Biomedical subjects

S J Olson

Publications and source records attributed to S J Olson.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Frequency of parvovirus B19 infection in nonimmune hydrops fetalis and utility of three diagnostic methods.

The rate of parvovirus B19 (PV) infection in cases of "idiopathic" nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is reported to be approximately 16% with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Antibodies for use in paraffin-embedded tissue have not been systematically compared with PCR or with the presence of inclusions at varying gestational ages. All autopsy cases of NIHF and those with effusions of multiple serous membranes examined between 1991 and 1996 (n = 29) were evaluated for the presence of PV DNA by PCR analysis of paraffin-embedded liver tissue. PCR-positive cases and "idiopathic" cases were examined for the presence of inclusions in routine histological sections and for PV protein using a monoclonal antibody (NovoCastra R92F6). Among the four clinically idiopathic cases, one (25%) was positive for PV using PCR. The three negative idiopathic cases had no inclusions and were negative for PV by PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC); all were third-trimester gestations (28, 31, and 32 weeks). Identifiable risk factors for NIHF other than PV in the remaining 25 cases included cystic hygroma, seven (three 45,X; two 46,XX; two no growth); complex cardiac anomaly, six; infection, three (two CMV, one chlamydia); twin-twin transfusion, two; lymphangiectasia, two; diaphragmatic hernia, tracheal atresia, trisomy 21, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, one each. One of these nonidiopathic cases, a fetus with cystic hygroma and a 45,X karyotype, was positive for PV DNA only on the blot, consistent with a low titer; no inclusions were present, and IHC was negative in multiple organs in this instance. One of four (25%) cases of idiopathic NIHF cases contained PV DNA by PCR analysis; there were abundant inclusions in multiple organs, and IHC was strongly positive as well. Of 25 cases of nonidiopathic NIHF, one (4%) was also positive for PV DNA by PCR. PV protein was detected by IHC only in the presence of inclusions; IHC thus may be useful for highlighting sparse inclusions. No second-trimester case of NIHF was unexplained. Late (third-trimester) cases of "idiopathic" NIHF are likely to be negative by all methods, either because they are not attributable to PV infection or because PV protein and DNA are below detectable levels or are no longer present. Maternal serology for PV and TORCH agents may be the best method for investigating third-trimester losses to otherwise unexplained NIHF.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

A neural network model for the development of simple and complex cell receptive fields within cortical maps of orientation and ocular dominance.

Prenatal development of the primary visual cortex leads to simple cells with spatially distinct and oriented ON and OFF subregions. These simple cells are organized into spatial maps of orientation and ocular dominance that exhibit singularities, fractures, and linear zones. On a finer spatial scale, simple cells occur that are sensitive to similar orientations but opposite contrast polarities, and exhibit both even-symmetric and odd-symmetric receptive fields. Pooling of outputs from oppositely polarized simple cells leads to complex cells that respond to both contrast polarities. A neural network model is described which simulates how simple and complex cells self-organize starting from unsegregated and unoriented geniculocortical inputs during prenatal development. Neighboring simple cells that are sensitive to opposite contrast polarities develop from a combination of spatially short-range inhibition and high-gain recurrent habituative excitation between cells that obey membrane equations. Habituation, or depression, of synapses controls reset of cell activations both through enhanced ON responses and OFF antagonistic rebounds. Orientation and ocular dominance maps form when high-gain medium-range recurrent excitation and long-range inhibition interact with the short-range mechanisms. The resulting structure clarifies how simple and complex cells contribute to perceptual processes such as texture segregation and perceptual grouping.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Maintenance of polarity and a dual cell population in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study.

AIMS: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast, although quite uncommon, is histologically distinct and has an excellent prognosis. Our purpose was to characterize molecular markers of cellular differentiation and polarity to define better the role that these combined features might play in the excellent prognosis of ACC in this site. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed immunohistochemical stains for expression of vimentin (VM), cytokeratin (CK), smooth muscle actin (SMA), laminin (LAM), E-cadherin (E-cad), beta-catenin (beta-cat) and fodrin in 14 examples of ACC. Two types of intercellular lumens and defining lining cells were detected: true epithelial lumens were lined by CK positive cells that maintained the normal glandular luminal cells with an intact polarity and basolateral membrane compartment indicators: fodrin, E-cad and beta-cat. The second type of intercellular space was a pseudolumen, surrounded by myoepithelial cells that were strongly positive for VM and SMA, and lined by LAM. Double staining for VM and CK, VM and SMA, and CK and SMA detected occasional cytoplasmic co-expression of these markers in the myoepithelial cell compartment, but VM and SMA did not stain epithelial lumenal cells. CONCLUSIONS: ACC of the breast is characterized by the presence of two types of intercellular lumens, one conserving basolateral markers of normal polarity (epithelial) with the other containing basement membrane material (abutted by myoepithelial cells). Dominance of VM staining may be a hallmark of ACC, along with maintained epithelial and myoeithelial compartments. This status of advanced, normal differentiation despite local invasion may be responsible for lack of distant metastasis.

