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S Jørgensen

Publications and source records attributed to S Jørgensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Neutral genetic variation among wild North American populations of the weedy plant Arabidopsis thaliana is not geographically structured.

We investigated neutral genetic variation within and among 53 wild-collected populations of the weedy annual plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, in North America, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A. thaliana is thought to have been introduced to North America from Eurasia by humans; such an introduction might be expected to leave a clear geographical signal in the genetic data. To detect such patterns, we sampled populations at several hierarchical geographical levels. We collected individuals from populations in two areas of the Southeast and one in the Midwest, as well as individuals from populations in the Pacific Northwest and Northeast. To estimate within-population variation, we sampled eight individuals from each of six populations in the Southeast and Midwest. Among all 95 individuals analysed, we detected 131 polymorphic AFLP fragments. We found no evidence for continental or regional diversification. Individuals sampled from Midwestern and Southeastern populations intermingled in a neighbour-joining tree, and Mantel tests conducted within the Midwestern and Southeastern regions as well as the full data set failed to detect any significant relationship between geographical and genetic distance. These results mirror those found for most global surveys of neutral genetic variability in A. thaliana. Surprisingly, we detected substantial amounts of neutral genetic variability within populations. The levels of genetic variation within populations, coupled with the nongeographical nature of divergence among populations, are consistent with contemporary gene flow and point to a complex and dynamic population history of A. thaliana in North America.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2003

Enhanced secretion of heterologous cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by a mutant of Bacillus licheniformis defective in the D-alanylation of teichoic acids.

AIMS: To examine whether inactivation of the dlt operon and increased charge density of the wall enhances secretion of heterologous proteins in industrial strains of Bacillus licheniformis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The dltA gene of B. licheniformis was cloned, sequenced and mutated by inserting a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene cassette. The mutation facilitated growth in the late exponential growth phase, increased endogenous autolysis and decreased resistance to a cationic peptide, polylysine. It was observed that dltA mutation increased the production of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) by 1.5- to sevenfold depending on the growth phase, but decreased the production of penicillinase by twofold. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest that the d-alanylation of teichoic acids is an element that can be used to improve the production of some secretory proteins in industrial applications based on this important industrial microorganism.

Alanine↗
PubMed2002

Short and long term prognostic importance of regional dyskinesia versus akinesia in acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic importance of dyskinesia after acute myocardial infarction is unknown, and recommendations have been made that dyskinesia be included in calculations of wall motion index (WMI). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether it is necessary to distinguish between dyskinesia and akinesia when WMI is estimated for prognostic purposes following acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Multicentre prospective study. PATIENTS: 6676 consecutive patients, screened one to six days after acute myocardial infarction in 27 Danish hospitals. INTERVENTIONS: WMI was measured in 6232 patients, applying the nine segment model, scoring 3 for hyperkinesia, 2 for normokinesia, 1 for hypokinesia, 0 for akinesia, and -1 for dyskinesia. Calculation of WMI either included information on dyskinesia or excluded this information by giving dyskinesia the same score as akinesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Long term outcome (up to seven years) with respect to mortality. RESULTS: Dyskinesia occurred in 673 patients (10.8%). In multivariate analysis, WMI was an important prognostic factor, with a relative risk of 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2 to 2.7), while dyskinesia had no independent long term prognostic importance (relative risk 1.00; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.12). For 30 day mortality dyskinesia had a relative risk of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.53) (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular systolic function shortly after an acute myocardial infarct gives important prognostic information, but the presence of dyskinesia only has prognostic importance for the first 30 days.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Breast cancer surgery in Norway 1990-95 illustrated by data from SINTEF United].

BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving therapy has been shown to be as effective as mastectomy in many cases; hence in many countries more breast cancer patients are offered this type of treatment. This study focuses on the amount and type of surgery used in Norway for breast cancer patients and the possible use of hospital discharge data to evaluate the diffusion of this surgical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the nationwide Register of Hospital Discharges in Norway at SINTEF Unimed for patients operated for breast cancer from 1990 to 1995 were used. RESULTS: 11,041 patients were registered with 11,727 hospital admissions for breast cancer operations from a total of 64 hospitals. The discrepancy in the number of breast cancer patients with the National Cancer Registry was 7%. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in 19.7%. An increase from 17% in 1990 to 21% in 1995 was found, but with variations according to type of hospital, county and age of patients. INTERPRETATION: The percentage of breast conserving surgery is still low in Norway; this indicates that many women are not offered this type of surgery. With some caution, the data from SINTEF Unimed can be used to reflect the clinical practice over time at Norwegian hospitals. Further improvements could be obtained if national identity numbers were added to the database.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Consequences of overutilization and underutilization of thrombolytic therapy in clinical practice. TRACE Study Group. TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences, measured as mortality and in-hospital stroke, of the use of thrombolytic therapy among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), who do not fulfill accepted criteria or who have contraindications to thrombolytic therapy (i.e., overutilization) and among patients who are withheld thrombolytic treatment despite fulfilling indications and having no contraindications (i.e., underutilization). BACKGROUND: The implementation of treatment with thrombolysis in clinical practice is not in accordance with the accepted criteria from randomized studies. The consequence has been over- and underutilization of thrombolytic therapy among patients with AMI in clinical practice. The outcome of overutilization of thrombolytic therapy has not been described previously. METHODS: We examined 6,676 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with an AMI and recorded characteristics, in-hospital complications and long-term mortality. RESULTS: Overall, 41% of the patients received thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic therapy was underutilized in 14.3% and overutilized in 12.9% of the patients. The use of thrombolytic therapy was associated with reduced mortality in every subgroup examined, including patients without an accepted indication, with an accepted indication and in patients with prior stroke. The risk ratio of in-hospital stroke was not increased in connection with thrombolytic therapy, not even in patients with prior stroke (relative risk = 0.237, 95% confidence interval: 0.031 to 1.810, p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: With the large benefit known to be associated with thrombolytic therapy and the favorable result of thrombolytic therapy in patients with contraindications observed in this study, we conclude that a formal evaluation of thrombolytic therapy in wider patient categories is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Capsular contracture after cosmetic breast implant surgery in Denmark.

The authors investigated the association between the occurrence of capsular contracture and implant and patient characteristics. All women with breast implants from 1977 to 1997 were identified from the files of two private plastic surgery clinics in Denmark. Information on implant and patient characteristics, surgical procedure, and complications was obtained through medical records and self-administered questionnaires. Of 754 women (1,572 implants), average age at implantation was 32 years. Implant types were silicone double lumen, textured, 31.2%; silicone single lumen, textured, 27.8%; silicone single lumen, smooth, 24.5%; silicone double lumen, smooth, 0.8%; and other or missing, 15.7%. Placement was submuscular for more than 90% of implants. Capsular contracture occurred in 7.9% of implanted breasts, on an average of 621 days postoperatively, with 51.6% being bilateral. Overall, 66.1% of capsular contractures were recorded within the first 12 months postoperatively, and 79.0% were recorded within 24 months. Double-lumen implants were associated with a significantly (p < 0.01) reduced occurrence of capsular contracture. In summary, capsular contracture typically occurs within the first 2 years of implantation. Host factors may be important because more than half the capsular contractures in the current study were bilateral. Occurrence of capsular contracture did not appear to be associated with implant surface or placement, occurrence of local complications, or patient characteristics, although these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A prospective, controlled, randomized study of the effect of a slow-release silver device on the frequency of urinary tract infection in newly catheterized patients.

OBJECTIVE: To test the effect on urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients needing continuous indwelling catheterization, of a newly designed urine-collecting system containing an antibacterial device which slowly releases silver ions onto the inner surface of the system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised a prospective controlled randomized trial; 213 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were randomized to a urine drainage system (comprising a Unometer 400 metering system or PP 2000N closed urine-bag system, both from Maersk Medical, Denmark) either with or without the antibacterial device. The efficacy was assessed as the number of UTIs and the time to infection in the 170 patients eligible for analysis. RESULTS: There were fewer UTIs in those using the system containing the antibacterial device (19% vs 24%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The potential importance of different infection routes were highlighted, suggesting that modifications to Foley catheters and urine-collecting systems attempting to prevent UTIs should focus not only on the intraluminal pathway, but on the internal and external pathways of infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Long-term prognostic importance of hyperkinesia following acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

