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S J Wakefield

Publications and source records attributed to S J Wakefield.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Aspiration cytodiagnosis of breast carcinoma in pregnancy and lactation with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of an unusual mammary malignancy with pleomorphic giant cells.

We have reviewed our experience with 8,706 needle aspiration cytology (NAC) of the breast which were done from January 1983 to June 1991. During our study we diagnosed four cases of breast carcinomas (three ductal type and one with pleomorphic giant cells) in pregnant or lactating women; in all of these the cytologic findings corresponded with the subsequent tissue diagnosis and cell block preparations. Considering that carcinoma of breast during pregnancy and lactation is rare and is second only to cervical cancer, it was felt that its diagnosis by NAC was useful for timely management. In the case in which pleomorphic giant cells were present as an integral component of the tumour, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study was done. This is discussed in view of our recent experience with this unusual tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Needle aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy in a rare case of secretory carcinoma of the breast in an elderly woman.

Needle aspiration was performed on a breast mass in a 91-year-old woman. The cytologic features in the aspirate were a diffuse, prominent, intracytoplasmic vacuolization and secretion in malignant cells and occasional signet ring-like forms. This was confirmed in a subsequent cell block which was made from the aspirate. Immunocytochemical studies showed a positivity for mucin by alcian blue stain in the vacuolated cells which was periodic acid-Schiff positive and resistant to diastase digestion. Oil-red-O staining was negative and on Colloidal iron stain the tumour cells were positive. Immunopositivity to carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen was found in the malignant cells, while on electron microscopy the tumour cells contained a significant amount of intracytoplasmic secretory material. Secretory carcinoma of the breast is a rare tumour and can be diagnosed and differentiated from other breast carcinomas in view of its characteristic cytologic features.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Needle aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopic study of unusual pancreatic carcinoma with pleomorphic giant cells.

Needle aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry, and electron-microscopic findings are presented in three cases of an unusual pancreatic carcinoma in which pleomorphic giant cells formed an integral part of the tumour. All three patients were elderly males (age range 66-83 years) and had pancreatic masses. Notable cytologic features in all cases were the presence of bizarre mononucleated and multinucleated, poorly cohesive tumour giant cells, rare spindle cells, with occasional cannibalism and cytophagocytosis. Immunocytochemical study of aspirated material showed diffuse staining of cytokeratin and EMA within the tumour cells, while B 72.3 was seen as focal trace stain. Electron microscopy of aspirated material demonstrated epithelial features and these were characterised by the presence of tonofilaments and surface microvilli. Based on our findings, it is felt that the bizarre giant cells in this unusual variant of pancreatic carcinoma are of epithelial origin. The differential diagnosis of other tumours that may be associated with predominant giant cells in pancreatic aspirates is appropriately discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of metastatic pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas using fine catheter aspiration cytology.

The value of fine catheter aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of metastatic tumours is illustrated by a case of pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas which had metastasized to the peritoneal cavity. The finding of unequivocal malignant cells obviated the need for further diagnostic procedures. Electron microscopy and immunostaining further substantiated the light microscopic cytodiagnosis and identified the tumour type and source of the primary tumour. Furthermore, subsequent cell block preparation from the aspirated material demonstrated the histological features of this tumour.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Cytolysis of Bacillus subtilis by Fusarium oxysporum.

Growth of Fusarium oxysporum on heat-killed Bacillus subtilis cells was accompanied by the loss of bacterial cytoplasmic contents, and this 'cytolysis' could be catalysed in heat-treated bacteria by the fungal culture fluids. In electron micrographs the bacterial walls appeared undamaged, and the absence of wall-lytic enzymes was confirmed by use of isolated bacterial walls as substrate. Appearance of cytolytic activity in cultures was paralleled by the production of proteolytic activity in the cultures. Proteolysis and cytolysis had similar pH optima at 8.8-9.0. Cultures grown on casein, but not glucose, produced high cytolytic activity. Rapid cytolysis occurred when heat-treated B. subtilis cells were incubated with trypsin, subtilisin or pronase E. Viable bacteria, however, were not attacked, either by concentrated culture fluids or by the commercial protease preparations.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1991

The effects of comfrey derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids on rat liver.

