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Biomedical subjects

S J Proctor

Publications and source records attributed to S J Proctor.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The place of staging laparotomy in the management of Hodgkin's disease.

The results of laparotomy and splenectomy in 225 patients with Hodgkin's disease are presented. The investigation changed the staging of the disease in 35% of patients. It carried no mortality and a low morbidity. It is concluded that the procedure provides information unobtainable accurately by other means and that it should be carried out in adult patients of both sexes and all histological subgroups who have clinical Stage I and II disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between human adipocyte and monocyte insulin binding.

The assumption that insulin binding to monocytes reflects that of insulin binding to adipocytes has been examined. In normal, diabetic, thyrotoxic and cirrhotic subjects no correlation was observed between monocyte and adipocyte insulin binding. Extrapolation is not justified from monocyte binding data to conclusions about insulin-sensitive tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of high-dose metoclopramide given by continuous infusion for the control of cytotoxic drug-induced vomiting.

To avoid the accumulation of metoclopramide that occurs with repeated i.v. bolus doses, a new regimen for the administration of high-dose metoclopramide consisting of a loading dose followed by a continuous infusion was investigated to determine the pharmacokinetics and antiemetic efficacy of the drug when given in this manner. Nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma entered the study, of whom six completed the study, receiving each of three dosage schedules of metoclopramide during three consecutive courses of chemotherapy. In these six patients plasma metoclopramide half-life was 5.9 +/- 0.4 h (mean +/- s.e. mean) and plasma clearance was 25.4 +/- 4.8 l/h (mean +/- s.e. mean). Neither half-life nor clearance were dose-related. Steady-state was achieved during 9/18 infusions. Nausea and vomiting were completely controlled in 13/24 treatment courses (57%) and adverse effects were minimal. We conclude that steady-state plasma concentrations of metoclopramide can be achieved using a weight-related infusion regimen, though the optimum plasma concentration remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia terminating in acute myelofibrosis.

Acute myelofibrosis developed in a patient with longstanding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who had been treated with alkylating agents and total body irradiation. The case is discussed in the context of acute non-lymphoid leukaemias occurring in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with special reference to megakaryoblastic variants.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Induction of angiosarcomas by ring-necked pheasant virus.

Ring-necked pheasant virus, an avian leukosis virus, when injected into 10-day old chick embryos, caused angiosarcomas in the lungs of infected chickens within a short time. Angiosarcomas appeared as localized foci of proliferating cells in the lungs as early as 2 weeks posthatch, and by 6 weeks, the lungs of the infected chickens were frequently filled with tumor cells. Between 3 and 10 weeks of age, 80% of infected chickens died of the angiosarcomas; the 20% which lived 8 weeks or longer had small lung lesions and also developed fibrosarcomas, osteopetrosis, nephroblastoma, and lymphoid leukosis. Chickens with lung tumors were cyanotic, had breathing difficulty, and had packed cell volumes in excess of 50%. Other changes not necessarily correlated with lung tumor mass were stunting, lymphoid organ involution, and profuse diarrhea. Ring-necked pheasant virus has a genome RNA of 8.2 kb. This observation, together with its replication and disease induction after repeated plaque purification, suggests that ring-necked pheasant virus is a replication-competent avian retrovirus. Therefore, our results suggest that ring-necked pheasant virus is an avian leukosis virus which causes angiosarcomas rapidly at high incidence and which, therefore, may induce this type of tumor by a mechanism different from the induction of sarcomas by avian sarcoma viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Relationship of lymphocyte anisocytosis in chronic lymphatic leukaemia to mouse red cell rosetting capacity and clinical stage.

In 34 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) the lymphocytes have been separated and sized using a C1000 Channelyzer. The modal volume and the volume range of the populations have been obtained and related to clinical stage and mouse red blood cell (MRBC) rosetting capacity. Over 1 year's observation with several estimations per patient there was no convincing drift towards increase in modal volume with deteriorating clinical status. The cell size of the CLL populations could vary from time to time in the same patient. The MRBC rosetting capacity varied greatly between estimations. The findings suggest that in CLL there is an oscillation in cell size in a given patient when tested at intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid autoantibody synthesis by cultures of thyroid and peripheral blood lymphocytes. I. Lymphocyte markers and response to pokeweed mitogen.

