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Biomedical subjects

S J Withrow

Publications and source records attributed to S J Withrow.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The use of plastic plates for fixation of spinal fractures in the dog.

Plastic plates are a rapid and easy method to realign and stabilize the spinal column following a traumatic injury and may give greater bone-to-plate contact than metal plates. They distribute the pressure on the spinous processes over a larger surface area although plate slippage and spinous process fractures can occur as with any plate. Laminectomies should not be a routine procedure with plating but each patient should be evaluated individually and autogenous bone grafts may be used to advantage to promote fusion of vertebral bodies. In the two cases presented, the plastic plates achieved their purpose. However, it is essential that fusion of the vertebrae occurs before the plates slip or the spinous processes fracture.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nasal tumors in the dog: retrospective evaluation of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

The records of 43 dogs with nasal tumors (1969- 1974) were evaluated in retrospect. The median age at diagnosis was 10 years. Most affected dogs were bloody nasal discharge, sneezing, and nasal bone deformities. A new method of obtaining tissure for cytologic and histologic evalution proved to be accurate in making a definitive diagnosis in 50% of the cases evaluated. Affected dogs were treated by surgery, surgery plus immunotherapy, or not at all. The results of those treated by surgery alone were no better than those not treated.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Symposium on surgical techniques in small animal practice. Cryosurgery in the treatment of perianal fistulae.

The advantages of cryosurgery over resection techniques in treating perianal fistulae include low recurrence rate, low incidence of incontinence, ease of performance, the relatively short amount of time required for the procedure, and minimal blood loss. If the disease is diagnosed and treated early in its course, complete resolution may be expected after one cryosurgical procedure. However several months and more than one surgical procedure are sometimes required in severe cases. The prognosis is good to excellent, depending on the stage and severity of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and histopathology for determining the proximal extent of distal radius osteosarcoma in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and histopathology for determining the proximal extent of distal radius osteosarcoma in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty client-owned dogs taken to Colorado State University with osteosarcoma of the distal radius. METHODS: Medical records of 20 dogs with confirmed osteosarcoma that underwent a limb-salvage procedure were reviewed. Measurements were performed directly from the lateral view of each radius, from both the scintigram and the radiograph, to determine the length of the radius and the distance from the proximal extent of the tumor to the distal radiographic or scintographic extent of the radius. The ratio of distal radial involvement to total radius length was calculated. A similar ratio was also determined using the macroslide, which included the entire portion of bone that was excised during the limb-salvage procedure. All 3 methods of measurement were compared. RESULTS: Nuclear scintigraphy significantly overestimated tumor length when compared with macroslide specimen measurements. Radiography also overestimated tumor length, but these results were not significantly different from macroslide specimen measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Both radiography and nuclear scintigraphy overestimate the extent of distal radius osteosarcoma in dogs when compared with histopathologic macroslides of the same lesions. Nuclear scintigraphy overestimated tumor extent to a larger degree than did radiography. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although radiography is a more accurate method of measurement of the extent of distal radius osteosarcoma, because nuclear scintigraphy overestimates tumor length to a greater degree, scintigraphy may provide a larger margin of safety for determining the site of proximal osteotomy during a limb-salvage procedure. However, caution should be taken when utilizing scintigraphy, because this method may overestimate length of radius involved to such an extent as to cause the surgeon to believe that a patient is not a suitable limb-salvage candidate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung resection using surgical staples in dogs and cats.

Thirty seven dogs and cats were subjected to lobectomy, partial lobectomy, or pneumonectomy using stapling equipment. The most common indication was neoplasia. No operative, perioperative, or long-term deaths could be attributed to the use of staples: complications were minimal. Staple resection was believed to be safe, fast, and efficient for removal of various segments of canine and feline lung.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ureterocolonic anastomosis in ten dogs with transitional cell carcinoma.

Ureterocolonic anastomosis (UCA) was performed in 10 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder trigone or the urethra, or both. All grossly visible tumor was excised. All of the dogs recovered from anesthesia and surgery and had anal continence with no urine leakage. One dog died of undetermined causes 7 days after surgery. Nine dogs survived 1 to 5 months. The owners of eight of the dogs considered their dog's quality of life to be acceptable. Four dogs were euthanatized because of neurologic disease, three of which also had nausea and vomiting. The neurologic and gastrointestinal signs may have been caused by hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis, and uremia. Blood ammonia levels were elevated in two dogs with neurologic signs. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis that was reversible with bicarbonate therapy was diagnosed in five dogs. All of the dogs were azotemic because of intestinal recycling of urea. Serum creatinine concentrations increased in four dogs after surgery. Drug-induced renal disease may have developed in two dogs. Pyelonephritis developed in five kidneys, two of which had outflow obstruction and two had bilateral hydroureteronephrosis before the UCA. In this small number of dogs, surgical excision of transitional cell carcinoma was not curative with six dogs having confirmed metastatic lesions at the time of death.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Billroth II gastrojejunostomy in dogs. Stapling technique and postoperative complications.

