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Biomedical subjects

S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Gynaecology on the Net: evaluation of the information on hysterectomy contained in health-related web sites.

The popularity of the Internet is expanding rapidly and the number of patients accessing health-related web sites before a clinical consultation is increasing every day. Using popular Internet search engines we retrieved 26 health-related web sites containing patient information on hysterectomy. The web sites underwent a general evaluation on the base of principles of conduct suggested in the literature. The accuracy of the information was then compared with the one provided in the information leaflet produced by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. There were only a few cases identified of misleading contents and, in general, the information was found to be accurate but rarely comprehensive. Poor adherence to some basic principles of conduct was also noticed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Statistical mechanics of vacancy and interstitial strings in hexagonal columnar crystals

Columnar crystals contain defects in the form of vacancy-interstitial loops or strings of vacancies and interstitials bounded by column "heads" and "tails." These defect strings are oriented by the columnar lattice and can change size and shape by movement of the ends and by forming kinks along the length. Hence an analysis in terms of directed living polymers [S. A. Safran, Statistical Thermodynamics of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Membranes (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994), Sec. 8] is appropriate to study their size and shape distribution, volume fraction, etc. If the entropy of transverse fluctuations overcomes the string line tension in the crystalline phase, a string proliferation transition occurs, leading to a supersolid phase [E. Frey, D. R. Nelson, and D. S. Fisher, Phys. Rev. B 49, 9723 (1994); see also J. Prost, Liq. Cryst. 8, 123 (1990)]. We estimate the wandering entropy and examine the behavior in the transition regime. We also calculate numerically the line tension of various species of vacancies and interstitials in a triangular lattice for power-law potentials as well as for a modified Bessel function interaction between columns such as occurs in the case of flux lines in type-II superconductors or long polyelectrolytes in an ionic solution. We find that the centered interstitial is the lowest-energy defect for a very wide range of interactions; the symmetric vacancy is preferred only for extremely short interaction ranges.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Channel flow of smectic films

The hydrodynamics of smectic films at an air-water interface is discussed, with particular focus on the viscous response of the film under flow normal to the layers. The corrections to the response functions of the smectic phase, arising from the coupling between the flow and the smectic order parameter, are calculated. The results for the effective viscosity are illustrated by analyzing smectic film flow in a channel geometry. Two limiting cases of the flow, namely, motion dominated by dislocation-induced shear-softening and dislocation-free motion dominated by the permeation mode of mass transfer, are studied. The effect of drag from a finite depth liquid subphase is considered. The results are compared to those for hexatic and liquid films.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP): report of four cases.

Four patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris are reported. The diagnosis in each was based upon well-recognized clinical features. Two of them, a mother and son, had the disease since childhood and were marked by relative remission in spring and exacerbation in autumn. Moderate to severe pruritus was a common dominator. Erythroderma was a presenting feature in one case. Although histopathology was considered imperative, it only supplemented the clinical expression. Vitamin A in heavy dosage, supplemented by vitamin E and stanozolol in tandem, was the mainstay of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Electrophysiological and anatomic heterogeneity in evolving canine myocardial infarction.

Although the heterogeneity of electrophysiological properties is increased after myocardial infarction, the degree of this heterogeneity has not been well quantitated and its relationship to the histological changes that occur after infarction has not been carefully examined. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that alterations in electrophysiological properties in healing canine infarction are related to particular histological changes. Experimental infarction was produced by left anterior descending coronary ligation. Six dogs were used as controls, six were studied 5 days following, and six were studied 8 weeks following infarction. Pacing thresholds, effective refractory periods, and activation-recovery times were determined at 112 sites on the anterior left ventricle using a multiple electrode plaque. Conduction velocity, conduction-heterogeneity index--a measure of conduction disturbance--and histology of the epimyocardium underlying the plaque were assessed. The effective refractory periods and activation-recovery times were greater in both infarction groups, most prominently in the subacute group. In subacute infarction, significant postrepolarization refractoriness was present. In healed infarction, conduction velocity was decreased and the conduction-heterogeneity index was increased compared to controls and subacute infarction. Dispersion of excitability and repolarization was associated with more extensive local scarring. Dispersion of myocardial fiber angles was associated with the conduction-heterogeneity index. Some but not all of the electrophysiological changes noted in the animals with infarction were also seen in sham operated animals. Thus, heterogeneity in repolarization and refractoriness is greatest in the subacute phase of myocardial infarction and is associated with the extent of local cell death. In contrast, disturbances in conduction are greatest in healed infarction and associated with disarray of myocardial fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in fulminant hepatic failure.