Actins↗

PubMed1998

Distribution of reducible 4-hydroxynonenal adduct immunoreactivity in Alzheimer disease is associated with APOE genotype.

Two major risk factors for late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia worldwide, are increasing age and inheritance of the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4). Several isoform-specific effects of apoE have been proposed; however, the mechanisms by which apoE isoforms influence the pathogenesis of AD are unknown. Also associated with AD is increased lipid peroxidation in the regions of the brain most damaged by disease. 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), the most potent neurotoxic product of lipid peroxidation, is thought to be deleterious to cells through reactions with protein nucleophiles. We tested the hypothesis that accumulation of the most common forms of HNE-protein adducts, borohydride-reducible adducts, is associated with AD and examined whether there was a relationship to APOE. Our results demonstrated that reducible HNE adducts were increased in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and temporal cortex of patients with AD. Furthermore, our data showed that the pattern of reducible HNE adduct accumulation was related to APOE genotype; AD patients homozygous for APOE4 had pyramidal neuron cytoplasmic accumulation of reducible HNE adducts, while AD APOE3 homozygotes had both pyramidal neuron and astrocyte accumulation of reducible HNE adducts. This is in contrast to our previous observations that a distinct HNE protein adduct, the pyrrole adduct, accumulates on neurofibrillary tangles in AD patients. We conclude that APOE genotype influences the cellular distribution of increased reducible HNE adduct accumulation in AD.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal pyrrole adducts in human neurodegenerative disease.

Increasing age and inheritance of the epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) are significant risk factors for sporadic and late onset familial Alzheimer disease (AD); however, the mechanisms by which either leads to AD are unknown. Numerous studies have associated advancing age with increased indices of oxidative challenge to brain, and with still further increased oxidative damage to relevant brain regions in AD patients. A major consequence of oxidative damage to brain is lipid peroxidation with production of the neurotoxic metabolite 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). HNE reacts with protein to yield several adducts, including a pyrrole adduct that forms irreversibly in biological systems. Previously, we have shown in a small number of AD and control patients that HNE pyrrole adduct antiserum is immunoreactive with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and that this reactivity was significantly associated with inheritance of APOE4. Others have confirmed this pattern of immunoreactivity in AD brain but did not observe an association with APOE4. Herein, we have expanded the study group to 19 AD patients homozygous for APOE4 or APOE3, as well as 30 patients with other neurodegenerative diseases, including diffuse Lewy body disease, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson's disease, and human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis. HNE pyrrole adduct immunoreactivity on NFT in AD patients was strongly associated with APOE4 homozygosity. With the exception of rare immunoreactive Pick bodies in one case of Pick's disease, no other structure was recognized by HNE pyrrole adduct antiserum in this series of patients. We propose that there is a significant difference between the interaction of apoE3 and apoE4 with lipid peroxidation in the brains of AD patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts in Alzheimer's disease is associated with inheritance of APOE4.

Cumulative oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation, is a central component of cellular aging and is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipid peroxidation produces several cytotoxic aldehydes, one of the most potent being 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). We have shown previously that HNE is a potent neurotoxin that covalently modifies and cross-links neuronal cytoskeletal protein in neuroglial cultures, suggesting that HNE may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. In addition to aging, inheritance of the epsilon 4 allele of APOE is the other major risk factor for development of late-onset AD; however, the mechanisms through which aging and apolipoprotein E isoforms may collaborate in the onset or progression of AD are not known. We tested the hypothesis that HNE may yield a particular type of protein modification, pyrrole adduction, and that this may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Our data demonstrated that HNE formed pyrrole adducts with protein. Polyclonal antiserum was raised that specifically recognized HNE pyrrole adducts, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on hippocampus and temporal cortex of 10 patients with histologically verified AD. Pyramidal neuron cytoplasm was immunoreactive in 4 of 4 APOE4 homozygotes, 2 of 3 APOE3/4 heterozygotes, and none of 3 APOE3 homozygotes (P < 0.05). The pattern of staining was highly suggestive of neurofibrillary tangles as the primary immunoreactive structure. These data suggest that differences in neuronal protein modification by HNE may account in part for the APOE-associated stratification of risk for late-onset AD.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

MAb O13.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1990

Plastic section immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms.