The long-term prognostic importance of hyperkinesia is unknown following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The American Society of Echocardiography recommends that hyperkinesia should not be included in calculation of wall motion index (WMI). The objective of the present study was to determine if hyperkinesia should be included in WMI when it is estimated for prognostic purposes following an AMI. Six thousand, six hundred seventy-six consecutive patients were screened 1 to 6 days after AMI in 27 Danish hospitals. WMI was measured in 6,232 patients applying the 9-segment model and the following scoring system: 3 for hyperkinesia, 2 for normokinesia, 1 for hypokinesia, 0 for akinesia, and -1 for dyskinesia. All patients were followed with respect to mortality for at least 3 years. WMI was calculated in 2 different ways: 1 including hyperkinetic segments (hyperkinetic-WMI) and the other excluding nonhyperkinetic segments (nonhyperkinetic-WMI) by converting the hyperkinetic segments to normokinetic segments. Hyperkinesia occurred in 736 patients (11.8%). WMI was an important prognostic factor (relative risk 2.49; p = 0.0001) for long-term mortality together with heart failure, history of hypertension, angina, or diabetes, previous AMI, age, thrombolytic therapy, arrhythmias, and bundle branch block. In a multivariate analysis including nonhyperkinetic-WMI, hyperkinesia was associated with a relative risk of 0.84, which was statistically significant (confidence intervals 0.74 to 0.96; p = 0.01). When hyperkinesia was included, both in WMI (hyperkinetic-WMI) and as an independent variable, no additional prognostic information (relative risk 0.93; p = 0.26) was obtained. An echocardiographic evaluation shortly after an AMI gave important prognostic information, especially if the information concerning hyperkinesia was included. If WMI is used for prognostic purposes, hyperkinesia should be included in calculation of the index.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Importance of colonic bacterial fermentation in short bowel patients: small intestinal malabsorption of easily digestible carbohydrate.

The small intestine's large capacity for glucose absorption and for adaptation seems to contradict the reported importance of carbohydrate malabsorption in short bowel (SB) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of malabsorption in these patients ingesting realistic amounts of carbohydrates. We performed a dose-response study [ingestion of increasing amounts of glucose and complex carbohydrates (boiled rice and wheat bread), and the nonabsorbable disaccharide lactulose] in SB patients with an intact colon. The hydrogen (H2) -breath test and changes in serum acetate were used to evaluate colonic fermentation and, thus, indirectly, the lack of small intestinal carbohydrate assimilation. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured to evaluate absorption. Plasma concentrations of the ileal brake hormones--glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)--were measured to test whether release of these hormones was related to colonic fermentation. Significant amounts of 25 g and 50 g glucose, and of the bread and rice meals were fermented rather than absorbed, as judged by the increases in end-expiratory H2. Serum acetate concentrations were significantly higher in SB patients than in healthy controls. The orocecal transit times of all test meals ranged from 15 to 120 min. GLP-1 and PYY releases in SB patients were significantly higher than in healthy volunteers. They were mutually parallel and paralleled the increase in insulin. They were not related to ongoing fermentation or to intraluminal carbohydrate content per se, but most probably to absorption of glucose in the distal bowel. In conclusion, well-adapted SB patients had pronounced small intestinal malabsorption of carbohydrate, even after ingestion of small amounts of easily absorbable carbohydrates. A fast small intestinal spreading of carbohydrates, once in the small intestine, and a spill-over to the colon seem to explain the data best.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Age-distribution, risk factors and mortality in smokers and non-smokers with acute myocardial infarction: a review. TRACE study group. Danish Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

Smoking is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction; paradoxically, many studies have shown a lower post-infarct mortality among smokers. There are some important differences between smokers and non-smokers, which might explain the observed difference in mortality: smokers have less multivessel disease and atherosclerosis but are more thrombogenic; thrombolytic therapy seems to be more effective among smokers; smoking might result in an increased out-of-hospital mortality rate, by being more arrhythmogenic; and smokers are on average a decade younger than non-smokers at the time of infarction, and have less concomitant disease. Adjusting for these differences in regression analyses shows that smoking is not an independent risk factor for mortality after acute myocardial infarction. The difference in age and risk factors are responsible for the lower mortality among smokers.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1998

Changes in absolute and relative importance in the prognostic value of left ventricular systolic function and congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

Changes in the importance of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF) with time after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after the introduction of thrombolytic therapy have not been studied. LV systolic function, measured as wall motion index (WMI) by echocardiography, was assessed in 6,676 consecutive patients with an enzyme-confirmed AMI. So that changes in the prognostic value of WMI or CHF could be studied, separate analyses were performed at selected time periods. Average monthly mortality (deaths per 100 patients per month) was determined from life-table analyses, with groups divided by WMI above and below 1.2 (a WMI > 1.2 corresponds to an ejection fraction > 0.35) or by presence and/or absence of CHF. Relative risk (95% confidence intervals [CI]) was determined by proportional hazard models, including baseline characteristics. In patients with LV dysfunction or CHF, monthly mortality was high during the first month (18.3 +/- 1.6% and 20.2 +/- 1.6%, respectively), decreased during the first year, and was stable thereafter (0.8 +/- 0.1% and 1.0 +/- 0.1%, respectively, average monthly mortality after year 3). The relative risk of LV dysfunction decreased from 2.4 (CI 2.0 to 2.9) to 1.3 (CI 1.0 to 1.6) in the same period. The relative risk of CHF decreased from 2.9 (CI 2.3 to 3.8) to 1.6 (CI 1.3 to 2.0). In patients without LV dysfunction or CHF, monthly mortality was relatively high during the first month (5.2% +/- 0.7% and 3.4% +/- 0.6%, respectively) but decreased within the first year to low, stable values (0.6% +/- 0.1% and 0.4% +/- 0.1%, respectively, average monthly mortality after year 3). In patients who received thrombolytic therapy, the relative risk associated with a WMI < or = 1.2 decreased from 3.0 (CI 2.0 to 4.4) to 1.3 (CI 0.9 to 1.6) and from 3.2 (CI 2.0 to 5.1) to 1.7 (CI 1.2 to 2.4) in patients with CHF. The risk of dying decreases steeply with time after an AMI with or without LV dysfunction or CHF and stabilizes at low values after 1 year. This is in contrast to the relative importance of these risk factors, which is maintained for > or = 5 years but decreases with time.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Delay from start of symptoms to hospital admission among 5.978 patients with acute myocardial infarction].