OBJECTIVE: Although presence of ascites has been reported in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) has not been studied in a large group of such patients. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of ascites and SBP in FHF patients. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-eight consecutive patients (mean age 32.9+/-14.8 yr) with FHF were studied. There were 133 (44.6%) men and 165 (55.4%) women. Acute viral hepatitis accounted for 91.6% of the patients and were analyzed in the present study. RESULTS: Ascites was clinically detected in 79 (28.9%) patients. The patients with ascites were older (p = 0.005), had longer jaundice-encephalopathy interval (p<0.0000001), lesser grade of encephalopathy on admission (p = 0.0000043), and a lower incidence of raised intracranial pressure on admission (p = 0.0007). Patients with ascites had significantly lower serum albumin (p = 0.021), ALT (p = 0.0005), AST (p = 0.00017), and PT (p = 0.002) on admission than in patients without ascites. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that jaundice-encephalopathy interval (> or =14 days) and serum albumin (< or =2.5 g/dl) were the only independent predictors of ascites. SBP was detected in 14 (17.7%) patients (neutrocytic culture positive, 4; neutrocytic culture negative, 9; and monomicrobial bacterascites, 1). Escherichia coli was identified in three patients. Survival was no different between patients with and those without ascites and also between patients with and those without SBP. CONCLUSIONS: Ascites is a frequent accompaniment of FHF and is complicated by SBP. Jaundice-encephalopathy interval of 14 days or more and serum albumin (< or =2.5 g/dl) on admission predicts the development of ascites in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Carcinoid tumour in a caecal duplication cyst.

Intestinal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies that may occasionally undergo neoplastic change. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who was diagnosed to have a caecal duplication cyst. The cyst was excised and histology revealed the presence of a 10 mm diameter carcinoid tumour within the cyst wall. There was no evidence of metastatic spread and the patient remains well after 2 years follow-up. The 3 previously reported cases of carcinoid tumour arising within duplication cysts are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hypothalamic hamartoma as a cause of precocious puberty in neurofibromatosis type 1: patient report.

Precocious puberty resulting from hypothalamic hamartoma is well known. Neurofibromatosis type 1 can also present with precocious puberty. However, hypothalamic hamartoma as the cause of precocious puberty in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 has never been described in the literature. This rare occurrence of these two together in a patient with precocious puberty is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hysteroscopic management of intra-uterine devices with lost strings.

We report a series of 38 patients with intra-uterine devices with lost strings where hysteroscopic aid was required after routine retrieval procedures failed. Thirty-five intra-uterine devices could be removed easily with hysteroscope. In one patient a fragmented Lippes Loop was removed piecemeal hysteroscopically. Laparotomy was required in only one patient, for an extra-uterine Copper T. Hysteroscopy is thus a simple, safe and effective method for removing misplaced intra-uterine devices.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Usefulness of short term video-EEG monitoring in children with frequent intractable episodes.

A prospective study was done to evaluate the role of short-term Video EEG (VEEG) recording in assessing the nature of clinical behaviour and in classification of seizures in children with frequent intractable seizure episodes. Forty five children upto 12 years of age with frequent intractable seizure episodes (> or =3/week) were included in the study. VEEG was done on an outpatient basis until an event was recorded or for a minimum period of 6 hours. The events were detected in 78% of cases. The seizures were classified in all children with recorded events and seizure classification was changed in 22%. Anti-epileptic drugs could be stopped or reduced in 11%. Short term VEEG monitoring was useful in characterising events and in classification of seizures in children with frequent, intractable seizure episodes. Use of this investigation as a screening procedure for diagnosis in children with frequent episodes is stressed, thereby reducing the cost associated with prolonged VEEG recordings and disability associated with misdiagnosis of epilepsy.

Child↗