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Biomedical subjects

S Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Jacobsen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Induction of heat shock proteins DnaK, GroEL, and GroES by salt stress in Lactococcus lactis.

The bacterium Lactococcus lactis has become a model organism in studies of growth physiology and membrane transport, as a result of its simple fermentative metabolism. It is also used as a model for studying the importance of specific genes and functions during life in excess nutrients, by comparison of prototrophic wild-type strains and auxotrophic domesticated (dairy) strains. In a study of the capacity of domesticated strains to perform directed responses toward various stress conditions, we have analyzed the heat and salt stress response in the established L. lactis subsp. cremoris laboratory strain MG1363, which was originally derived from a dairy strain. After two-dimensional separation of proteins, the DnaK, GroEL, and GroES heat shock proteins, the HrcA (Orf1) heat shock repressor, and the glycolytic enzymes pyruvate kinase, glyceral-dehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate kinase were identified by a combination of Western blotting and direct N-terminal amino acid sequencing of proteins from the gels. Of 400 to 500 visible proteins, 17 were induced more than twofold during heat stress. Two classes of heat stress proteins were identified from their temporal induction pattern. The fast-induced proteins (including DnaK) showed an abruptly increased rate of synthesis during the first 10 min, declining to intermediate levels after 15 min. GroEL and GroES, which also belong to this group, maintained a high rate of synthesis after 15 min. The class of slowly induced proteins exhibited a gradual increase in the rate of synthesis after the onset of stress. Unlike other organisms, all salt stress-induced proteins in L. lactis were also subjected to heat stress induction. DnaK, GroEL, and GroES showed similar temporal patterns of induction during salt stress, resembling the timing during heat stress although at a lower induction level. These data indicate an overlap between the heat shock and salt stress responses in L. lactis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of intravenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine in patients with fibromyalgia.

The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of intravenously administered S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Thirty-four out-patients with fibromyalgia symptoms received SAMe 600 mg i.v. or placebo daily for 10 days in a cross-over trial. There was no significant difference in improvement in the primary outcome: tender point change between the two treatment groups. There was a tendency towards statistical significance in favour of SAMe on subjective perception of pain at rest (p = 0.08), pain on movement (p = 0.11), and overall well-being (p = 0.17) and slight improvement only on fatigue, quality of sleep, morning stiffness, and on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire for pain. No effect could be observed on isokinetic muscle strength, Zerrsen self-assessment questionnaire, and the face scale. No effect of SAMe in patients with FM was found in this short term study.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Skeletal metastases of unknown origin: a retrospective analysis of 29 cases.

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic strategy in identifying occult primary carcinomas in metastatic bone disease. The records of 29 patients seen between 1983 and 1993 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients had been evaluated nonuniformly with a wide array of diagnostic procedures. The primary tumor was identified in 22 patients antemortem, and in 2 patients postmortem. In 5 patients a diagnosis of the primary tumor was never obtained. Eleven of the primary tumors were carcinomas of the lung, 3 were prostatic carcinomas, 2 were carcinomas of the breast and 2 were malignant lymphomas. In 4 patients respectively a carcinoma of the kidney, the pancreas, the ovary or the stomach was found. One patient had a carcinoid tumor of the small intestine, and one had a retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma. The average survival time after clinical onset of skeletal metastases was 12 months. We propose a flow sheet to evaluate this category of patients including a medical history, thorough physical examination, routine laboratory tests, chest radiography, bone scintigram, ultrasonography or computed tomography of the abdomen and biopsy of the most accessible metastasis. These tests allowed premortem diagnosis of the primary tumor in 75% of the cases. Biopsy should be considered the last test to be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Analgesic effect of intraarticular morphine. A controlled, randomised and double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: Opioids produce antinociceptive effect by acting on receptors on peripheral nerves. The clinical relevance of this effect is still debated. The aim of the study was to compare the analgesic effect of morphine intraarticularly with the intramuscular route of administration after knee surgery. METHODS: Sixty-one patients, ASA 1-2, having elective arthroscopic surgery of the knee were randomised to either an intraarticular or intramuscular dose of morphine 5 mg. The pain sensation was estimated by visual analogue scale and a verbal rating score 0, 1, 2 and 4 hours postoperatively and verbal rating score on the third day. The use of acetaminophen and supplementary opioids were recorded for the first 4 hours postoperatively, from 4 hours until the third day, and from day 3 to day 7 postoperatively. RESULTS: The groups were comparable. Three patients were excluded. There were no statistically significant differences in painscore and consumption of analgesics. Fifty-nine per cent in each group had macroscopic synovitis. In the intraarticular group, there was no increased effect of morphine in the patients with synovitis compared to patients without synovitis. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical analgesic effect of 5 mg morphine given intraarticularly is equal to 5 mg morphine given intramuscularly. The occurrence of villous synovitis seems to be of no clinical importance concerning the local effect of morphine.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Traumatic myositis ossificans. Posttraumatic non-neoplastic heterotopic ossification].

Myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) is a nonneoplastic, heterotopic ossification of soft tissues i.e. skeletal muscle, tendons, aponeuroses and fascia. It is often encountered in young male athletes participating in contact sports as a result of a single or repeated contusion. MOT tends to be solitary, localized and well circumscribed with a self-limited growth potential that may culminate in regression. The pathogenesis of MOT is still enigmatic. Recent animal experiments have led to a theory that mesenchymal connective tissue cells, undergo metaplasia induced by trauma and probably osteogenic proteins, to fibroblasts and osteoblasts. These cells deposit and structure osteoid centripetally in the lesion. As the lesion matures, cancellous bone develops into mature, lamellar bone in the periphery of the lesion. In its earlier stages MOT is easily cytologically and radiologically confused with osteogenic sarcoma. The management of MOT is largely conservative and the principles are of considerable value to physicians and physiotherapists engaged in the treatment of sports injuries. This article reviews the various forms of myositis ossificans as well as the pathology, diagnosis and treatment options.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Report on the second EDNAP collaborative STR exercise. European DNA Profiling Group.

The European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) has previously carried out collaborative exercises to determine which STR systems will produce results that can be reproduced by different laboratories. The first EDNAP exercise involving STR systems focused on different types of loci: a simple locus with six common alleles (HUMTH01) and a complex locus with > 35 alleles (ACTBP2). Generally the simpler STR system was found to be readily amenable for use across a wide range of different technologies, whereas a more complex locus presented difficulties. The second EDNAP STR exercise was intended to take the process of investigation a stage further. Some laboratories are developing automation, coupled with fluorescent methods of detection and multiplex applications, whereas others use manual methods involving visual detection techniques such as silver staining. The purpose of this exercise was to determine whether loci amenable to multiplexing with automation (as a quadruplex reaction) could also be successfully used with manual methods, either by multiplexing in duplex reactions or alternatively by using just a single pair of PCR primers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Long-term effects of fluoxetine on glycemic control in obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance: influence on muscle glycogen synthase and insulin receptor kinase activity.

Fluoxetine (F) is a specific serotonin-reuptake inhibitor that has been shown to promote weight loss and improve glycemic control in obese diabetic patients. To study its long-term metabolic effect, 40 obese patients with non-insulin -dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were included in a 12-month, randomized, placebo controlled study. Patients were assigned to receive either 60 mg F or placebo (P) daily in conjunction with a 5.0-MJ/d diet (> 50% carbohydrate). Both groups showed a significant weight loss, with a nadir after 6 months without group differences (mean +/- SD: F, 10.1 +/- 10.0 kg; P, 9.4 +/- 11.5 kg). Fifteen patients from the F group and 14 from the P group completed the 12-month study without weight loss differences. Glycemic regulation improved along with the weight loss, but with a larger decline in plasma C-peptide and fasting glucose levels on the F group (P < .05). Total skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GS) activity increased by 31% in the F group (P < .01) and by 17% in the P group (nonsignificant) after 6 months of treatment, but was still less than the activity in normal-weight controls (aged 28.0 +/- 6.3 years; body mass index, 23.5 +/- 2.2). After adjustment for fasting glucose, insulin, weight loss, and diabetic state, a positive effect of F remained on the total GS activity, which accounted for 27% of the variation (P < .05). The waist to hip ratio was reduced in P subjects as compared with F subjects (P < .05). Fat-free mass (FFM) tended to be more reduced in the F group as compared with P subjects (4.9 v 1.9 kg), although the difference did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, F seems to improve insulin sensitivity beyond the effect mediated through weight loss by a possible effect on GS activity in skeletal muscle tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Suspected scaphoid fractures. Can we avoid overkill?

Among 231 patients with clinical signs of a fractured carpal scaphoid but negative primary radiographs, only 3 fractures of the scaphoid were finally diagnosed on subsequent radiological and clinical examinations. Two of these could be seen retrospectively in the primary radiographs. After an observation period of two to three weeks in dorsal plaster casts, 88.8% of the patients were discharged from the outpatient department as having soft-tissue injuries. They required no further treatment. This "overkill" is unsatisfactory, as we agree with other studies that almost 100% of factual fractures of the scaphoid bone are visible on initial radiographs of good quality, using 4 or 5 different views and evaluated by a senior radiologist. We propose a more stringent clinical inclusion into the category of "clinical scaphoid fracture" and the use of simple supportive bandages in an observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A controlled study on serum insulin-like growth factor-I and urinary excretion of growth hormone in fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: It has been hypothesized that secretory deficiencies of growth hormone may play a pathophysiological role in fibromyalgia (FM). Our objective was thus to evaluate the secretion of growth hormone in FM. METHODS: The 24-h urinary growth hormone excretion and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was measured in 17 middle aged women with FM and 19 healthy women. The degree of subjective sleep disturbance was also determined. RESULTS: Sleep was significantly more disturbed in the patients than the controls. We found no significant differences in the urinary excretion of growth hormone and serum levels of IGF-I between patients with FM and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Major secretory deficiencies were not documented. However, the power of our study does not allow us to discard the role of minor secretory deficiencies of human growth hormone in FM.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in fibromyalgia. A study of phosphate-31 spectra from skeletal muscles during rest and after exercise].