Thyroid lymphocytes from Graves' and Hashimoto patients have been investigated and compared with lymphocytes from the peripheral blood. Considerably more lymphocytes (20-30 X 10(6)/g) could be isolated from Hashimoto thyroids than from Graves' tissue (1-5 X 10(6)/g) but the cell suspensions extracted from Hashimoto and Graves' glands were similar in terms of cell surface markers and the ability to synthesize immunoglobulin. Thyroid lymphocytes contained a lower proportion of T cells (OKT3+ cells) and in some cases more B cells than the peripheral blood but the ratio of helper to suppressor T cells (OKT4+:OKT8+ cells) was similar to the values obtained for blood lymphocytes. Further, thyroid lymphocytes (unlike blood lymphocytes) synthesized relatively large amounts of microsomal and/or thyroglobulin antibody when cultured in medium only and these levels were significantly decreased by the addition of pokeweed mitogen. The results of this study provide further evidence for the role of the thyroid as a major site of thyroid autoantibody synthesis and emphasize the importance of characterizing the cells infiltrating the gland in autoimmune thyroid disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

T cell subpopulations in CLL: methods of T cell enrichment artificially alter proportions of OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells.

There is growing speculation about the meaning of reported imbalances in subpopulations of T lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This study compared two techniques for producing T cell enriched subpopulations from both patients with CLL and normal individuals and the effects of these techniques on relative proportions of OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells. A sheep red cell rosetting technique resulted in significantly larger OKT8 and smaller OKT4 positive populations than did nylon wool column elution. Similar results were obtained in normal individuals. The nylon wool column elution technique produced less distortion of unfractionated OKT4/OKT8 ratios in normals than did the rosetting technique. Studies of T lymphocyte subpopulations should be interpreted with great caution as the methods used to study them can influence the results.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Atypical T lymphoproliferative disorder demonstrating in vitro suppressor and helper characteristics.

A patient initially diagnosed on surface marker status as having T cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (T-CLL) was found to have arthropathy and recurrent pulmonary infarction associated with a high anti-DNA antibody titre. The T cell from this patient, on assessment in an in vitro pokeweed mitogen driven B cell system, demonstrated suppressor and helper characteristics but lacked antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity and natural killer (NK) activity. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and normals, it was shown that the patient's T cells suppressed both IgG and thyroid autoantibody production. Irradiation of the patient's PBM inhibited the suppressor effect and a residual helper effect remained. The patient was treated with systemic steroids for exacerbations of arthropathy which caused a fall in lymphocyte count. After 36 months the DNA binding activity spontaneously improved and the lymphocytosis disappeared. It is indicated that T-cell proliferations demonstrating functional activity must be assessed within the context of any underlying non-haematological clinical and laboratory findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Multiple myeloma: radiology or bone scanning?

A comparative study of radionuclide bone scanning and skeletal radiology in patients with multiple myeloma revealed four principal findings: (i) There were no cases of negative bone scans with positive skeletal radiographs. (ii) Lytic bone lesions were seriously underestimated by bone scans. (iii) Bone scans tended to pick up lesions in ribs missed on the skeletal surveys. (iv) Patients with bone pain were more likely to have positive bone scans and skeletal radiographs than asymptomatic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The measurement of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) activity in leukaemic blasts of 26 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (13 children less than 14 years, 13 adults greater than 14 years) demonstrated significantly greater activities of the enzyme on a proportion of the adults. The predominant cytological sub-type in the adult patients was L2 (FAB classification) whereas L1 cytological sub-type dominated in the childhood group. There was no relation between TDT values and FAB sub-type but the highest activities in the childhood group were seen in patients assessed at the time of relapse. We conclude that continued use of quantitative TDT estimations may provide useful information in further characterising the currently recognised cytological and immunological sub-types in ALL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of adult lymphoblastic leukaemia using cyclical chemotherapy with three combinations of four drugs (COAP, POMP, TRAP schedule).

Seventeen adult patients with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were entered into a schedule of chemotherapy in which 3 combinations, each of 4 drugs, were administered in a predetermined cyclical rotation in combination with cranial irradiation and intrathecal injections of methotrexate. Of the 17 patients, 16 completed induction therapy and 15 (94%) entered remission. The only patient with T-ALL died before receiving any therapy. The median survival for all patients (17) was 22 months. Meningeal leukaemia did not occur during the haematological remission phase although 3 patients developed this complication following relapse. The authors conclude that the addition of cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside to vincristine/prednisone provides excellent remission induction but the aggressive maintenance schedule employed has not led to significant long-term survival.

Adolescent↗