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of patient characteristics on delay between onset of symptoms and hospital admission (patient delay) in acute myocardial infarction. A group of 6676 consecutive patients with AMI, admitted alive to 27 Danish hospitals from 1990 to 1992, were studied. Due to missing information on delay or in hospital acute myocardial infarction 698 patients were excluded. Mean patient delay was 9.1 hours, median delay 3.25 hours (5 to 95 percentiles: 0.67-40 hours). In multivariate logistic regression analysis patient delay was independently associated with male gender, increased age, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular systolic function (wall motion index), onset from midnight to 6 a.m., onset on a weekday, history of angina pectoris, chest pain as initial symptom, ventricular fibrillation or-tachycardia, Killip class > or = 3, presence of ST-elevation and ST-depressions. In conclusion, patient delay continues to be disappointingly long. This also applies to patients with a high risk of acute myocardial infarction (notably history of diabetes mellitus and angina pectoris).

Aged↗
PubMed1997

A review of 20 years of jejunoileal bypass.

BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of jejunoileostomy for morbid obesity were studied 15-20 years after surgery, in 60 patients. METHODS: A total of 141 patients underwent surgery during the years 1973 to 1979. Thirty-four (24%) had had bowel continuity reestablished because of side effects. Eight (5.6%) were dead, 4 (2.8%) had emigrated, and 11 (7.8%) lived in remote areas, leaving 84 patients for follow-up. Sixty of these patients agreed to participate in the study. Seventy-seven per cent of the study population were women, with a mean age of 50 years. RESULTS: The average weight loss was 50.2 kg; only one patient had regained the preoperative weight. The average weight was 84.2 kg. Reported side effects were 1) gastrointestinal: diarrhoea (61.7%), bad defecation smells (60%), and meteorism (11.7%), and 2) systemic: arthralgia (18.3%) and symptomatic nephro/cholelithiasis (18.3%). Forty-two patients (70% of the participants) found the results acceptable/satisfactory. Nine patients (15%) had vitamin B12 injections regularly; another 22 (35%) were found to have a low cobalamin level, and 35 patients (58%) had reduced P-magnesium. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level was low in 26 patients (43%), parathyroid hormone values were increased in 18 (30%). Fifty-seven patients (95%) had a P-carotene value lower than the normal limit. CONCLUSION: These results stress the need for continuous control and supplementary therapy.

Female↗
PubMed1996

The effect of ephedrine plus caffeine on smoking cessation and postcessation weight gain.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of ephedrine and caffeine on smoking cessation rates, postcessation weight gain, and withdrawal symptoms and to examine changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after smoking cessation. METHODS: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study with a 1-year follow-up period was carried out at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in Denmark. Study subjects were 225 heavy smokers who wanted to quit smoking without gaining weight. Two-thirds of the subjects were randomized to receive 20 mg ephedrine plus 200 mg caffeine three times a day; one-third of the subjects received placebo treatment. The dosage was gradually decreased from week 12 to discontinuation at week 39. Group support and control were performed at entry and after 1, 3, 6, 12, 26, 39, and 52 weeks. Main outcome measures were (1) self-reported abstinence with validation by carbon monoxide in expired air and serum cotinine and (2) weight gain. RESULTS: The success rates after 1 year were 17% in the group treated with ephedrine plus caffeine and 16% in the group treated with placebo; the success rates were not significantly different at any time. The success rates for the four counseling physicians varied between 7% and 27% after 1 year (p < 0.05). The weight gain was significantly lower in the ephedrine plus caffeine-treated group during the first 12 weeks, but weight gains were similar after 1 year. No differences in the smoking withdrawal symptoms could be observed between the treatment groups. HbA1c was lower 6 weeks and 1 year after smoking cessation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found an effect of this combination of ephedrine and caffeine on weight gain during the first 12 weeks, but we found no effect on the success rates or craving for cigarettes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Determinants of delay between symptoms and hospital admission in 5978 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The TRACE Study Group. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation.

