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Biomedical subjects

S J Matthews

Publications and source records attributed to S J Matthews.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Rickets in cerebral palsied children: a report of two cases.

Two cases of vitamin D deficiency rickets in cerebral palsied children are presented. The problem of diagnosis and possible etiological factors are discussed. This report highlights a problem that is often not recognized in South Africa, particularly because of the abundant sunshine and, therefore, the rarity of vitamin D deficiency in the normal child.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute pneumonitis associated with MOPP chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease.

A case of a 69-year-old man admitted with procarbazine pneumonitis and a review of the literature are presented. The patient completed a second course of MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease three days before admission. He presented with a recent onset of fever, chills, anorexia, and malaise. Chest radiography indicated diffuse bilateral interstitial pneumonitis, and pulmonary function studies revealed restrictive lung disease. Attempts to identify an infectious etiology, including open lung biopsy, were negative, and empirical antibiotic therapy was ineffective. The diagnosis was drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction, most likely due to procarbazine. Corticosteroid therapy was instituted with gradual improvement. Six other cases of pneumonitis associated with procarbazine therapy are briefly reviewed, and the use of pulmonary function tests to identify the type and degree of injury and monitor therapy is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatotoxicity associated with choline magnesium trisalicylate: case report and review of salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity.

A case of a 21-year-old woman who had developed mild hepatotoxicity while receiving choline magnesium trisalicylate therapy is described. She presented with fever and mild hepatic enzyme elevations before salicylate therapy was instituted. Liver function tests (LFT) returned to normal within five days of hospitalization but she continued to develop daily fevers. Blood, urine, and throat cultures were negative. An acute viral illness or reactivation of systemic lupus erythematosus were the suspected diagnoses. Choline magnesium trisalicylate was then administered in an effort to control her fever, and was successful. After three days of salicylate therapy her LFT values began to rise. They continued to rise for five more days before salicylate hepatotoxicity was suspected. Choline magnesium trisalicylate was discontinued after eight days and the patient's LFT quickly returned to normal. The source of fever was never identified, although infection with cytomegalovirus was considered the most likely cause. Salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of four methods of predicting serum gentamicin concentrations in adult patients with impaired renal function.

Four methods of predicting serum gentamicin concentrations (SGCs) in adult patients with stable impaired renal function were compared. Serum samples obtained from 17 patients receiving intravenous gentamicin therapy were assayed for gentamicin using a radioimmunoassay. Kinetic variables derived using four different methods were used to predict peak and trough concentrations. The Sawchuk-Zaske method uses individualized apparent volume of distribution (Vapp) and half-life (t1/2) derived from at least three SGCs following a given dose. The fitted method assumes Vapp equals 0.28 liters/kg lean body weight (LBW) and a t1/2 derived by a fitting technique using only one SGC. Both the Tozer and Hull methods assume Vapp equals 0.28 liters/kg LBW, and t1/2 is estimated from equations that take into account the patient's renal function (creatinine clearance). The predicted and measured SGCs for each method were compared using linear regression analysis. The prediction errors, defined as the predicted minus the measured SGC, were compared for the four methods. The correlation coefficients between the measured and predicted SGCs were significant at p less than 0.05 only for the Sawchuk-Zaske and fitted methods. For the Sawchuk-Zaske method, peak and trough r values were 0.73 and 0.91, respectively. For the fitted method, peak and trough r values were 0.53 and 0.71, respectively. No significant differences in the mean prediction errors were observed, except for the Sawchuk-Zaske method, which had significantly less mean prediction error than the Hull method. The Sawchuk-Zaske method was the most reliable and accurate pharmacokinetic technique. However, because it is more costly and less convenient than the other three methods, both the accuracy and cost should be considered when selecting a method for determining serum gentamicin concentrations for a particular patient.

Aged↗