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Biomedical subjects

S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hepatic collagen proline hydroxylase activity in primary biliary cirrhosis.

The enzyme collagen proline hydroxylase has been measured in liver biopsies from fourteen patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The activity was elevated in ten of the patients, but not to the degree previously found in patients with active cirrhosis. There was no correlation between the enzyme activity and the liver copper concentration, which was elevated in all except one of those measured. This suggests that excessive collagen synthesis in PBC is not directly related to the high liver copper concentrations.

Copper↗
PubMed1978

Histological demonstration of copper and copper-associated protein in chronic liver diseases.

Liver copper concentrations in percutaneous biopsy specimens were measured by neutron activation analysis and compared with histological staining for copper by rubeanic acid and rhodanine, and with copper-associated protein stained by orcein. Liver copper concentrations were elevated in 31 of 35 biopsies from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and discrimination between normal and elevated liver copper was correct in 32 of the 35 biopsies by staining with rubeanic acid, and 31 of the 35 by staining with rhodanine. Orcein staining of copper-associated protein was positive in 33 of the 35 biopsies. All 17 biopsy specimens from patients with Wilson's disease had high liver copper concentrations, but only nine had positive staining for copper, and six were orcein positive. Similarly, histological stains gave little indication of the liver copper concentrations in tissue from 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis. Staining of liver sections can be useful in detecting elevation of liver copper in PBC, but not in Wilson's disease, where the absolute concentration must be measured. Excess copper appears to accumulate in the liver in different chemical forms in PBC and Wilson's disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1977

A controlled trial of D-penicillamine therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis.

D-penicillamine, 900 mg daily, was used in a randomised controlled trial for treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. 19 patients received D-penicillamine and 13 received placebo. The two groups were similar in age, duration of illness, liver function tests, and liver histology. Before entry into the trial liver-copper concentration was raised in 25 of the 27 patients in whom it was measured. After three months patients taking D-penicillamine showed a significant reduction in serum-aspartate-transaminase concentrations compared with the placebo group, and this reduction seemed to be sustained. In the 4 patients on D-penicillamine for a year, a second liver biopsy showed that mean liver-copper concentration fell from 310 +/- 128 (S.E.M.) to 84 +/- 36 microng/g dry liver, compared with a reduction from 511 +/- 169 to 454 +/- 128 in the 7 patients in the placebo group in whom serial liver-copper measurements were available. Liver histology demonstrated a comparative improvement in cholestasis in patients on penicillamine, but the degree of inflammation, necrosis, and the histological stage of disease remained similar in both groups. In 5 of the 19 patients in the D-penicillamine group the drug was discontinued because of side-effects. D-penicillamine seems to be a promising treatment for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. It may produce its effect by reducing liver-copper concentration.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using the "Chiba" needle--80 cases.

Using the Chiba needle for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, bile ducts have been visualized radiographically in 80% of 80 patients with cholestatic jaundice. The success rate was 94.4% in the 54 patients with dilated bile ducts due to an extrahepatic bilary obstruction, and 50% of the 20 patients with undilated ducts. Four patients developed ascending cholangitis with septicaemia on the same day as the procedure, and early surgery after visualization of obstructed bile ducts is recommended. The technique was successful in three of five patients with sclerosing cholangitis. Percutaneous cholangiography using the Chiba needle is a convenient method of opacifying the biliary system in patients with severe large bile duct obstruction.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1977

Transfer factor in the attempted treatment of patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease.

Six patients with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (HBsAg-pos) chronic liver disease have been treated with transfer factor (TF) prepared from leucocytes of normal blood donors with no history of hepatitis, and with TF from subjects recently recovered from type B hepatitis. In three patients there were transient elevations of aspartate transaminase (AsT) after 'specific' TF, representing damage or destruction of hepatocytes, and in two of these patients there was coincidental complement consumption, suggesting that TF had stimulated production of antibody. In one other patient there was an increase in E-rosetting lymphocyte (ERL) concentration representing a change in T-lymphocyte reactivity. One of the two patients who had no measured response to TF had a primary liver cell carcinoma and was receiving prednisolone therapy. TF prepared from subjects who have recently recovered from type B hepatitis may have temporarily altered the immunological status of patients with HBsAg-pos chronic liver disease, but it did not have a beneficial therapeutic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Potassium status of patients with cirrhosis.

Whole body potassium measurements were performed on 55 cirrhotic patients in different stages of the disease. They included 34 with alcoholic cirrhosis, 10 with cryptogenic cirrhosis, eight with chronic active hepatitis, and three with haemochromatosis. Serial measurements were carried out in 21 patients. The findings of this study indicate that: (1) the aetiology of the cirrhosis is important in determining the potassium status of cirrhotics, most alcoholics being depleted; (2) ascites and decompensation are usually associated with potassium depletion but compensated cirrhotics may also be depleted even when not receiving diuretics; (3) the initial potassium status, whether a cirrhotic be decompensated or not, is difficult to alter in the short term (six months). Marked changes in potassium status can occur in alcoholic patients studied over longer periods.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Peripheral blood lymphocyte populations in chronic liver disease.

Mature T lymphocyte concentrations are reduced, null cell concentrations are increased, and Fc receptor bearing (B and K) lymphocyte concentrations are normal, in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatocellular or cholestatic liver disease. Some null cells can be stimulated by either thymosin or levamisole to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. These changes are present in viral, alcohol associated and 'autoimmune' liver disease and are therefore probably secondary phenomena relating to liver damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Double-stranded DNA-binding capacity of serum in acute and chronic liver disease.

Serum antibodies to double-stranded 'native' DNA have been measured in acute and chronic liver diseases using the Farr technique. Elevated levels of DNA binding were found in all groups of patients, with the highest levels in acute viral hepatitis and lowest in primary biliary cirrhosis. All patients with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis had elevated levels, hence persistent elevation of DNA binding after acute type B hepatitis might be an unfavourable prognostic marker indicating progression to chronic active hepatitis, DNA antibody levels will not offer diagnostic help in liver diseases, or help to follow the response of patients with 'lupoid' hepatitis to corticosteroid therapy. Production of DNA antibody may be a response to release of DNA from damaged hepatocytes.

Alcoholism↗