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S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Sex-, stage- and tissue-specific regulation by a mosquito hexamerin promoter.

A portion of the 5'-flanking region of the female-specific hexamerin gene, Hex-1.2, from the mosquito Ochlerotatus atropalpus was used to drive expression of the luciferase reporter gene in Drosophila melanogaster. The proximal 0.7 kb of 5'-flanking DNA were sufficient to partially repress reporter gene activity in males and to drive tissue- and stage-specific expression comparable with that of the endogenous O. atropalpus Hex-1.2 gene. The Drosophila doublesex transcription factor (DSX), expressed in Escherichia coli, bound putative DSX sites of the Hex-1.2 gene differentially in vitro. Blocking expression of the female isoform of the Doublesex transcription factor in transgenic female flies resulted in reduction of luciferase expression to levels comparable with those in males, suggesting that Doublesex could contribute to regulation of female-specific expression of the O. atropalpus Hex-1.2 gene.

5' Flanking Region↗
PubMed2006

Filarial dance in a breast mass on colour Doppler imaging.

Filarial dance in breast lesions is a very rare entity. It is difficult to show the characteristic vigorous movement of the adult worms on static images although pulse wave Doppler and colour power Doppler have been used. Filarial dance on colour Doppler imaging has not been reported earlier to the best of our knowledge.

Breast↗
PubMed2006

Testing association between LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease and investigating linkage disequilibrium.

BACKGROUND: We and others recently identified the gene underlying PARK8 linked Parkinson's disease (PD). This gene, LRRK2, contains mutations that cause an autosomal dominant PD, including a mutation, G2019S, which is the most common PD causing mutation identified to date. Common genetic variability in genes that contain PD causing mutations has previously been implicated as a risk factor for typical sporadic disease. METHODS: We undertook a case-control association analysis of LRRK2 in two independent European PD cohorts using 31 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) and five potentially functional SNPs. To assess the structure of this locus in different populations, we have performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis using these variants in a human diversity panel. RESULTS: We show that common genetic variability in LRRK2 is not associated with risk for PD in the European populations studied here. We also show inter-population variability in the strength of LD across this locus. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first comprehensive analysis of common variability within LRRK2 as a risk factor for PD.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Management of the gastrointestinal tract at the time of cystectomy.

Radical cystectomy impacts on the gastro-intestinal tract in several ways. Clearly there is the need for bowel mobilisation, resection and anastamosis in order to create a urinary diversion, and the use of bowel preparation or antibiotics are controversial topics. Post-operatively ileus is common and there is debate about the routine use of NG tubes. Early enteral feeding is a modern concept but not yet proven. In the long-term there can be problems such as diarrhoea and B12 deficiency. All of these issues are discussed in this review using the latest available evidence.

Cystectomy↗
PubMed2006

Sustained attention and executive functions in euthymic young people with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Persistent neuropsychological impairments have been reported in the euthymic phase of bipolar affective disorder. However, the findings have been confounded by multiple episodes, chronic illness and residual mood symptoms. AIMS: To assess sustained attention and executive functioning in euthymic young people with bipolar I disorder who had had no more than two affective episodes. METHOD: Thirty euthymic patients (with illness duration of less than 5 years and no more than two affective episodes) and 30 matched healthy individuals were assessed for sustained attention and executive functioning. RESULTS: The bipolar group (mean age 22.4 years, s.d.=2.52; duration of illness 20.87 months, s.d.=14.72), showed impairment on tasks of attention and executive functioning. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that deficits in executive functioning differentiated cases from controls. There was no correlation between residual depressive symptoms and neuropsychological performance. CONCLUSIONS: Deficits in attention and executive functioning were present in young people who had experienced only a few episodes of bipolar disorder, suggesting that the deficits are possibly trait abnormalities. Whether these deficits worsen with progression of illness needs to be examined in longitudinal studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Penile prosthetic surgery and its role in the treatment of end-stage erectile dysfunction - an update.