Three groups of young adult rats were fed pyrrolizidine alkaloids derived from Russian comfrey to study the effects of the herb on the liver. Group I animals received a single dose of 200 mg/kg body wt, Group II 100 mg/kg three times a week for 3 weeks and Group III 50 mg/kg three times a week for 3 weeks. All rats showed light and electron-microscopic evidence of liver damage, the severity of which was dose dependent. There was swelling of hepatocytes and hemorrhagic necrosis of perivenular cells. There was a concomitant loss of sinusoidal lining cells with disruption of sinusoidal wall and the sinusoids were filled with cellular debris, hepatocyte organelles and red blood cells. Extravasation of red blood cells was evident. Terminal hepatic venules were narrowed by intimal proliferation, and in Group II and III, reiculin fibres radiated from these vessels. These appearances have been described in veno-occlusive disease due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids from other plant sources such as Senecio and Crotalaria. The safety of comfrey, a widely used herb, in relation to human consumption requires further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Polynesian bronchiectasis.

Six Polynesian children aged 8-14 years with recurrent lower respiratory infections and abnormal lung mucociliary clearance were assessed for immuno-deficiency. Measurements were made in these 6 children and in 21 healthy Polynesians of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement components (C3, C4), leucocyte function tests, and T and B cell populations. A further 8 Polynesian bronchiectatics were tested for sputum secretory-IgA. There was no evidence of S-IgA deficiency and 4 had high levels. There was no evidence of immunodeficiency. Nasal epithelium was obtained from 6 children using a cytology brush and ciliated epithelium was obtained in only 4. The ultrastructure was normal although few cilia were examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Mucociliary transport and ultrastructural abnormalities in Polynesian bronchiectasis.

Ciliated bronchial or nasal epithelium from 20 Polynesian bronchiectatic patients was examined in an electron microscope. In all patients there was a partial or complete loss of dynein arms. Also, in many patients other ciliary abnormalities were present with a high proportion, often over 25%, of cilia affected. This contrasts with a control group where ciliary abnormalities were infrequent. Mucociliary clearance, measured by imaging 99mTc sulfide dust with a gamma camera, was either absent or markedly reduced in these bronchiectatic patients.

Bronchi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinoma of the breast with malignant epithelial giant cells. Needle aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy in a rare case in a woman under 30.

Needle aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopic findings are described in a case of rare breast carcinoma with bizarre, malignant giant cells in a young female under age 30. The malignant tumors were found in both breasts; the first one was diagnosed when the patient was 23 years of age and the second one in the contralateral breast four years later. Based on our present findings, and in keeping with a similar case recently described by us as occurring in an elderly female, we thought that the bizarre giant cells in this rare breast carcinoma were of epithelial origin. The differential diagnosis of other conditions that may be associated with giant cells in breast aspirates is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy in a rare case of carcinoma of the breast with malignant epithelial giant cells.

The cytohistologic findings in a fine needle aspirate from a case of the rare breast carcinoma with bizarre tumor giant cells are described, along with the results of immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. The observations in this case suggest that the bizarre malignant giant cells in this type of breast cancer are of an epithelial origin, rather than a histiocytic-stromal origin. The other conditions that may yield giant cells in needle aspirates of breast masses are briefly discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study of the rare osteoclast-type carcinoma of the breast in a fine needle aspirate.

The cytologic findings in a fine needle aspirate from a case of the rare osteoclastlike carcinoma of the breast are described along with the immunocytochemical and ultrastructural findings. The ultrastructural and immunocytochemical findings suggest that the osteoclastlike giant cells in this type of carcinoma are not of epithelial origin, but rather are reactive and of a histiocytic-stromal origin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural findings in a case of rare carcinoma of the pancreas with predominance of malignant squamous cells in an intraoperative needle aspirate.

The cytologic diagnosis by intraoperative needle aspiration of a rare carcinoma of the pancreas composed predominantly of malignant squamous cells is reported. Both poorly differentiated and keratinized well-differentiated squamous cells were seen in the aspirate. Tissue for histologic confirmation was not obtained because of the position of the mass. Confirmatory ultrastructural and immunoperoxidase studies were thus done on the aspirated material to confirm the diagnosis.

Aged↗