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Biomedical subjects

S J Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to S J Olsen.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Herd incidence of bovine mastitis in four Danish dairy. districts II. Evaluation of the effect of the mastitis control scheme.

Bacteriological and cytological examinations have been carried out on samples from 6,808 cows belonging to 339 herds in four Danish dairy districts. After a discussion of differences between the districts as regards intensivity of mastitis control, public health surveillance, etc., definitions are given of certain terms, such as presence of bacteria, infection, pathogenic versus non-pathogenic (less pathogenic) organisms. The rate of infection with pathogenic organisms varies between districts from 23% to32% on a cow basis, and from 8% to 12% on a quarter basis. A comparison, on a cow basis, of the occurrence of pathogens as recorded in 1955/58 in three Danish surveys comprising 11 dairy districts, with the occurrence as recorded in four districts in 1972, showed a decline in incidence of between 7 and 9 percentage units. Together with the decline in incidence a definite change in the composition of the udder flora has taken place during that period. In particular, there was a pronounced fall in the occurrence of Group B, C, G, and L streptococci, and a relative increase in the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus. A comparison, on a quarter basis, with the occurrence of pathogens in 30 English herds subjected through three years to intensive mastitis control, including systematic treatment of dry cows, teat dipping, and weekly inspection, showed that by such a programme a slightly lower level of infection was reached than in the 399 Danish herds which had been subjected to collective control for 10-15 years. The annual financial loss per cow suffering from mastitis being estimated at D.kr. 600.-, the reduction noted in the occurrence of bacteria in cows' udders implies an annual national saving of D.kr. 42 million on account of the Danish mastitis control. The total annual expenditure on Danish mastitis control is estimated at D.kr. 9million expenses would rise to some 70 million D.kr. if all registered cows were to be treated on drying-off, and if general teat dipping was to be carried out.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A centralized, computerized, and relational data base for student clinical placements.

Quality clinical experiences are a critical component of advanced practice nursing (APN) curricula. Historically, nursing instructors coordinated both the didactic and clinical components of a course. Increasingly, course coordinators organize the didactic component, and external preceptors working in the clinical setting function as practicum teachers. Both scenarios involve labor-intensive processes, and neither facilitate the scheduling of clinical experiences that build on progressive learning across the student's curriculum. A centralized, computerized, relational data base for efficient management of APN preceptors and students across the curriculum was designed. One master's-prepared clinical coordinator maintains the data base and performs all related functions. This system offers numerous benefits to students, preceptors, ] faculty, and nursing school, including balanced and progressively complex clinical learning experiences for students from competent preceptors: consistent interface with students and preceptors; faculty relief from time-consuming tasks; rapid generation of a variety of tables, rosters, and reports; consistent tracking of preceptor evaluations; timely acknowledgment of preceptor assistance; and efficient communication among students, preceptors, faculty, and school administration.

Baltimore↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recruitment of underserved women for breast cancer detection programs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this correlational, nonexperimental study was to survey a sample of uninsured/underinsured women entering a no-cost, state-funded breast cancer screening program to identify factors that might enhance existing recruitment strategies and adherence to breast cancer screening. OVERVIEW: Inadequate access to breast cancer screening contributes to the high morbidity and mortality that have been documented in low-income American women with breast cancer. Two hundred and four participants in a no-cost cancer screening program at the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center's East Baltimore Community Health Program in Maryland were surveyed by telephone to identify methods to enhance recruitment strategies. The survey solicited information in areas such as demographics, healthcare practices, and recruitment sources. Knowledge about breast cancer and its treatment, perceived control over health matters, and the practice of preventive measures were low in this group. Based on the data obtained, recruitment strategies better tailored to this population were developed and implemented. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Recruiters and clinicians must understand that for impoverished women, day-to-day survival takes precedence over most other issues. The possibility of a condition that may cause illness or death 10 to 20 years from now is of less importance than obtaining food, clothing, and shelter today. This program demonstrates that services such as transportation and child care are important elements of care for this population. Culturally sensitive recruitment strategies, personalized care, and vigilant follow-up are important requisites to breast cancer screening programs. A multidisciplinary team effort is critical in bringing together the elements required for a successful screening program.

Adult↗