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of patient characteristics on delay between onset of symptoms and hospital admission (patient delay) in acute myocardial infarction, and especially to assess the impact of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction on patient delay. A group of 6676 consecutive patients with enzyme-confirmed acute myocardial infarction, admitted alive to 27 Danish hospitals over a 26 month period from 1990 to 1992, were studied. Due to missing information on delay or in-hospital acute myocardial infarction 698 patients were excluded, leaving 5978 patients for analysis. Mean patient delay was 9.1 h, median delay 3.25 h (5 to 95 percentiles: 0.67-40.0 h). Thirty-four percent were admitted within the first 2 h, 68% within 6 h and 81% within 12 h of onset of symptoms. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a greater than 2 h patient delay was independently associated with male gender (odds ratio (OR) = 0.809, P = 0.003), increased age (P = 0.0001), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.269, P = 0.03), left ventricular systolic function (wall motion index) (P = 0.02), onset from midnight to 0600h (OR = 1.434, P = 0.0001), onset on a weekday (OR = 0.862, P = 0.04), history of angina pectoris (OR = 1.198, P = 0.02), chest pain as initial symptom (OR = 1.293, P = 0.02), ventricular fibrillation (OR = 0.562, P = 0.0001), ventricular tachycardia (OR = 0.620, P = 0.0001), Killip class > or = 3 (OR = 0.709 P = 0.002), presence of ST elevation (OR = 0.810, P = 0.01) and ST depressions (OR = 0.847, P = 0.01). All these variables, except history of diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, and chest pain as an initial symptom were also associated with a delay of more than 6 h. Thrombolytic therapy was administered to 55.8% of patients admitted within 2 h of an acute myocardial infarction, 48.5% of patients admitted within 2-6 h, 31.5% of patients admitted after 6-12 h and 11.9% of patients arriving later than 12 h after start of symptoms. CONCLUSION. Patient delay continues to be disappointingly long. This also applies for patients at a high risk of acute myocardial infarction (notably those with a history of diabetes mellitus and angina pectoris).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Recycling of hard-core smokers with nicotine nasal spray.

The primary aim of this smoking cessation study was to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with nicotine nasal spray in a group of hard-core smokers. A further aim was to compare the effect of ad libitum with fixed dosage of nasal nicotine spray. Eighty nine smokers, failures from two earlier studies with nicotine patches, were enrolled in an open smoking cessation study with nicotine nasal sprays, to be used ad libitum (n=45) or on a fixed schedule of 1 mg x h-1 during the day (n= 44). Carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence from smoking beyond Week 2, was 39% at 3 weeks, 12% at 3 months, 10% at 6 months and 6% after 1 yr, with no significant difference in success rate between ad libitum and fixed dosing. Mean daily nicotine dose was 15-16 mg during the first 3 months (range 2-65 mg). Tolerance to local irritating side-effects of nicotine developed during the first weeks of use. Although short-term outcome was promising, the long-term success rate in this group of hardcore smokers was low. Other recycling set-ups are warranted, which might include more aggressive nicotine dosing.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

[The imposition of hands].

Details of the laying on of hands can be found in The Old Testament. Here there are accounts of diseases being cured and evil spirits being exorcised by the laying of hands. In the account of the Flood, approx. 3000 B.C. in the ancient Babylonic writings of Gilgames the Bablonian Utu-nipishtim and his wife were blessed after having saved their lives in the ark during the Flood. They were blessed by the Gods nestor Entil and consequently got divine powers for the rest of their lives. Anointing oil and the laying on of hands were known in Israel from Abrahams time approx. 1900 B.C. The New Testament tells of many cases of laying on of hands and healing of body and mind diseases by Jesus and his disciples. The method of healing by touch and anointing was continued by the High Priests and Kings who benefited by the fact that the people believed they could transfer their divine healing powers. The tradition continues through the Middle Ages to recent times through the French and English Kings to about 1830 and 1680 respectively. The medical use of touching a patient to diagnose seems to have lost ground with the possibilities which has developed since the discovery of the X-ray 100 years ago. SPECT: Single Photon Emission Tomography and PET: Positron Emission Tomography. The clinical use of laying on of hands has got a new perspective with the discovery and development of the bidigital O-ring test which can be used without the use of high technology. As yet there is little scientific acceptance of the value of this method of diagnosis.

Diagnosis↗