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Biomedical subjects

S J Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to S J Wilson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Loss of antigenic properties of acetylcholine receptors in rat skeletal muscle after birth.

Antibodies in a myasthenic serum were used to follow the changes in antigenic properties of acetylcholine receptors in rat skeletal muscle during development. In binding assays at saturating concentrations of antigen or antibody, the antibodies reacted with extrajunctional receptors of fetal and denervated adult muscle but showed little binding to junctional receptors of adult rat muscle. They did, however, bind to junctional receptors of adult chicken muscle which, unlike rat receptors, do not appear to undergo a change in their channel properties during development. Binding studies with acetylcholine receptors of developing rat muscle carried out at saturating concentrations of antibody showed that the loss of antigenic determinant(s) begins at 1-2 days after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A critical period for formation of secondary myotubes defined by prenatal undernourishment in rats.

Rats fed a restricted diet during gestation and lactation gave birth to pups with about 60% the normal birthweight. Maintaining the undernutrition after birth reduced the rate of growth of the pups so that their body weights were only 40% of control at PN7. Soleus and lumbrical muscles in these animals had reduced numbers of muscle fibres, and quantitative examination of embryonic muscles revealed that this was due solely to a decreased formation of secondary myotubes; the number of primary myotubes remained normal. Undernutrition did not affect the number of motoneurones surviving normal developmental death. Restoration of normal dietary intake on E21, one day before birth, did not correct the deficit in muscle fibre numbers in soleus muscles examined when the animals reached one month of age. Development of the lumbrical muscle lags behind the soleus and unrestricted feeding from E21 onwards allowed a normal number of fibres to develop from this time on, although the initial deficit was never restored. These experiments define a critical period in muscle development during which the potential maximum number of secondary myotubes is determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Assaults against psychiatrists in outpatient settings.

Questionnaires were sent to 3800 psychiatrists in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware to investigate assaults against psychiatrists in outpatient settings. Ninety-one questionnaires were returned: 32 psychiatrists reported serious assaults (gun or knife), and 59 reported less serious assaults (object or physical attack). Significantly more personal injury and property damage resulted from the less serious assaults. Coping strategy was significantly related to the type of assault; positive verbal intervention was the most effective. Thirty-one (36%) of 87 respondents stated that they had moderate to strong feelings before the attack that the patient was potentially violent. Experienced psychiatrists were as likely to be victims of assault as were inexperienced psychiatrists. Forty-eight (59%) of 81 psychiatrists continued to treat the patients who had assaulted them. Only 20 (23%) of 87 psychiatrists had security arrangements at the time of the assault. The authors present four case vignettes which typify the different types of assaults, interventions, and outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine during parturition.

Nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain) is a relatively new agonist-antagonist analgesic, chemically related to both oxymorphone and naloxone, which can be used as a systemic obstetric analgesic. After intravenous administration to six patients in labor at term, serial maternal serum specimens were obtained and assayed for their nalbuphine concentration. The maternal disposition of nalbuphine followed a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, with an initial distribution phase of 4 to 20 minutes and a terminal elimination half-life of 2.4 +/- 0.4 hours. Measurement of umbilical cord blood nalbuphine concentrations demonstrated that nalbuphine crossed the placenta and entered the fetal circulation. Newborn concentrations varied substantially, ranging from one third to six times the simultaneous maternal concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of advancing pregnancy on the glucose tolerance test and on the 50-g oral glucose load screening test for gestational diabetes.

To determine the validity of the 50-g, one-hour glucose screening test for gestational diabetes in relation to the duration of pregnancy, 101 patients from a high-risk population had the screening test in the first trimester and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in the second and third trimesters. The sensitivity (88%) and specificity (82%) of the screening test were similar to values reported when the test is performed later in pregnancy. However, immediate follow-up GTTs in the second trimester revealed only 25% instead of 88% of the gestational diabetic patients uncovered by the positive screening tests. Guidelines for screening for gestational diabetes should include follow-up with a third-trimester GTT on all patients who have positive screening tests even in the presence of normal follow-up second trimester GTTs.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

The budget of lead, copper and cadmium for a major highway.

Data on deposition fluxes and concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper in road drainage water at proximate sites on the M6 motorway in northwest England have been analysed. The integration of fluxes over a year indicates that metal removal in road drainage water exceeds that deposited on the roadside verges, most markedly in the case of copper. From estimates of the source strength for lead, it is concluded that approximately 90% of emissions are dispersed by the atmosphere away from the immediate vicinity of the road. These findings are supported by estimation of integrated deposition since the opening of the road, derived from analysis of roadside soils.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1985

Status epilepticus in pregnancy. A case report.

Status epilepticus is a serious emergency that rarely complicates the management of the pregnant patient with seizure disorders. Because of concerns regarding the safety of anticonvulsion medications, this condition may appear with increasing frequency. Our management of such a case resulted in a healthy mother and infant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Safe disposal of some commonly used injectable antineoplastic drugs.

The disposal of unrequired, injectable antineoplastic drugs in hospital pharmacy departments has recently become a growing problem. In 1981, the manufacturers of these preparations were asked to provide advice on the disposal of their product(s). This article is a summary of the recommendations received from the manufacturers.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in the pregnant sheep.

Caffeine citrate in doses of 6.96 mg/kg (equivalent to 3.50 mg/kg of caffeine) of combined maternal and fetal weight and 69.6 mg/kg (35.0 mg/kg of caffeine) was administered in 1-dl solutions intravenously over ten minutes to chronically prepared pregnant sheep. The ewes and their fetuses were monitored for cardiovascular and acid-base status. The mean maternal and fetal caffeine concentrations were simultaneously evaluated with a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Fetal concentrations in excess of 80% of maternal concentrations were rapidly achieved and maintained. Caffeine was undetectable in all the maternal and fetal samples obtained 48 hours after the infusion. Both doses caused similar but slight reductions in uterine blood flow without adversely affecting fetal and maternal acid-base status. Only the higher concentration of the drug produced a significant maternal and fetal tachycardia. The high fetal concentrations of caffeine were believed to be responsible for the persistent fetal tachycardia.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1982

Fetal blood analysis. II. Effect of delayed assay on pH and lactate.

Fetal umbilical artery blood was analyzed for pH and lactate at intervals over a 3-hour period. No significant change occurred in pH over the first 30 minutes, despite a progressive rise in plasma lactate. The pH changes paralleled the lactate in an inverse relationship, but remained within the error of the method for the first hour. Lactate analysis should be considered for clinical use, for confirmation of pH observations. Also pH assays may be used in any hospital with a blood-gas capability, since a 30-minute delay within the assay does not materially alter the results. A laboratory in the delivery room area is not essential to proper use of fetal blood pH analysis.

Fetal Blood↗