Further evidence for this association was obtained by direct binding experiments between systemic vasculitis sera and calf-intestinal or human neutrophil alkaline phosphatase and by the cross-reactivity of W8, a monoclonal antibody raised to a neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantigen, with various preparations of the enzyme.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Alpha 2-adrenoceptors in amygdala control renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal function in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The contributions of alpha 2- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the central amygdaloid nucleus to the increased renal sympathetic nerve activity and decreased urinary sodium excretion resulting from environmental stress (air jet) in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were examined. Air stress increased mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (47% from 9.3 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min), and decreased urinary sodium excretion (38% from 2.4 +/- 0.3 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.). After bilateral administration of guanabenz (2 X 2.5 micrograms) (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) into the central amygdaloid nucleus of the same SHR, air stress had no effect on renal sympathetic nerve activity (+7% from 7.5 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min) or urinary sodium excretion (+5% from 3.5 +/- 0.4 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.), but still increased mean arterial pressure. These effects of guanabenz were prevented by the prior bilateral administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, rauwolscine (2 X 15 micrograms), into the central amygdaloid nucleus; rauwolscine alone had no effect on the renal responses to air stress in SHR. Guanabenz in the lateral cerebral ventricle (2 micrograms), the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) or a site dorsal to the central amygdaloid nucleus in the area of globus pallidus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) had no effect on the renal sympathetic nerve activity or urinary sodium excretion responses to air stress. Similarly, ICI 118,551 (2 X 1 microgram; beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) in the central amygdaloid nucleus had no effect on the renal responses to air stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amygdala↗
PubMed1987

Long-term transvenous pacing in children weighing ten kilograms or less.

Long-term transvenous endocardial pacing was performed in 5 children each of whom weighed 10 kg or less at the time of implantation. At implantation, using the direct subclavian puncture method, no technical problems were encountered. During follow-up, complications occurred in two patients. In one child recurrent threshold rises were overcome using a steroid-eluting lead. Erosion of the unit in another child required revision of the system with a satisfactory long-term result. Thus, permanent transvenous pacing in small children is feasible and safe and may be preferable to open-chest surgery.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1987

Day-case ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants.

Over a 3-year period patent ductus arterious (PDA) ligation was performed on a day-case transfer basis on 45 premature infants. The overall survival rate was 93%. We would recommend this practice as an alternative to surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1987

Distraction in neurotic and endogenous depression: an investigation of negative thinking in major depressive disorder.

The effects on depressive thinking and depressed mood of a brief, standardized distraction procedure were examined. In low endogenous patients (scoring 3 or less on the Newcastle Diagnosis Scale (NDS)), distraction significantly reduced the frequency of depressing thoughts. Consistent with Beck's cognitive model of depression, these patients were significantly less depressed after distraction than after a control procedure. In high endogenous patients (scoring 4 or more on the NDS), distraction produced less marked reductions in frequency of depressing thoughts, and no significant change in depressed mood. It is suggested that the relationship between negative thinking and depressed mood differs in the two patient groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

2-Phenylethylamine catabolism by Escherichia coli K12.

Escherichia coli K12 grows on 2-phenylethylamine as sole carbon and energy source by converting it, via phenylacetaldehyde, to phenylacetic acid. Phenylacetaldehyde was formed by the action of an inducible amine oxidase and catalase activity was increased sixfold, presumably to ensure removal of the H2O2 that was expected to be a product of the amine oxidation. The phenylacetaldehyde was oxidized to phenylacetic acid by an inducible NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase. Mutants defective in phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase cannot grow on 2-phenylethylamine as carbon and energy source but can still use it as a nitrogen source.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1987

Hypercholinesterasaemia and suxamethonium resistance.

A case is reported of resistance to the muscle relaxing action of suxamethonium due to the rare inherited condition of hypercholinesterasaemia. Family studies suggest dominant inheritance. It is suggested the condition should be considered whenever there is unexpected resistance to the muscle relaxing action of suxamethonium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Urothelial reaction to ureteric intubation. A clinical study.