Billroth II gastrojejunostomy was performed with surgical staplers in 6 dogs that were not irradiated and in 11 dogs that subsequently received radiation to the pancreas and proximal part of the duodenum. The dogs were monitored clinically for 135 days and then euthanatized and necropsied. Each gastrojejunostomy site was preserved in formalin and the stomal diameter was measured. No mechanical complications were encountered with the use of surgical staplers and no leakage was observed at the staple closure sites before abdominal closure. All dogs vomited approximately 100 ml of coagulated blood 4 to 8 hours after surgery, and 300 to 400 ml of brown fluid after approximately 24 hours. Vomiting was the most common clinical finding after the first 24 hours. Vomiting was subjectively graded from 1 to 3 with grade 1 representing the least severe problem and grade 3 the most severe. Grade 1 vomiting occurred in 12 of 16 dogs that survived 135 days; in the other four dogs, vomiting was classified as grade 2 or 3. All dogs with grade 1 vomiting had stomal diameters of 1.7 to 2.9 cm (mean, 2.2 +/- 0.4 cm standard deviation). Dogs with grade 2 or 3 vomiting had stomal diameters of 2.2 to 4.0 cm (mean, 3.2 +/- 0.8 cm standard deviation). The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The percentage of weight gained or lost was recorded for each dog. Two nonirradiated dogs gained body weight, whereas the other nonirradiated dogs and all irradiated dogs lost body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraoperative irradiation of 16 spontaneously occurring canine neoplasms.

Sixteen dogs with malignant neoplasms were treated with intraoperative radiation therapy after surgical debulking. Fractionated external beam radiation therapy was given postoperatively to 11 dogs. Healing of surgical incisions was uncomplicated in 14 dogs. When the ureters or urinary bladder were included in the irradiation field, they became stenotic and fibrotic. Urinary incontinence and secondary renal injury were common. Local tumor control was poor regardless of site or tumor type.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of three surgical methods for treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy of dogs.

Sixty-four dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (CCSM) caused by chronic degenerative disc disease were treated with ventral decompression (n = 20), linear traction and interbody screw stabilization (n = 7), or linear traction and plastic plate stabilization (n = 37). Interbody screw stabilization was ineffective in treating CCSM because of an unacceptably high rate of implant failures. Ventral decompression or linear traction and plastic plate stabilization were effective in the treatment of most patients with mild to moderate neurologic deficits (neck pain, paraparesis, or ambulatory tetraparesis). Although these techniques were also used successfully in some patients with severe neurologic deficits (weakly ambulatory tetraparesis or nonambulatory tetraparesis), variable success rates and prolonged postoperative recovery periods were noted.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vulvovaginectomy and perineal urethrostomy for neoplasms of the vulva and vagina.

Vulvovaginectomy and perineal urethrostomy were performed in three dogs with extensive neoplasms of the vulva and vagina. One benign tumor (fibroleiomyoma) and two malignant tumors (transitional cell carcinoma and anaplastic spindle cell sarcoma) were diagnosed. Survival times were 9 weeks to 10 months. Urinary continence was preserved in all three dogs. The procedure may be curative for benign tumors or malignant tumors that have not yet metastasized; it is a palliative procedure for advanced malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partial or total hemipelvectomy in the management of sarcomas in nine dogs and two cats.

The functional results of partial or total hemipelvectomy in seven dogs and two cats with sarcomas involving the pelvis were excellent, and the cosmetic outcome was acceptable to all owners. Tumors in two dogs were inoperable. Locally recurrent cancer occurred in two animals and metastases occurred in three animals. Three dogs survived longer than 2.5 years and the overall and disease-free survival at 12 months was 62%. It appears that osteosarcoma of the pelvis is at least as aggressive as osteosarcoma of limbs and, unless effective adjuvant therapy is used, poorer survival results are likely in dogs with osteosarcoma than with other sarcomas of the pelvis. Hemipelvectomy is an aggressive surgical procedure that can be used successfully in selected dogs and cats with cancer involving the pelvis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resection of pulmonary metastases in canine osteosarcoma: 36 cases (1983-1992).

Thirty-six dogs underwent pulmonary metastatectomy for osteosarcoma. All patients had been treated for histologically confirmed osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. Treatment for the primary tumor consisted of amputation or a limb sparing procedure in conjunction with adjuvant chemotherapy, local radiation therapy, or both. Significant factors in determining prognosis included the disease-free interval (DFI) between treatment of the primary tumor and development of pulmonary metastases and the number of metastatic nodules present at surgery. Dogs that developed pulmonary metastases 300 days or more after diagnosis of the primary tumor had a median DFI of 128 days after metastatectomy. Dogs that developed pulmonary metastases fewer than 300 days after diagnosis had a median DFI of 58 days. Dogs with one or two metastatic nodules removed had a median DFI of 95 days, whereas dogs with three or more nodules removed had a median DFI of 53 days. The results of this study indicate that prognostic variables exist for dogs with metastatic pulmonary osteosarcoma and can help predict survival after metastatectomy. These variables are similar to the prognostic variables that have been determined for human patients undergoing pulmonary metastatectomy because of osteosarcoma. Though a controversial procedure, pulmonary metastatectomy seems to be a valid treatment option for selected dogs with metastatic pulmonary osteosarcoma.

Animals↗