31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy of painful calf muscle was performed in 12 patients with fibromyalgia and 7 healthy subjects during rest, aerobic and anaerobic exercising conditions, and postexercise recovery. Ratios of inorganic phosphate and creatine phosphate (Pi/PCr) and pH were calculated from the collected 31P NMR spectra. Resting values of Pi/PCr were normal in the patients. Patients only tolerated 49% of the workload tolerated by the controls (P = 0.005). Patients and controls had similar rates of Pi/PCr and pH changes during work and recovery. The controls were able to change their Pi/PCr and pH more than the patients, due to the greater workload reached. However, statistical significance was only reached for the anaerobic static exercise (P = 0.003). It was concluded that fibromyalgia patients have a reduced voluntary capacity for work, but with a biochemical response to work and recovery similar to healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Muscle function and origin of pain in fibromyalgia.

It may be concluded that both peripheral and central mechanisms may operate in the pathophysiology of both impaired muscle function and pain in FM. These mechanisms may in part be attributable to physical deconditioning and disuse of muscle secondary to the characteristic pain and fatigue so often seen in FM. Most likely the initiation of this condition is multifactorial and the combination of peripheral and central factors that constitute a vicious circle may perpetuate the condition into a chronic state.

Fibromyalgia↗
PubMed1994

Removal of internal fixation--the effect on patients' complaints: a study of 66 cases of removal of internal fixation after malleolar fractures.

To estimate the effect of removal of internal fixation after treatment of malleolar fractures on postoperatively presented complaints, we retrospectively evaluated 66 patients by their records and by personal questionnaires. Of all the patients, 89.4% had one or more complaints. These were typically soreness over implant and cicatrix, reduced movement of the ankle joint, and strain-related pain. About 75% of these patients reported improvement after removal. The AO mode of fixation, i.e., typically by lateral semitubular plating and transsyndesmotic screw and a medial screw or pins, and the Wiberg-Cedell mode, i.e., typically consisting of lateral single or double cerclage and staple and medial pinning, constituted the principal groupings of the patients. The two groups were comparable. In this series, we found significantly more complaints associated with the AO mode in the postoperative period. We conclude that removal of internal fixation after malleolar fractures is indicated when common types of complaints are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Apophyseal avulsions of the pelvis and proximal femur].

Avulsion fractures of the pelvic and proximal femoral apophyseal centres are not uncommonly seen in adolescent athletes engaged in vigorous sports. They are the result of strong or uncoordinated muscular traction, and are the equivalents of muscle or tendon pulls in mature athletes. They are particularly seen in athletics, soccer, rugby, ice hockey and break dance. They involve the anterior third of the iliac crest, the anterior iliac spines, the tuber ischiadicum, the symphysis pubis and the trochanter minor. The radiographic and clinical diagnosis, symptoms and signs, treatment and prognosis are well described in the orthopaedic literature and this literature is evaluated here. The fractures are easily and almost exclusively treated conservatively, and will only in a few cases result in a lasting functional disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Pleuropulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. A casuistic reminder].

A case of pleuropulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the form of persistent pleuritis and effusion in a 58 year old male patient with known RA is presented. The well-known pleuropulmonary complications of RA pleurisy, interstitial fibrosis, effusion, rheumatoid nodules and Caplan's syndrome can occur in sero-negative patients without primary articular symptoms and therefore pose difficult problems in differential diagnosis. These problems can be partially overcome by thoracoscopic visualization of the often characteristic changes of the parietal pleura: hyperemia, vasculitis and rheumatoid nodules and histochemical examination of the pleural liquid will show low glucose concentration, high protein concentration, elevated lactate-dehydrogenase concentration, acid pH and a characteristic cytomorphology with mononuclear and neutrophil leucocytes in typical cases. The pleuropulmonary manifestations can sometimes be successfully treated with a combination of NSAIDs and methotrexate.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of hip fractures in a department of general surgery and a department of orthopedic surgery. A comparison].

All patients treated for fractures of the hip in 1989 in a department of general surgery and a department of orthopedics were included in this study. Data regarding demographics, length of hospitalization, rehabilitation, postoperative complications, types of fractures and modes of operation were retrospectively registered and compared. Mean length of hospitalization was significantly longer and the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the department of general surgery when compared to the specialized department of orthopedics especially with regard to wound infections and the formation of bedsores. We tentatively propose reasons for these differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A four-year follow-up study in fibromyalgia. Relationship to chronic fatigue syndrome.

The primary objectives of this study were to examine to what extent fibromyalgia patients later on developed presumpted causative somatic diseases and to examine symptoms and muscle strength some years after the diagnosis of fibromyalgia was established. A secondary objective was to describe the overlap between fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Only in two of 91 the muscle pain was found to be caused by another somatic disease during the median 4 year follow-up period. In one of the 83 attending subjects a somatic disease associated with muscle symptoms was established at the follow-up visit. 60 out of 83 reported increased pain, 8 reported improvement of pain. The 83 subjects showed no significant fall in muscle strength during the follow-up period. The majority reported severe fatigue but only one fifth fulfilled the proposed chronic fatigue syndrome criteria.

Adult↗