Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S J Ismail

Publications and source records attributed to S J Ismail.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Anthropometric status of Kazakh children in the 1990s.

The 1990s were a period of considerable economic and social instability in Kazakhstan. The current study documents information on the growth performance of children living in Kazalinsk district in the far west of Kazakhstan over this turbulent period. Using anthropometric data of children, from random samples collected in 1992, 1994 and 2000, we investigate changes in body size of 4.0-4.9-year-old children over the 8-year-study period. Between 1992 and 2000, there was no statistically significant change in body size of 4.0-4.9-year-old boys, but 4.0-4.9-year-old girls became significantly smaller. This may have resulted from the prolonged period of economic instability in Kazakhstan. Furthermore, using detailed dietary intake data collected in 1994, evidence is presented to support a suggestion that the different responses to economic hardship, evidenced in the achieved body size of boys and girls, may have been influenced by gender-discrimination in household food allocation.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2002

Height, weight and haemoglobin status of 6 to 59-month-old Kazakh children living in Kzyl-Orda region, Kazakhstan.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of stunting, wasting and anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in the Kzyl-Orda region of Kazakhstan, and to determine the association between childhood height and haemoglobin concentration and a range of environmental and biological factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using a randomly selected sample. The mothers of children were interviewed, and finger-prick blood samples and anthropometric measurements were collected on both mothers and their children. Associations between haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, anthropometric measurements and questionnaire data were evaluated by multivariate analysis. SETTING: Health centres in Kazalinsk, Djalagash and Zhanakorgan districts of Kzyl-Orda region, Kazakhstan. SUBJECTS: Two-thousand and twenty-four children aged between 6 and 59 months born to 1501 mothers who were randomly selected from health centre records. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of stunting (<-2.0 Z-scores height for age), wasting (<-2.0 Z-scores weight for height) and anaemia (Hb<11.0 g/dl) in the study children was found to be 15.8, 0.8 and 50.1%, respectively. However, analysis demonstrated considerable variation by age, with the second year of life showing the highest prevalence of both stunting and anaemia. Both childhood height and haemoglobin concentration were found to be significantly associated with a range of environmental and maternal variables. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the prevalence of both stunting and anaemia among Kazakh children in the Kzyl-Orda region is considerable, and similar to that of other Central Asian children. These findings highlight Central Asia as a region with levels of childhood nutritional status that are of concern. SPONSORSHIP: Funding was provided by the United States Agency for International Development, Office of Nutrition, the United Kingdom Department for International Development, and the Polden-Puckham Trust.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Haemoglobin status of adult non-pregnant Kazakh women living in Kzyl-Orda region, Kazakhstan.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia among adult non-pregnant women in the Kzyl-Orda region of Kazakhstan, and to determine the association between haemoglobin concentration and anthropometric, socioeconomic, reproductive and dietary factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using a randomly selected sample. Subjects were interviewed, and finger-prick blood samples and anthropometric measurements were collected. Associations between haemoglobin concentration and anthropometric and questionnaire data were evaluated by sequential linear regression analysis. SETTING: Health centres in Kazalinsk, Djalagash and Zhanakorgan districts of Kzyl-Orda region, Kazakhstan. SUBJECTS: Three-thousand six-hundred and twenty-five non-pregnant women aged 18-45 y randomly selected from health centre records. RESULTS: Iron deficiency anaemia, as reflected by low haemoglobin levels (Hb<12 g/dl), was detected in 40.2% of the total sample. There was a significant curvilinear relationship between haemoglobin concentration and age, with the nadir of the curve in the 30-40 y age-group. Haemoglobin concentration was found to be positively associated with body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic factors. Significant negative associations were found between haemoglobin concentration and duration of menses, use of the intra-uterine contraceptive device and the consumption of tea. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that iron deficiency anaemia is present at considerable levels among adult women living in Kzyl-Orda region, Kazakhstan, and provides important baseline information for future research and public health interventions. SPONSORSHIP: Funding was provided by the United States Agency for International Development, Office of Nutrition, the United Kingdom Department for International Development, and the Polden-Puckham Trust.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Nutrition and handgrip strength of older adults in rural Malawi.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the nutritional status and handgrip strength of older people in rural Malawi. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: : Lilongwe rural, Malawi, situated approximately 35-50 km from the city. SUBJECTS: Ninety seven males and 199 females participated in this study. METHODS: Selected anthropometric measurements were taken and nutrition indices were computed using standard equations. Handgrip strength was measured using an electronic grip strength dynamometer. RESULTS: The mean handgrip strength (in kg) for men was significantly higher than for women vs. In addition, there was a significant decline in handgrip strength with age in both sexes. Furthermore, handgrip strength was positively correlated to the following nutritional status indicators: BMI in males and in females), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in males and in females) and arm-muscle area (AMA) in males and in females). After controlling for potential confounders, namely sex, height and age, the correlations between handgrip strength and the nutrition indices were still significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the hypothesis that poor nutritional status is associated with poor handgrip strength. Malawian males had both lower handgrip strength and lower arm muscle area than their counterparts from industrialised countries. However, Malawian females had similar handgrip strength despite lower arm muscle area, in comparison with women from industrialised countries, reflecting perhaps their higher level of physical activity. Further studies are required to determine whether by alleviating nutritional problems a concomitant improvement in handgrip strength can be obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Anthropometric characteristics of older people in rural Malawi.

BACKGROUND: Older people are becoming an increasingly important proportion of the populations of developing countries, yet little information exists on their nutritional status or social conditions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of older people in rural Malawi. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Lilongwe, Malawi. SUBJECTS: A total of 296 respondents (97 males and 199 females) aged from 55-94 y were studied. METHODS: Selected anthropometric measurements were taken by trained personnel. Among kyphotic respondents, height was estimated from armspan using regression equations derived from the non-kyphotic respondents. Body mass index (BMI) and corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) were computed using standard equations. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 63.3 y and 68.9 y among females and males, respectively. Kyphosis was seen in 17.3% of all subjects and oedema in 4.1%. Nearly 90% of the subjects were involved in agricultural activities. Men were heavier and taller than women but women had larger MUACs and triceps skinfolds than males. The mean BMIs in kg/m2 (+/- s.d.) were as follows: 19.7 (2.6) for men and 20.3 (3.0) for women. The prevalence of undernutrition, defined as BMI< 18.5 kg/m2, was 36.1% among males and 27.0% among females. In contrast, using MUAC (cut-offs 23 cm for males and 22 cm for females), 20.4% of the men and only 10% of the women were classified as malnourished. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated for the first time that undernutrition is a significant problem among older people in rural Malawi. It highlights the need to incorporate older people into existing and future nutrition and health programmes.

Aged↗