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Biomedical subjects

S Jolley

Publications and source records attributed to S Jolley.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

The influence of schizotypy traits on prepulse inhibition in young healthy controls.

Deficits in sensorimotor gating or prepulse inhibition (PPI) have been demonstrated repeatedly in patients with schizophrenia or with schizotypal personality disorder, but not consistently in schizotypal non-psychiatric controls. The appearance of normal PPI in this group has been interpreted as reflecting a discontinuous underlying vulnerability to psychosis in high-risk groups. An alternative interpretation is that underlying vulnerability to psychosis is continuously distributed in the normal population (Claridge, 1972, 1987), and therefore that performance on information processing tasks should vary continuously with increasing levels of schizotypy in non-clinical populations. We attempted to examine further the notion of a continuous relationship between PPI and schizotypy in 44 (17 female, 27 male) healthy, non-smoking subjects controlling for menstrual phase. In this selected sample, the findings do not support a continuum model, and suggest that PPI deficits may indeed be the result of a discontinuous neurophysiological change in those with psychotic illness, rather than one continuously distributed in the normal population.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Promoting teenage sexual health: an investigation into the knowledge, activities and perceptions of gynaecology nurses.

AIM: This study was designed to investigate the teenage sexual health service provided by gynaecology nurses at Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (UK), by assessing their knowledge, activities and perceptions in relation to teenage sexual health. BACKGROUND: Part of a gynaecology nurse's work is caring for teenagers with sexual health problems, including unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Given the current national focus in the UK on improving teenage sexual health, there is clearly a role for gynaecology nurses to play, but this is rarely referred to in published literature and appears to be poorly defined. METHOD: A cross sectional survey of all gynaecology nurses at Queen's Medical Centre was carried out, followed by semi-structured interviews with a small random subsample. FINDINGS: Results indicated that, although 65% of nurses had worked on the gynaecology unit for more than 5 years, there was poor knowledge, an inconsistent pattern of nursing interventions and negative perceptions of the service offered. A majority of the nurses (87%) had not received any specific training in how to nurse teenagers with sexual health problems and 65% considered that the quality of sexual health service offered to teenagers was poor. Unexpected findings included poor general knowledge of local teenage sexual health services, the emotional effect on some nurses caring for young teenagers undergoing medical terminations of pregnancy (ToP), and the complete lack of training and protocols for taking a sexual history. CONCLUSIONS: The nurses felt that the teenage sexual health service provided could be improved by better staff training, better information for teenagers and better organization. Recommendations have been made as a result of the study but the staff will need management support to ensure that changes are effective. Generalizations cannot be drawn from a study in one hospital but the results could reflect the low profile given to the teenage sexual health aspect of gynaecology nurses' work in the UK.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Diagnosis of neurofibromatosis I by using tightly linked, flanking DNA markers.

We tested 132 individuals from 21 families segregating an allele for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), by using nine RFLPs tightly linked to the NF-1 locus. Family members had requested DNA testing either to determine whether "at risk" children were carrying the NF-1 allele or to determine whether their respective families would be informative for prenatal testing. Predictions about whether a child carries the NF-1 mutation were possible for all 32 at-risk offspring (greater than 98% accuracy based on the recombination estimates currently available for these DNA markers). At least one informative probe was available for all 23 matings in these 21 families; flanking markers were informative for 10 matings. Pairwise analysis showed that several of the polymorphisms were in tight linkage disequilibrium; few recombination events were observed with these markers in the families under study. We conclude that the DNA probes used in this study perform well for diagnostic testing of NF-1 in familial cases. A subset of five probe-enzyme systems (pHHH202/RsaI, p11-3C4.2/MspI, pTH17.19/Bg/II, p11-2C11.7/BamHI, and p11-2F9.8/TaqI) provide reliable linkage information for both clinical testing and prenatal diagnosis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

The lower esophageal sphincter in gastroesophageal reflux in children.

Esophageal function was evaluated in 51 children less than 2 years of age with radiologic evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. Detection of an acid esophageal pH was a sensitive measure of gastroesophageal reflux. Lower esophageal sphincter pressures were greater in reflux patients with respiratory symptoms (18.0 +/- 1.4 mm Hg) than in reflux patients without respiratory symptoms (9.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg). The intra-abdominal segment of the lower esophageal sphincter was shorter in patients with reflux than in controls (0.51 +/- 0.05 cm vs. 0.75 +/- 0.08 cm). It was also shorter in patients requiring surgical therapy (0.34 +/- 0.05 cm) than in those responding to medical therapy (0.63 +/- 0.07 cm).

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient information on post-operative sickness.

AIM: To determine the amount of information patients received on post-operative nausea and vomiting and whether this could be improved. METHOD: A convenience sample of 140 post-operative patients was questioned. The patients were asked whether they had received any information, whether they thought information provision could be improved, whether an information leaflet would be useful and what information could be included. This led to a patient information leaflet being designed and piloted with 30 patients. A clear policy for patient education and staff training was also drawn up and a second audit was later carried out with 150 patients. RESULTS: About half the patients questioned in the first audit had not received any information, but thought that a patient information leaflet would be useful. On re-audit, 86 per cent of patients questioned had received information. Approximately half had the new patient information leaflet and only four did not receive any information. About 80 per cent of patients no longer thought it important to improve the information provision. CONCLUSION: This study showed that addressing information provision on post-operative nausea and vomiting with the use of audit led to a vast improvement in patient satisfaction with the amount of information they received.

Gynecologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing post-operative nausea and vomiting.

Post-operative nausea and vomiting leads to unnecessary suffering for many surgical patients. Improved nursing management can help prevent and better treat this condition.

Antiemetics↗