The treatment of erectile dysfunction has been revolutionised with the introduction of orally active phosphodiesterase inhibitors which are successful in 70-80% of men. However, there remain a group of men in whom conservative treatment fails and surgical insertion of a penile prosthesis is required. This type of surgery has in the past been associated with technical difficulties and a high complication rate. This has spurred numerous developments in prosthesis design and surgical technique with the field changing at a rapid pace. Perhaps the most significant is the use of antimicrobial coatings on prostheses that have been shown to reduce the infection rate significantly. This review highlights those developments reported in the last 5 years.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed2006

Chlamydia trachomatis infection & female infertility.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Chlamydia trachomatis is a well recognized sexually transmitted pathogen. Besides its potential to produce genital tract infection, C. trachomatis is increasingly being associated with long-term complications like infertility. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of C. trachomatis in female infertility as such data are lacking. METHODS: Women of primary and secondary infertility (n=110) and 30 healthy term pregnant women as control group were enrolled in the study. Detailed clinical history of each patient was recorded. Hysterosalpingography was performed in all patients. Endocervical swabs were collected for culture on cycloheximide treated McCoy cell line and for antigen detection by ELISA. RESULTS: C. trachomatis was detected in 31 (28.1%) of the 110 infertile women while one (3.3%) in control group was positive for C. trachomatis (P<0.01). Cell culture alone identified 25 (22.72%) patients suffering from chlamydial infection while C. trachomatis antigen was detected by ELISA in 18 (16.37%) patients. The one control case was positive for Chlamydia antigen by ELISA and not by cell culture. Chlamydial positivity was seen in 20 of the 74 (27%) women with primary infertility and in 11 of the 36 (30.6%) with secondary infertility. Of the 58 asymptomatic women, 21(36.2%) had chlamydia infection while among the 52 symptomatic cases 10 (19.2%) were infected; 38 per cent women with chlamydial infection also had tubal occlusion. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: A significantly high rate of C. trachomatis infection was found in infertile women and more so in asymptomatic females and in secondary infertility cases. Lack of symptoms make clinical diagnosis of chlamydial infection difficult. Screening of infertile women for C. trachomatis is therefore recommended so far early therapeutic interventions.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2006

HIV immunosupression and malaria: is there a correlation?

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has resulted in an increase in the prevalence of many opportunistic infections and has caused re-emergence of certain diseases in the developing world. In tropical countries, immunosupression due to HIV infection has resulted in changes in the clinical presentation of endemic infections. Although the immune deficiency caused by HIV infection should presumably lead to an increased frequency of clinical malaria in areas with endemic malarial infection, like India, evidence of the association between HIV and malaria in India is scanty, with only a few studies showing a positive correlation. We hereby report a case of concurrent infection with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a young male patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Extensive arterial and venous thrombosis in a patient with ulcerative colitis--a case report.

BACKGROUND: Vascular thrombosis is a rare but well-recognized extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis. Thrombosis usually involves the peripheral veins and less commonly the cerebral veins and the arterial system. CASE REPORT: A case of a 22-year-old woman is reported who presented with an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis and developed extensive arterial and venous thrombosis. Good clinical improvement was achieved after treatment with steroids, sulfasalazine, and anticoagulation with enoxaparin followed by long-term warfarin. CONCLUSION: Early recognition of thrombotic complications is essential in initiating lifesaving therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Oral versus high dose parenteral iron supplementation in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of daily oral iron supplementation with two injections of high dose parenteral iron. METHOD: A total of 220 pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy and hemoglobin between 8 to 11 g% at 16-24 weeks gestation were identified and randomly divided into two groups. Group A was started on daily oral iron therapy of 100 mg of elemental iron. Group B was given 250 mg of iron sorbitol intramuscularly and repeated at an interval of 4-6 weeks. Blood indices were evaluated at the beginning of study and at 36 weeks to see the effect after iron supplementation in the two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 10.1. RESULTS: Definitive and comparable improvement in hemoglobin and all the blood indices (hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, MCV, Serum iron and TIBC) was observed. The absolute change in hemoglobin and hematocrit was 1.18+/-0.68 g% and 4.02+/-2.59% in oral group, 1.34+/-0.77 g% and 4.93+/-3.65% in parenteral group, respectively. Serum ferritin showed statistically significant absolute rise (10.43+/-7.92 microg/dl) after parenteral iron supplementation as compared to oral iron supplementation (9.76+/-4.78 microg/dl). Obstetric outcome was comparable in two groups. CONCLUSION: Two treatment regimens are biologically equivalent in terms of hematological response. Two high doses of intramuscular iron can be a good substitute to meet iron requirement in pregnancy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

UK national survey of prophylactic YAG iridotomy.