Plastic section immunohistochemistry is an important method in the multiparameter approach to the diagnosis of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. Morphologic, histochemical, and immunophenotypic data may be correlated even on small fragments of tissue by this technique. A variety of differentiation markers is detectable in plastic sections for the delineation of lymphocytic, histiocytic, and myeloid neoplasms, as well as Hodgkin's disease. Plastic section immunohistochemistry should also be useful in the diagnosis of epithelial and stromal neoplasms caused by enhanced antigen preservation in those neoplasms. For these reasons, we anticipate that the plastic section technique will have a wide variety of research and investigative applications.

Antigens, Surface↗

PubMed1989

Immunophenotypes of Reed-Sternberg cells: a study of 19 cases of Hodgkin's disease in plastic-embedded sections.

The immunophenotype of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in Hodgkin's disease (HD) has not been clearly defined, partly owing to difficulties in studying RS cells in cell suspensions or identifying them with certainty in frozen sections. We studied the immunophenotype of RS cells with a recently developed plastic section immunohistochemical technique on acetone-fixed tissues that affords superior morphological detail while preserving a wide variety of lymphoid differentiation antigens. Nineteen cases of HD [16 nodular sclerosing (NS), 2 mixed cellularity (MC), and 1 lymphocyte depleted (LD)] were embedded in plastic and stained for pan-B, pan-T, and various T-subset markers, as well as leukocyte common antigen (CD45), interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25), and RS cell markers CD15 and CD30. RS cells were positive for CD45, CD15, CD30, and CD25, except for 3 cases (2 NS, 1 MC) that were CD15 negative and 2 cases (NS) that were CD45 negative. In 10 cases (NS), RS cells were positive for at least two pan-T-cell markers and CD4; pan-B cell markers were uniformly negative. RS cells in 6 cases (3 NS, 2 MC, 1 LD) were positive for at least one T-cell marker (CD2) and one B-cell marker (CD22). Two cases of NSHD showed no T- or B-cell marking. These data provide further evidence that RS cells in some cases of NSHD have T-cell phenotypes and that RS cells are not homogeneous in their immunoreactivity.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Time-series analysis of long-term cardiovascular response.

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the use of time-series analysis with long-term cardiovascular responding. Analyses of two successive 1000-minute mean blood pressure and heart-rate series in five chronically instrumented dogs showed that the autocorrelation function of the original series appeared highly nonstationary and that differenciation of the data produced a simple autocorrelation pattern which could be successfully modeled with stepwise autoregression. Evidence for reliable individual differences as well as change over sessions is presented and discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 catalytic activity and mRNA expression in prostate carcinoma.

Recent studies in prostate tissues and especially cell lines have suggested roles for arachidonic acid (AA) metabolizing enzymes in prostate adenocarcinoma (Pca) development or progression. The goal of this study was to more fully characterize lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression and AA metabolism in benign and malignant prostate using snap-frozen tissues obtained intraoperatively and mRNA analyses and enzyme assays. Formation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) was detected in 23/29 benign samples and 15-LOX-2 mRNA was detected in 21/25 benign samples. In pairs of pure benign and Pca from the same patients, 15-HETE production and 15-LOX-2 mRNA were reduced in Pca versus benign in 9/14 (P=.04) and 14/17 (P=.002), respectively. Under the same conditions, neither 5-HETE nor 12-HETE formation was detectable in 29 benign and 24 tumor samples; with a more sensitive assay, traces were detected in some samples, but there was no clear association with tumor tissue. COX-2 mRNA was detected by nuclease protection assay in 7/16 benign samples and 5/16 tumors. In benign and tumor pairs from 10 patients, COX-2 was higher in tumor versus benign in only 2, with similar results by in situ hybridization. Paraffin immunoperoxidase for COX-2 was performed in whole mount sections from 87 additional radical prostatectomy specimens, with strong expression in ejaculatory duct as a positive control and corroboration with in situ hybridization. No immunostaining was detected in benign prostate or tumor in 45% of cases. Greater immunostaining in tumor versus benign was present in only 17% of cases, and correlated with high tumor grade (Gleason score 8 and 9 vs. 5 to 7). In conclusion, reduced 15-LOX-2 expression and 15-HETE formation is the most characteristic alteration of AA metabolism in Pca. Increased 12-HETE and 5-HETE formation in Pca were not discernible. Increased COX-2 expression is not a typical abnormality in Pca in general, but occurs in high-grade tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