Urothelial biopsies from ureters intubated with silicone (11) and other polymer (13) double J stents revealed features of mucous metaplasia in 12/24 cases. These changes were associated with encrustation of the stents and occurred principally in stone-forming patients.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1987

Adherence to medical regime and related factors in youngsters on dialysis.

A pilot study is reported in which 18 children in end-stage renal failure, undergoing either haemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were assessed with regard to adherence to their treatment regime. Measures were used to assess level of depression, locus of control and social desirability. Adherent behaviour was significantly related to high social desirability, and a shorter length of time on dialysis. There was no relationship between adherence and depression or locus of control.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1987

Renal nerves mediate blunted natriuresis to atrial natriuretic peptide in cirrhotic rats.

The diuretic and natriuretic responses to atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious rats with cirrhosis (chronic bile duct ligation) were examined. Cirrhotic rats had sodium retention, ascites, and elevated liver weights. In conscious control rats, atrial natriuretic peptide increased urine flow rate and urinary sodium excretion. In conscious cirrhotic rats, atrial natriuretic peptide had no effect on urine flow rate or urinary sodium excretion. Renal denervation reversed the blunted diuretic and natriuretic responses to atrial natriuretic peptide in cirrhotic rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity increased in conscious cirrhotic rats during infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide but decreased in conscious control rats. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system with captopril had no effect on the diuretic or natriuretic responses to atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious control or cirrhotic rats. Mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and renal plasma flow were affected similarly by atrial natriuretic peptide in control and cirrhotic rats. Increased renal sympathetic nerve activity, but not angiotensin II, mediates the blunted diuretic and natriuretic responses to atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious cirrhotic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Explorations of a crisis intervention service.

Descriptive studies of a crisis intervention service replicated previous findings of relationships between staff members' attitudes towards treatment and their 'personal styles'. The attitudes and personal styles of crisis team members and non-members differed, largely because of differences in the professions making up these groups. While all staff groups shared the same concept of crisis, they differed in their discrimination of crisis cases from 'furores'. Initial crisis intervention interviews exhibited more confrontation and less exploration by therapists than did initial psychiatric out-patient clinic interviews. Patients referred to the crisis team differed from significant other people in their lives, and from control patients referred to the ordinary out-patient clinic, in aspects of their perception of problems.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

The effect of oral magnesium-containing bowel preparation agents on mucosal coating by barium sulphate suspensions.

Alteration in the quality of mucosal coating by barium sulphate suspension observed during double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) examinations when an oral magnesium-containing purgative (Picolax) was used as sole bowel preparation has been investigated in vivo. Small amounts of Picolax were found to produce a linear increase in apparent viscosity and thixotropy, due to flocculation. The effect of equivalent concentrations of acid was significantly less (p less than 0.01), and of magnesium chloride was significantly greater (p less than 0.05), whereas magnesium citrate was comparable to Picolax, demonstrating the deflocculating effect of citrate on the flocculating action of magnesium ions. It is suggested that colonic residue from orally ingested magnesium-containing purgatives may contain sufficient magnesium ions to increase viscosity of the barium suspension and visibly affect its coating during DCBE.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1987

Size of the carotid body and ventilatory responses to hypoxia in genetically hypertensive rats.

Structural and functional abnormalities of peripheral chemoreceptors have been found in association with hypertension in both man and rat. In New Zealand (NZ), Kyoto and Milan hypertensive (HT) rats carotid body volume was similar in HT and normotensive (NT) individuals of the same original genetic stock. Arteries within the carotid body showed changes typical of hypertension. Under anaesthesia, NZ HT rats had higher PaO2, lower PaCO2 tensions than NT rats; ventilation/100 g body weight was higher in the HT than NT rats over a wide range of inspired O2 tensions. Thus in HT rats we found evidence of hyperventilation without carotid body enlargement.

Animals↗