PURPOSE: Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a common ophthalmic emergency and individuals with shallow anterior chambers and suspected narrow angles are increasingly referred to the hospital eye service for assessment. There appears to be variation in subsequent management, with no national consensus or college guidelines. This study ascertains the current use of prophylactic YAG iridotomy in patients with no known history of an acute angle-closure glaucoma attack, and also the methods used in patient selection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaire-based survey mailed to 650 UK consultant ophthalmologists with a covering letter in 2003. RESULTS: A total of 546 questionnaires were returned. In all, 408 respondents (74.7%) confirmed they perform prophylactic YAG iridotomy and of these 347 (85.0%) use patient symptoms and 268 (65.6%) presenting IOP in patient selection, 394 (96.6%) perform gonioscopy and 97 (23.8%) use some form of provocative test first. A total of 135 (25.3%) stated they do not perform this procedure. CONCLUSION: This study reveals current national practice among UK ophthalmologists, with variations in the assessment of patients with narrow angles but a high uptake of prophylactic YAG iridotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Evidence of a common founder for SCA12 in the Indian population.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat in the 5' region of the PPP2R2B gene on chromosome 5q31-5q32. We found that it accounts for approximately 16% (20/124) of all the autosomal dominant ataxia cases diagnosed in AIIMS, a major tertiary referral centre in North India. The length of the expanded allele in this population ranges from 51-69 CAG triplets. Interestingly, all the affected families belong to an endogamous population, which originated in the state of Haryana, India. We identified four novel SNPs and a dinucleotide marker spanning approximately 137 kb downstream of CAG repeat in the PPP2R2B gene. Analysis of 20 Indian SCA12 families and ethnically matched normal unrelated individuals revealed one haplotype to be significantly associated with the affected alleles (P= 0.000), clearly indicating the presence of a common founder for SCA12 in the Indian population. This haplotype was not shared by the American pedigree with SCA12. Therefore, the SCA12 expansion appears to have originated at least twice.

Alleles↗
PubMed2005

Awareness of correct use of a seatbelt among pregnant women and health professionals: a multicentric survey.

A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine if pregnant women and healthcare professionals were aware of the correct use of a seatbelt and if advice was given. A total of 154 pregnant women and 56 health professionals were included in the study. A total of 115 (74.6 %) pregnant women wore seatbelts as drivers; 51 (33.1%) women were concerned about wearing the seatbelt in pregnancy; eight (14.2 %) received advice from health professionals. Incorrect positioning of a seatbelt was indicated by 67 (43.5 %) pregnant women and nine (16 %) health professionals. The majority of the doctors and community midwives advised women on seatbelt use only if asked. This study shows that almost half of pregnant women are ignorant of the correct use of a seatbelt, which puts them at risk for injuries. Well-informed prenatal care providers should substantially influence the practice among pregnant women through education.

Awareness↗
PubMed2005

A new bioactive flavone glycoside from the seeds of Melilotus indica All.

Melilotus indica All. [Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C. (1956) Glossary Indian Med. Plants, 164 C.S.I.R. Publication New-Delhi; Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1935) Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd Ed., Vol. I, pp. 703-704 Lalit Mohan Basuan Co. Allahabad. The Wealth of India (1962) A Dictionary of Raw Materials and Industrial Products, Vol. VI, pp. 329-331 (C.S.I.R. Publication: New-Delhi)] belongs to family Leguminosae, which is commonly known as 'Banmethi' in Hindi. It is found in North India, extending into S. Persia, S. Europe and the Tropical zone of India. The seeds are used as an anthelmintic, an antipyretic, for curing heart diseases, bronchitis, leprosy, bowel complaints and infantile diarrhea. The plant has also been used as a discutient, emollient, and as a fomentation. It is also useful in a plaster for swelling. It is considered astringent and narcotic. Earlier workers have reported the presence of C-glycosides [Sayed, E.L., Ishak, M.S. and Mabry, T.J. (1997) Asian J. Chem., 9, 551], methylene-dioxypterocarpan (MIS6) [Saxena, V.K. and Nigam, S. (1997) Fitoterapia, 68, 343-345], pterocarpane (MIS2) [Saxena, V.K. and Nigam, S. (1996) J. Institution Chem. 68, 122-125] and prenylated pterocarpan [Saxena, V.K. and Nigam, S. (1997) Fitoterapia, 68, 403-407] from this plant. Here, we report the isolation of the new flavone glycoside 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,3'-dimethoxyflavone-7-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) from the seeds of this plant.

Flavones↗